海門市城鄉(xiāng)一體化環(huán)境管理績效評價研究.pdf

1、摘要在當(dāng)今各個國家和地區(qū)發(fā)展建設(shè)過程中，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)問題兩者的對立統(tǒng)一從來都是所有地區(qū)共同面臨的重要問題。自工業(yè)革命以來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了相對落后的農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)和相對發(fā)達(dá)的城市經(jīng)濟(jì)兩種模式。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，這種二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)模式并沒有如學(xué)者們希望的那樣協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，相反兩者差距不斷加大，嚴(yán)重阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，甚至影響到社會的穩(wěn)定。城鄉(xiāng)一體化已經(jīng)成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。我國由于歷史文化原因，長期存在重視工業(yè)和城市發(fā)展，忽視農(nóng)業(yè)

2、、農(nóng)村發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)投入相對較小，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村、城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)差距不斷加大。隨著時間推移，這種模式對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響越來越嚴(yán)重。近年來，中央連續(xù)多年發(fā)出關(guān)于“三農(nóng)”的1號文件，強(qiáng)調(diào)要加快農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，并將城鄉(xiāng)一體化的戰(zhàn)略寫入十六大報告，城鄉(xiāng)一體化成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的必然選擇。由于長期存在的二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)模式，我國在人力、資源、資金等多方面對城市傾斜，農(nóng)村不但在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上落后于城市，在環(huán)境管理上也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于城市。農(nóng)村發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的迫切

3、希望和落后的環(huán)境管理現(xiàn)狀，使得農(nóng)村賴以生存的土地、水、空氣等自然資源遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，不但影響了農(nóng)村工農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)，而且也嚴(yán)重影響到農(nóng)村居民日常生活。所以在城鄉(xiāng)一體化過程中進(jìn)行的環(huán)境管理，必須從農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、農(nóng)村居民生活等各個方面采取各種適合農(nóng)村條件的管理措施?；诔青l(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)理論，本文從城鄉(xiāng)一體化與環(huán)境管理的關(guān)系入手，對于海門市城鄉(xiāng)一體化過程中的農(nóng)村環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀、采取的環(huán)境管理措施、存在的問題，以及產(chǎn)生問題的原因進(jìn)行分析，得出結(jié)論，即必須采取切

4、實有效的環(huán)境管理措施，以促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化。為判斷海門在農(nóng)村建設(shè)中采取的環(huán)境管理措施是否適合農(nóng)村環(huán)境，是否能達(dá)到相應(yīng)的保護(hù)環(huán)境的效果，本文根據(jù)與農(nóng)村居民生產(chǎn)生活相關(guān)的一些因素，按照農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)村居民生活及其他等四個方面篩選出相應(yīng)指標(biāo)構(gòu)建城鄉(xiāng)一體化環(huán)境管理績效評價體系，并嘗試判別城鄉(xiāng)一體化中農(nóng)村環(huán)境友好型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。按照本文構(gòu)建的城鄉(xiāng)一體化環(huán)境管理績效評價體系，對江蘇省海門市城鄉(xiāng)一體化中相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，最終得出海門

5、市符合環(huán)境友好型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，海門市實行的環(huán)境管理措施適合海門市城鄉(xiāng)一體化Abstract3Inthedevelopmentconstructionprocessofeachnationandregionnowadays，theunityofoppositesbetweeneconomydevelopmentandenvironmentproblemhasalwaysbeenimportantissuesforallregionstofacet

6、ogetherFromtheIndustrialRevolution，along諏meconomicdevelopment，therearetwomodesoftherelativelybackwardruraleconomyandrelativelydevelopedurbaneconomyWithfurthereconomicdevelopmentthedualeconomicstructuremodelwasnotcoordina

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8、elopmentInChina，duetohistoricalandculturalreasons，thegovernmenthasbeenpayingattentiontoindustryandurbandevelopment，ignoringtheagriculturalandruraldevelopmentThismodeledtotheeconomicgapbetweencityandruralexpansionOvertime

9、，theeffectofthemodeofeconomicdevelopmentismoreandmoreseriousInrecentyears，thecentralgovernmentcontinuouslyissuedtheDocumentNumberOneonAgriculturetostresstheneedtospeeduptheeconomicdevelopmentofagricultureandruralareasThe

10、urbanruralintegrationstrategyiswrittentothereportoftheSixteenthCongressTheurbanruralintegrationbecomestheinevitablechoiceofChina’SeconomicandsocialdevelopmentDuetolong—termexistencemodeofdualeconomicstructureandOurinclin

11、ationonthecityinhumanresources，capital，etc，ruralareaisfarbehindcityThisisnotonlyreflectedintheeconomicdevelopment，butalsoinenvironmentalmanagementTheurgenthopeofeconomicdevelopmentandbackwardnessofruralenvironmentalmanag

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14、aperproceedswiththerelationshipbetweenenvironmentalmanagementandurbanruralintegration，aandanalysesthecurrentsituationoftheruralenvironmentmeasures，ofenvironmentalmanagementandthecauseoftheproblemofHaimenintheprocessofurb