單片機外文資料及翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文參考文獻</b></p><p><b>　　外文參考資料一：</b></p><p>　　SCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that

2、 it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, m

3、ore easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on </p><p>　　Are 8-bit microcontrolle

4、r early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, reliable and good performance was a lot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems. SCM systems based on this system until no

5、w is still widely used. With the increased requirements of industrial control field, began a 16-bit microcontroller, because the cost is not satisfactory but have not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great

6、development of consumer electronics,</p><p>　　SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world's largest

7、computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will be integrated single chip. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer

8、 accessories such as a mouse with a 1-2 in both the Department of SCM. Personal computer will have a large number of SCM in</p><p>　　Single chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not complete

9、 a certain logic chips, but to a computer system integrated into a chip. Equivalent to a micro-computer, and computer than just the lack of a microcontroller I / O devices. General talk: a chip becomes a computer. Its sm

10、all size, light weight, cheap, for the study, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the MCU is to understand the principle and structure of the computer the b</p>&l

11、t;p>　　SCM and the computer functions internally with similar modules, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, the same effect as well, and hard disk memory devices, and different is its performance of these components were

12、 relatively weak many of our home computer, but the price is low , usually not more than 10 yuan you can do with it some control for a class is not very complicated electrical work is enough of. We are using automatic dr

13、um washing machine, smoke hood, VCD and so on appliances which could </p><p>　　It is an online real-time control computer, control-line is that the scene is needed is a stronger anti-jamming ability, low cos

14、t, and this is, and off-line computer (such as home PC), the main difference.</p><p>　　Single chip</p><p>　　MCU is through running, and can be modified. Through different procedures to achieve d

15、ifferent functions, in particular special unique features, this is another device much effort needs to be done, some great efforts are very difficult to do. A not very complex functions if the 50's with the United St

16、ates developed 74 series, or the 60's CD4000 series of these pure hardware buttoned, then the circuit must be a large PCB board! But if the United States if the 70's with a series of successful SCM </p>&l

17、t;p>　　As the microcontroller on the cost-sensitive, so now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level in addition to more than binary machine code language, and as so low wh

18、y is the use? Many high-level language has reached the level of visual programming Why is not it? The reason is simply that there is no home computer as a single chip CPU, not as hard as a mass storage device. A visualiz

19、ation of small high-level language program which even if only one but</p><p>　　Can be said that the twentieth century across the three "power" era, that is, the age of electricity, the electronic a

20、ge and has entered into the computer age. However, this computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor and other components. Another type of computer, mos

21、t people do not know how. This computer is to give all kinds of intelligent machines single chip (also known as micro-controller). As the name suggests, this comp</p><p>　　SCM history</p><p>　　S

22、CM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stages.First model 1.SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of

23、embedded systems architecture. "Innovation model" success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Co

24、rporation contributed.</p><p>　　2.MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirem

25、ents for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, highlight the object of intelligent control. It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore, the development of MCU's responsibilit

26、y inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU develop</p><p>　　Embedded Systems Embedded system microcontroller is an independent development path

27、, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedicated single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronic

28、s, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extende</p><p>　　MCU a

29、pplications</p><p>　　SCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, compu

30、ter network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera,

31、 fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., w</p><p>　　1. In the application of Intelligent Instruments</p><p>　　SCM has a small size, low power

32、consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, h

33、umidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or d

34、igital circuits more powerfu</p><p>　　2. In the industrial control application</p><p>　　With the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembl

35、y line of intelligent control</p><p>　　3. In Household Appliances </p><p>　　Can be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerator

36、s, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent. </p><p>　　4. In the field of computer networks and communications applicatio

37、ns </p><p>　　MCU general with modern communication interface, can be easy with the computer data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material c

38、onditions, are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call system, train radio communica

39、tion, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile ra</p><p>　　5. Microcomputer in the field of medical device applications </p><p>　　SCM in the use of medical d

40、evices is also quite extensive, such as medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system. </p><p>　　6. In a variety of major appl

41、iances in the modular applications </p><p>　　Designed to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand

42、 its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle o

43、f the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog </p><p><b>　　外文參考資料二：</b></p><p>　　Abstract: In order to solve t

44、he weight problem often encountered in measuring the low-mass objects in the trade and daily life of the modern business, the design of a new pocket-sized electronic scales. This pocket-sized electronic scales Force Sens

45、or gravity signals into electrical signals to measure, and measuring the results of the digital display. The pocket-sized electronic scales with a small size, light weight, easy to carry, intuitive display, measurement a

46、nd high precision; complex stru</p><p>　　Keywords: pocket-sized electronic scales; weighing; sensor; error compensationCLC number: TH715. 1] sign code: A Article ID: 100 522 895 (2007) 0220110204</p>

47、<p>　　1 A needs analysisIn modern commerce and trade and everyday life, often encounter the problem of measuring the weight of the low-mass objects. Although the traditional steelyard can solve this problem, but in

48、convenient to carry, the efficiency is not high, the display is not intuitive and low measurement accuracy; mechanical spring balance can solve this problem, but the inertia inherent low frequency, high sensitivity, meas

49、urement accuracy is not high. With the progress and update of the micro</p><p>　　For these reasons, in order to solve the low-mass objects weighing problem, if a small size, light weight, portable, digital d

50、isplay electronic scales, will be popular. Discussed below, that is, the scope of a weighing 5 kg compact electronic scales.2 DesignThe principle of the structure of the pocket-sized electronic scales shown in Figure 1.

51、The main task is to design compact electronic scales weighing the choice of the force sensors. Dynamometer sensor types to achieve the weighing and digita</p><p>　　Sensor → amplifier → CPU → display → Aö

52、;D converter</p><p>　　3 sensor device design3.1 worksThe working principle of the strain gauge force transducer strain gauge pasted into force, force-sensitive elastic element, the corresponding strain when

53、the elastic element force deformation, the strain gauge into a resistance change, which led to the voltage measuring circuit changes by measuring the output voltage value, and then through the conversion can be obtained

54、by the measurement of body weight. Since the pocket-sized electronic scales require small size,</p><p>　　Circuit into small changes in resistance rates to changes in voltage or current, in order to secondary

55、 instrument display. Bridge measurement circuit to meet this requirement. In the load cell, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 44 strain gauge resistor bridge measurement circuit shown in Figure 3. R m is the temperature compensation resi

56、stor, e is the excitation voltage, V is the output voltage.</p><p><b>　　外文參考資料三：</b></p><p>　　The load cell is a quality signal into a measurable electrical signal output device. Mus

57、t consider the actual working environment of the sensor which sensor Yin, this is essential for the correct selection of the load cell, and it is related to the sensor can work as well as its safety and service life, and

58、 the whole weighing the reliability and safety sex. On the basic concepts and methods of evaluation of the major technical indicators of the load cell, the new and old GB qualitative differenc</p><p>　　The t

59、raditional concept, the load sensor weighing sensors, force sensors, collectively referred to using a single parameter to evaluate its measurement properties. Old GB will be completely different application objects and t

60、he use of environmental conditions "weighing" and "measured force" two sensors into one to consider, not given to distinguish between the test and evaluation methods. Old GB total of 21 indicators, we

61、re tested at room temperature; and non-linearity, hysteresis error, repeata</p><p>　　Proportion to convert the output signal can be measured. Taking into account the different place of use of the acceleratio

62、n due to gravity and air buoyancy on the conversion, the main performance indicators of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, zero-temperature characteristics and temperature sensit

63、ivity characteristics. In a variety of weighing and measuring the quality of the system, usually the integrated error accuracy of the integrated control senso</p><p>　　The load cell conversion method is divi

64、ded into photoelectric, hydraulic, electromagnetic force type, capacitive, magnetic poles change the form of vibratory gyroscope ceremony, resistance strain type, to the most extensive use of resistance strain.</p>

65、<p>　　Electromagnetic force sensorIt uses a load-bearing stage load and the principle of electromagnetic force Equilibrium (Figure 5). Put the loading stage, the measured object at one end of the lever upward tilt

66、; photoelectric detect the tilt signal, amplified into the coil, the electromagnetic force, so that the lever to return to equilibrium. Currents produce electromagnetic counterweight digital converter, you can determine

67、the quality of the measured object. The electromagnetic force sensor accu</p><p>　　Capacitive sensorsIt </p><p>　　capacitor oscillator circuit of the oscillation frequency f and the plate spacin

68、g d is directly proportional relationship between the work (Figure 6). There are two plates, one fixed and the other one can move. Bearing load measured object, the leaf spring deflection, the distance between the two pl

69、ates changes, the oscillation frequency of the circuit also changes. The measured frequency change can be calculated to the quality of the load-bearing stage, the measured object. Capacitive sensor po</p><p>

70、;　　Pole change the form of sensorFerromagnetic</p><p>　　components in the measured object gravity under mechanical deformation, internal stress and cause changes in permeability, and also changes so that the

71、 induced voltage of the secondary coil wound on both sides of the ferromagnetic component (pole). Measure the voltage variation can be calculated added to the force on the pole, and then determine the quality of the meas

72、ured object. Pole to change the form of sensor accuracy is not high, usually 1/100, applicable to the large tonnage weighing, wei</p><p>　　Vibration sensorThe force of the elastic element, the natural vibrat

73、ion frequency of the force is proportional to the square root of. Measure the natural frequency changes, you can find the measured object role in the elastic component of the force, and then calculate the quality. The vi

74、bration sensor vibrating wire and tuning fork.The elastic component of the vibrating wire sensor string wire. When the load-bearing stage, plus the measured object, the intersection of the V-shaped string wire is</p&g

75、t;<p>　　The elastic component of the tuning fork sensor is a tuning fork. Fixed tuning fork end of the piezoelectric element, the natural frequency of oscillation of a tuning fork, it can be measured oscillation f

76、requency. When the load-bearing stage and the measured object, the tuning fork direction of tensile force while the increase in natural frequency, increasing levels of applied force is proportional to the square root. Me

77、asure the changes of natural frequency can be calculated heavy loads impose</p><p>　　外文參考文獻中文翻譯</p><p><b>　　參考資料一：</b></p><p>　　單片機也被稱為微控制器，常用英文字母的縮寫MCU表示單片機，它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制

78、領域。單片機由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。最早的設計理念是通過將大量外圍設備和CPU集成在一個芯片中，使計算機系統(tǒng)更小，更容易集成進復雜的而對體積要求嚴格的控制設備當中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設計出的處理器，從此以后，單片機和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚鑣。 </p><p>　　早期的單片機都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因為簡單可靠而性能不錯獲得了很大的好評。此后在8

79、031上發(fā)展出了MCS51系列單片機系統(tǒng)?；谶@一系統(tǒng)的單片機系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。隨著工業(yè)控制領域要求的提高，開始出現(xiàn)了16位單片機，但因為性價比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應用。90年代后隨著消費電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展，單片機技術得到了巨大提高。隨著INTEL i960系列特別是后來的ARM系列的廣泛應用，32位單片機迅速取代16位單片機的高端地位，并且進入主流市場。而傳統(tǒng)的8位單片機的性能也得到了飛速提高，處理能力比起80年代提高了數(shù)百倍。

80、目前，高端的32位單片機主頻已經(jīng)超過300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的專用處理器，而普通的型號出廠價格跌落至1美元，最高端[1]的型號也只有10美元。當代單片機系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不再只在裸機環(huán)境下開發(fā)和使用，大量專用的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛應用在全系列的單片機上。而在作為掌上電腦和手機核心處理的高端單片機甚至可以直接使用專用的Windows和Linux操作系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　　單片機比專用處理器更適合應用于嵌入式系

81、統(tǒng)，因此它得到了最多的應用。事實上單片機是世界上數(shù)量最多的計算機?，F(xiàn)代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機械產(chǎn)品中都會集成有單片機。手機、電話、計算器、家用電器、電子玩具、掌上電腦以及鼠標等電腦配件中都配有1-2部單片機。而個人電腦中也會有為數(shù)不少的單片機在工作。汽車上一般配備40多部單片機，復雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百臺單片機在同時工作！單片機的數(shù)量不僅遠超過PC機和其他計算的總和，甚至比人類的數(shù)量還要多。 </p>

82、<p>　　單片機又稱單片微控制器,它不是完成某一個邏輯功能的芯片,而是把一個計算機系統(tǒng)集成到一個芯片上。相當于一個微型的計算機，和計算機相比，單片機只缺少了I/O設備。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺計算機。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價格便宜、為學習、應用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時，學習使用單片機是了解計算機原理與結構的最佳選擇。 </p><p>　　單片機內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，比如CPU，內(nèi)存，并行

83、總線，還有和硬盤作用相同的存儲器件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過價錢也是低的，一般不超過10元即可，用它來做一些控制電器一類不是很復雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動滾筒洗衣機、排煙罩、VCD等等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影!它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。 </p><p>　　它是一種在線式實時控制計算機，在線式就是現(xiàn)場控制，需要的是有較強的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計

84、算機的（比如家用PC）的主要區(qū)別。 </p><p><b>　　單片機芯片：</b></p><p>　　單片機是靠程序運行的，并且可以修改。通過不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨特的一些功能，這是別的器件需要費很大力氣才能做到的，有些則是花大力氣也很難做到的。一個不是很復雜的功能要是用美國50年代開發(fā)的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來搞定

85、的話，電路一定是一塊大PCB板！但是如果要是用美國70年代成功投放市場的系列單片機，結果就會有天壤之別！只因為單片機的通過你編寫的程序可以實現(xiàn)高智能，高效率，以及高可靠性！ </p><p>　　由于單片機對成本是敏感的，所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級匯編語言，它是除了二進制機器碼以上最低級的語言了，既然這么低級為什么還要用呢？很多高級的語言已經(jīng)達到了可視化編程的水平為什么不用呢？原因很簡單，就是單片機沒有家

86、用計算機那樣的CPU，也沒有像硬盤那樣的海量存儲設備。一個可視化高級語言編寫的小程序里面即使只有一個按鈕，也會達到幾十K的尺寸！對于家用PC的硬盤來講沒什么，可是對于單片機來講是不能接受的。 單片機在硬件資源方面的利用率必須很高才行，所以匯編雖然原始卻還是在大量使用。一樣的道理，如果把巨型計算機上的操作系統(tǒng)和應用軟件拿到家用PC上來運行，家用PC的也是承受不了的。 </p><p>　　可以說，二十世紀跨越了三個

87、“電”的時代，即電氣時代、電子時代和現(xiàn)已進入的電腦時代。不過，這種電腦，通常是指個人計算機，簡稱PC機。它由主機、鍵盤、顯示器等組成。還有一類計算機，大多數(shù)人卻不怎么熟悉。這種計算機就是把智能賦予各種機械的單片機（亦稱微控制器）。顧名思義，這種計算機的最小系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進行簡單運算和控制。因為它體積小，通常都藏在被控機械的“肚子”里。它在整個裝置中，起著有如人類頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個裝置就癱瘓了?，F(xiàn)在，這種單片機的使

88、用領域已十分廣泛，如智能儀表、實時工控、通訊設備、導航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等。各種產(chǎn)品一旦用上了單片機，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱前冠以形容詞——“智能型”，如智能型洗衣機等。現(xiàn)在有些工廠的技術人員或其它業(yè)余電子開發(fā)者搞出來的某些產(chǎn)品，不是電路太復雜，就是功能太簡單且極易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在產(chǎn)品未使用單片機或其它可編程邏輯器件上。 </p><p><b>　　單片機歷史：</b

89、></p><p>　　單片機誕生于20世紀70年代末，經(jīng)歷了SCM、MCU、SoC三大階段。</p><p><b>　　起初模型：</b></p><p>　　1.SCM即單片微型計算機（Single Chip Microcomputer）階段，主要是尋求最佳的單片形態(tài)嵌入式系統(tǒng)的最佳體系結構?！皠?chuàng)新模式”獲得成功，奠定了SCM與通用

90、計算機完全不同的發(fā)展道路。在開創(chuàng)嵌入式系統(tǒng)獨立發(fā)展道路上，Intel公司功不可沒。 </p><p>　　2.MCU即微控制器（Micro Controller Unit）階段，主要的技術發(fā)展方向是：不斷擴展?jié)M足嵌入式應用時，對象系統(tǒng)要求的各種外圍電路與接口電路，突顯其對象的智能化控制能力。它所涉及的領域都與對象系統(tǒng)相關，因此，發(fā)展MCU的重任不可避免地落在電氣、電子技術廠家。從這一角度來看，Intel逐漸淡出M

91、CU的發(fā)展也有其客觀因素。在發(fā)展MCU方面，最著名的廠家當數(shù)Philips公司。 </p><p>　　Philips公司以其在嵌入式應用方面的巨大優(yōu)勢，將MCS-51從單片微型計算機迅速發(fā)展到微控制器。因此，當我們回顧嵌入式系統(tǒng)發(fā)展道路時，不要忘記Intel和Philips的歷史功績。 </p><p><b>　　嵌入式系統(tǒng)</b></p><

92、p>　　單片機是嵌入式系統(tǒng)的獨立發(fā)展之路，向MCU階段發(fā)展的重要因素，就是尋求應用系統(tǒng)在芯片上的最大化解決；因此，專用單片機的發(fā)展自然形成了SoC化趨勢。隨著微電子技術、IC設計、EDA工具的發(fā)展，基于SoC的單片機應用系統(tǒng)設計會有較大的發(fā)展。因此，對單片機的理解可以從單片微型計算機、單片微控制器延伸到單片應用系統(tǒng)。 </p><p><b>　　單片機的應用領域</b></p&

93、gt;<p>　　目前單片機滲透到我們生活的各個領域，幾乎很難找到哪個領域沒有單片機的蹤跡。導彈的導航裝置，飛機上各種儀表的控制，計算機的網(wǎng)絡通訊與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，工業(yè)自動化過程的實時控制和數(shù)據(jù)處理，廣泛使用的各種智能IC卡，民用豪華轎車的安全保障系統(tǒng)，錄像機、攝像機、全自動洗衣機的控制，以及程控玩具、電子寵物等等，這些都離不開單片機。更不用說自動控制領域的機器人、智能儀表、醫(yī)療器械了。因此，單片機的學習、開發(fā)與應用將造就一批計

94、算機應用與智能化控制的科學家、工程師。 </p><p>　　單片機廣泛應用于儀器儀表、家用電器、醫(yī)用設備、航空航天、專用設備的智能化管理及過程控制等領域，大致可分如下幾個范疇： </p><p>　　1.在智能儀器儀表上的應用 </p><p>　　單片機具有體積小、功耗低、控制功能強、擴展靈活、微型化和使用方便等優(yōu)點，廣泛應用于儀器儀表中，結合不同類型的傳感器，

95、可實現(xiàn)諸如電壓、功率、頻率、濕度、溫度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、長度、硬度、元素、壓力等物理量的測量。采用單片機控制使得儀器儀表數(shù)字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用電子或數(shù)字電路更加強大。例如精密的測量設備（功率計，示波器，各種分析儀）。 </p><p>　　2.在工業(yè)控制中的應用 </p><p>　　用單片機可以構成形式多樣的控制系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。例如工廠流水線的智能化管 &l

96、t;/p><p>　　3.在家用電器中的應用 </p><p>　　可以這樣說，現(xiàn)在的家用電器基本上都采用了單片機控制，從電飯褒、洗衣機、電冰箱、空調(diào)機、彩電、其他音響視頻器材、再到電子秤量設備，五花八門，無所不在。 </p><p>　　4.在計算機網(wǎng)絡和通信領域中的應用 </p><p>　　現(xiàn)代的單片機普遍具備通信接口，可以很方便地與計算機

97、進行數(shù)據(jù)通信，為在計算機網(wǎng)絡和通信設備間的應用提供了極好的物質(zhì)條件，現(xiàn)在的通信設備基本上都實現(xiàn)了單片機智能控制，從手機，電話機、小型程控交換機、樓宇自動通信呼叫系統(tǒng)、列車無線通信、再到日常工作中隨處可見的移動電話，集群移動通信，無線電對講機等。 </p><p>　　5.單片機在醫(yī)用設備領域中的應用 </p><p>　　單片機在醫(yī)用設備中的用途亦相當廣泛，例如醫(yī)用呼吸機，各種分析儀，監(jiān)護

98、儀，超聲診斷設備及病床呼叫系統(tǒng)等等。 </p><p>　　6.在各種大型電器中的模塊化應用 </p><p>　　某些專用單片機設計用于實現(xiàn)特定功能，從而在各種電路中進行模塊化應用，而不要求使用人員了解其內(nèi)部結構。如音樂集成單片機，看似簡單的功能，微縮在純電子芯片中（有別于磁帶機的原理），就需要復雜的類似于計算機的原理。如：音樂信號以數(shù)字的形式存于存儲器中（類似于ROM），由微控制器讀出

99、，轉化為模擬音樂電信號（類似于聲卡）。 </p><p>　　在大型電路中，這種模塊化應用極大地縮小了體積，簡化了電路，降低了損壞、錯誤率，也方便于更換。 </p><p>　　7.單片機在汽車設備領域中的應用 </p><p>　　單片機在汽車電子中的應用非常廣泛，例如汽車中的發(fā)動機控制器，基于CAN總線的汽車發(fā)動機智能電子控制器，GPS導航系統(tǒng)，abs防抱死系統(tǒng)