1870年至1895年直隸教案中的地方外交_15167.pdf

1、分類號密級單位代碼10094訝4￡i；干為尤李碩士學位論文1870年至1895年直隸教案中的地方外交劉立冬指導教師姓名專業(yè)名稱研究方向申請學位級別吳寶曉教援中國近現(xiàn)代史中外關系史碩士oo七年五月^d嘎五氣SI7IlES弘KENBYCHIIⅡIADMINISTR觚10NINANnCHRISTIAAⅡTYDURING1870—1895From1870to1895clashesbetweentheChinesepeopleandtheChri

2、stianityin(珈liProvinceincreasedgreatlyUnderstrongpressurefromforeignmissionaries，ministersandChinesenativeChristians，chinesecentTalgovernmententrustedlocalauthofitypowerofsolvingdisputes，nealilllilocaladministrationbecam

3、ethechiefrepresentationofChinesegovernmentinnegotiationsMydissertationdiscusseshowthealilllilocalofficialssoIvedtheseconflictsandtheirchangeofstanceonChinescforeigndiplomacyThcpapercontainsthreeparts：pretextcontentsandfi

4、nalconclusionalicfcontentsincludefivedifferentsections：ncfirstsaystheprinciplesbywhichChihnadministrationsolvedtheseconflictsanalymgthem，wesummarywhatcriterionsareabidedbyinconflicts1nhcsecondisthemainbodypartsnarratesth

5、eChihlilocalmagistratessolvedtheconflictsaccordingtothreelevelsnamelytheC蝴hljcoUlItyofficialsjuniortrialthehigherofficialsintermediatetrial，tIlcgovernorandiinghaicustomofficialsseniortrialTheyusedmoderndiplomaticmenusand

6、traditionalskillstosolvetheseconflictsThesemainmethodswereasfollows：thelocalofficialsthemseIvesheardthecases，gotthecauses，triedtopersudethebelieversandthecommonpeople，otherwisepunishcd也emtosuppresstheircriticalmomentumto

7、reduceresistance；reliedonlocalruralManagersandgentriestosettlethecases；arguedvigorouslywi也priestsandbelieversaccordingtotreaties；consulleddirectlywiththeministerandrejectedtheuureasonabledemands；noticedouttotenthepco[，le

8、andso帆ThethirdtellsaboutthecharacteristicsofnegotiationsThcfolathsaystheproblemsamongChihli10calofficialsinhandlingconflictsnc鼬narratestheresultsandinfluenceofnegotiationsonaseriesofconflictsBeoausetheQingdynastyWasinthe

9、semicofonialandsemifeudalsocialpositiontheresultsofconflictswasunfair功ecompromiseoutcomescausedofficialsandthepublicindignation。刃妊hatredemotionssuddenlyburstouttOformtheBoxeTmovementFollowedbytheEightPowerAlliedForcesagg

10、ression黜madethechinalosealotofsovereigntyfurtherdeepenedtheChihfilocalofficialsfearandcompromiseandexpandedforeignreligiOUSpowersMeanwhile，foreigninvadersintheprocessofdestractlonplayedaunconsciouslybuildersSolvmgreligio

11、nsconflictsapartofChihlilocalo蚯dalsStrengthenedintemationalknowledgeandunderstandedinternationalnegotiationprocedure1恤causedChineseofficialsflllthermodernizationOntheotherhandtheQingdynastyalsostrengtheneditsinternalrefo

12、rms，separatedjudicinlbodiesgraduallyfromtheadministrativecontroltowardstheindependenceTllisacceleratedChinesaapparatusofgovernmentintomodernizationKEYWORDS：theChihlilocalAdministrationconflictsbetweenthecommonpeopleandth