信息管理外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Design and Implementation of Educational Video Platform for Multiple Users </p><p>　　多用戶教育視頻平臺設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)</p><p>　　院 系 經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 信息管理與信息系統(tǒng) </p&

2、gt;<p>　　班 級 94080201 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號 2009040802005 </p><p>　　姓 名 孫文博 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 王慶軍 </p><p>　　

3、職 稱 副教授 </p><p>　　負(fù)責(zé)教師 王曉斌 </p><p>　　沈陽航空航天大學(xué)2013年6月</p><p>　　what are C/S with B/S </p><p>　　For " C/S " with the technolo

4、gy of " B/S " develop change know , first,must make it clear that 3 problems. </p><p>　　( 1 ) What is the structure of C/S. </p><p>　　C/S ( Client/Server ) structure, the server struct

5、ure and client computer that all know well. It is software systematic architecture, through it can hold hardware environment fully using two advantage, realize task reasonable distribution to Client end and Server end ,

6、have reduced systematic communication expense. Now, the most systems of application software are the two levels of structure of the form of Client/Server , are developing to the Web application of distribution type since

7、 current s</p><p>　　Traditional C ／ S architecture though adopting is open pattern, but this is the openness that system develops a level , in specific application no matter Client end or Server end the soft

8、ware that need to still specify support. Because of the software software that need to develop different edition according to the different system of operating system that can not offer the structure of C/S and the open

9、environment of user genuine expectation , besides, the renovation of product is very rapid, i</p><p>　　( 2 ) What is the structure of B/S. </p><p>　　B/S ( Browser/Server ) structure browser and

10、server structure. It is along with the technology of Internet spring up , it is for the structure of improvement or a kind of change of the structure of C/S. Under this kind of structure, user working interface is to rea

11、lize through WWW browser, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( Browser) realization, but the major logic of general affairs in server end( Server) realization, form the three-layer claimed 3-tier structu

12、re. So, have si</p><p>　　( 3 ) The management software technology of main stream. </p><p>　　The technology of main stream of management software technology is as management thought , have also g

13、one through 3 develop period. First, interface technology goes to Windows graph interface ( or graph user interface GUI ) from last century DOS character interface, till Browser browser interface 3 differences develop pe

14、riod. Secondly, today own the browser interface of computer, is not only visual and is easy to use , what is more major is that any its style of application software based on bro</p><p>　　The comparison of

15、C/S and B/S</p><p>　　C/S and B/S is the now world two technologies of main stream of developing pattern technical configuration. C/S is that American Borland company researches and develop most early, B/S is

16、 that American Microsoft researches and develop. Now this two technologies with quilt world countries grasp , it is many that domestic company produce article with C/S and the technical development of B/S. This two techn

17、ologies have the certain market share of self , is with customer crowd , each domestic enterpr</p><p>　　C/S configures inferior position and the advantage of software </p><p>　　( 1 ) Application

18、 server operation data load is light</p><p>　　comparatively. </p><p>　　The database application of the most simple architecture of C/S is become by two partial groups, customer applies program

19、and database server program. Both can be called as proscenium program and the program of backstage supporter respectively. The machine of operation database server program is also called as application server. Once serve

20、r program had been started , waits the request concerning responding customer program hair at any time; Customer application program operation can be called a</p><p>　　( 2 ) Data store management function re

21、latively transparent. </p><p>　　In database application data store management function, is carried out respectively independently by server program and customer application program , is regular as proscenium

22、 application can violate , and usually those different( no matter is have known still unknown ) operations data, in server program, do not concentrate realization, for instance visit limits of authority, serial number ca

23、n be repeated , must have customer talent establishment the rule order. It is these to own , for the last</p><p>　　The advantage of B/S configuration software </p><p>　　( 1 ) The Maintenance of

24、inferior position and upgrading way are simple. </p><p>　　Now upgrading and the improvement of software system more and more frequently, the product of the configuration of B/S embodies more convenient prope

25、rty obviously. For one a little a little bit big unit , if systematic administrator needs , between hundreds of 1000 even last computers round trip run , efficiency and workload is to can imagine, but the configuration o

26、f B/S software needs management server have been all right , all customer ends are browser only, need not do any maintenance at all</p><p>　　( 2 ) Cost reduction, it is more to select. </p><p>　

27、　All know windows in the computer of top of a table on nearly one Tong world, browser has become standard disposition, but on server operating system, windows is in absolute dominance position not. Current tendency is th

28、e application management software that uses the configuration of B/S all , need to install only in Linux server on , and safety is high. The so server option of operating system is many, no matter choosing those operati

29、ng system, can let the most of ones use windows in order to t</p><p>　　Say, many persons on daily, "Sina website" nets , so long as having installed browser for can , and what need not know the ser

30、ver of " Sina website " to use is that what operating system, and in fact the most of websites do not use windows operating system really, but the computer of user is most of as installing to be windows operati

31、ng system. </p><p>　　什么是C/S和B/S</p><p>　　要想對“C/S”和“B/S”技術(shù)發(fā)展變化有所了解，首先必須搞清楚三個問題。</p><p>　　(1) 什么是C/S結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　C/S （Client/Server）結(jié)構(gòu)，即大家熟知的客戶機和服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)。它是軟件系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)，通過它可以充分利

32、用的兩端硬件環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢，將任務(wù)合理分配到Client端和Server端來實現(xiàn)，降低了系統(tǒng)的通訊開銷。目前大多數(shù)應(yīng)用軟件系統(tǒng)都是Client/Server形式的兩層結(jié)構(gòu)，由于現(xiàn)在的軟件應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)正在向分布式的Web應(yīng)用發(fā)展，Web和Client/Server 應(yīng)用都可以進(jìn)行同樣的業(yè)務(wù)處理，應(yīng)用不同的模塊共享邏輯組件；因此，內(nèi)部的和外部的用戶都可以訪問新的和現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，通過現(xiàn)有應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中的邏輯可以擴(kuò)展出新的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。這也就是目前應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的

33、發(fā)展方向。</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的C／S體系結(jié)構(gòu)雖然采用的是開放模式，但這只是系統(tǒng)開發(fā)一級的開放性，在特定的應(yīng)用中無論是Client端還是Server端都還需要特定的軟件支持。由于沒能提供用戶真正期望的開放環(huán)境，C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件需要針對不同的操作系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)不同版本的軟件， 加之產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代十分快，已經(jīng)很難適應(yīng)百臺電腦以上局域網(wǎng)用戶同時使用。而且代價高， 效率低。如我院使用的上海超蘭公司“案件統(tǒng)計”管理軟件

34、就是典型的C／S體系結(jié)構(gòu)管理軟件。</p><p><b>　　什么是B/S結(jié)構(gòu)。</b></p><p>　　B/S（Browser/Server）結(jié)構(gòu)即瀏覽器和服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)。它是隨著Internet技術(shù)的興起，對C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的一種變化或者改進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)下，用戶工作界面是通過WWW瀏覽器來實現(xiàn)，極少部分事務(wù)邏輯在前端（Browser）實現(xiàn)，但是主要事務(wù)邏輯在服務(wù)

35、器端（Server）實現(xiàn)，形成所謂三層3-tier結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣就大大簡化了客戶端電腦載荷，減輕了系統(tǒng)維護(hù)與升級的成本和工作量，降低了用戶的總體成本（TCO）。以目前的技術(shù)看，局域網(wǎng)的建立B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用，并通過Internet/Intranet模式下數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用，相對易于把握、成本也是較低的。它是一次性到位的開發(fā)，能實現(xiàn)不同的人員，從不同的地點，以不同的接入方式（比如LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet等）訪問和操作共

36、同的數(shù)據(jù)庫；它能有效地保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)平臺和管理訪問權(quán)限，服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫也很安全 。</p><p>　　C/S和B/S 之比較</p><p>　　C/S和B/S都是當(dāng)今世界開發(fā)模式技術(shù)架構(gòu)的兩大主流的技術(shù)。C/S是美國 Borland公司的最早研發(fā)，B/S是美國微軟公司研發(fā)的。目前，這兩項的技術(shù)以被世界各國所掌握了，國內(nèi)公司以C/S和B/S的技術(shù)開發(fā)出產(chǎn)品也很多。這兩種技術(shù)都有著自己一定的市場份

37、額和客戶群體，各家的企業(yè)都說自己的管理軟件架構(gòu)技術(shù)功能強大、更先進(jìn)、方便，也都能舉出各自的客戶群體，也都有一大群文人墨客為自己的搖旗吶喊，廣告滿天飛，正所謂仁者見仁，智者見智</p><p>　　C/S架構(gòu)軟件的優(yōu)勢與劣勢 </p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)用服務(wù)器運行數(shù)據(jù)負(fù)荷較輕。</p><p>　　最簡單的C/S體系的結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用由兩部分組成，即客戶應(yīng)用程序和

38、數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器程序。二者可分別是稱為前臺程序與后臺程序。運行數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器程序的機器，也稱為應(yīng)用服務(wù)器。一旦服務(wù)器的程序被啟動，就隨時的等待響應(yīng)客戶程序發(fā)來的請求；客戶的應(yīng)用程序運行在用戶自己的電腦上，對應(yīng)于數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器，可稱為客戶電腦，當(dāng)需要對數(shù)據(jù)庫的中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行任何操作時，客戶程序就自動地尋找服務(wù)器程序，并向其中發(fā)出請求，服務(wù)器的程序根據(jù)預(yù)定的規(guī)則作出應(yīng)答，送回結(jié)果，應(yīng)用服務(wù)器運行數(shù)據(jù)負(fù)荷較輕。</p><p>

39、　　（2）數(shù)據(jù)儲存管理的功能較為透明</p><p>　　在數(shù)據(jù)庫的應(yīng)用中，數(shù)據(jù)的儲存管理功能，是由服務(wù)器程序和客戶應(yīng)用程序分別獨立進(jìn)行的，前臺應(yīng)用可以違反的規(guī)則，并且通常把那些不同的（不管是已知還是未知的）運行數(shù)據(jù)，在服務(wù)器程序中不集中實現(xiàn)，例如訪問者的權(quán)限，編號可以重復(fù)、必須有客戶才能建立定單這樣的規(guī)則。所有這些，對于工作在前臺程序上的最終用戶，是“透明”的，他們無須過問（通常也無法干涉）背后的過程，就可以完

40、成自己的一切工作。在客戶服務(wù)器架構(gòu)的應(yīng)用中，前臺程序不是非?！笆菪　?，麻煩的事情都交給了服務(wù)器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在C/S體系的下，數(shù)據(jù)庫不能真正成為公共、專業(yè)化的倉庫，它受到獨立的專門管理。</p><p>　?。?） C/S架構(gòu)的劣勢是高昂的維護(hù)成本且投資大。</p><p>　　首先，采用C/S架構(gòu)，要選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)庫平臺來實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)的真正“統(tǒng)一”，使分布于兩地的數(shù)據(jù)同步完全交由數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)去

41、管理，但邏輯上兩地的操作者要直接訪問同一個數(shù)據(jù)庫才能有效實現(xiàn)，有這樣一些問題，如果需要建立“實時”的數(shù)據(jù)同步，就必須在兩地間建立實時的通訊連接，保持兩地的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器在線運行，網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理工作人員既要對服務(wù)器維護(hù)管理，又要對客戶端維護(hù)和管理，這需要高昂的投資和復(fù)雜的技術(shù)支持，維護(hù)成本很高，維護(hù)任務(wù)量大。</p><p>　　其次，傳統(tǒng)的C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件需要針對不同的操作系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)不同版本的軟件，由于產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代十

42、分快，代價高和低效率已經(jīng)不適應(yīng)工作需要。在JAVA這樣的跨平臺語言出現(xiàn)之后，B/S架構(gòu)更是猛烈沖擊C/S，并對其形成威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。</p><p>　　B/S架構(gòu)軟件的優(yōu)勢與劣勢</p><p>　?。?）維護(hù)和升級方式簡單。</p><p>　　目前，軟件系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)和升級越來越頻繁，B/S架構(gòu)的產(chǎn)品明顯體現(xiàn)著更為方便的特性。對一個稍微大一點單位來說，系統(tǒng)管理人員如果

43、需要在幾百甚至上千部電腦之間來回奔跑，效率和工作量是可想而知的，但B/S架構(gòu)的軟件只需要管理服務(wù)器就行了，所有的客戶端只是瀏覽器，根本不需要做任何的維護(hù)。無論用戶的規(guī)模有多大，有多少分支機構(gòu)都不會增加任何維護(hù)升級的工作量，所有的操作只需要針對服務(wù)器進(jìn)行；如果是異地，只需要把服務(wù)器連接專網(wǎng)即可，實現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程維護(hù)、升級和共享。所以客戶機越來越“瘦”，而服務(wù)器越來越“胖”是將來信息化發(fā)展的主流方向。今后，軟件升級和維護(hù)會越來越容易，而使用起來會越

44、來越簡單，這對用戶人力、物力、時間、費用的節(jié)省是顯而易見的，驚人的。因此，維護(hù)和升級革命的方式是“瘦”客戶機，“胖”服務(wù)器。</p><p>　?。?）成本降低，選擇更多。</p><p>　　大家都知道windows在桌面電腦上幾乎一統(tǒng)天下，瀏覽器成為了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置，但在服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)上windows并不是處于絕對的統(tǒng)治地位。 現(xiàn)在的趨勢是凡使用B/S架構(gòu)的應(yīng)用管理軟件，只需安裝在Linux

45、服務(wù)器上即可，而且安全性高。所以服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的選擇是很多的，不管選用那種操作系統(tǒng)都可以讓大部分人使用windows作為桌面操作系統(tǒng)電腦不受影響，這就使的最流行免費的Linux操作系統(tǒng)快速發(fā)展起來，Linux除了操作系統(tǒng)是免費的以外，連數(shù)據(jù)庫也是免費的，這種選擇非常盛行。</p><p>　　比如說很多人每天上“新浪”網(wǎng)，只要安裝了瀏覽器就可以了，并不需要了解“新浪”的服務(wù)器用的是什么操作系統(tǒng)，而事實上大部分網(wǎng)站