論預約合同的法律保護——以商品房買賣為視角.pdf

1、 內(nèi)容摘要 隨著市場經(jīng)濟的蓬勃發(fā)展， 交易活動的日趨頻繁。 人們通過法律手段保障自身利益的意識逐漸加強， 在現(xiàn)實交易中， 采用締結(jié)合同的方式保障自身合法權(quán)益的手段也被廣泛采用，尤其是在商品房買賣領(lǐng)域。房價的不斷抬升，人們對“住”的需求不斷增加，往往需要具有法律約束力的形式來穩(wěn)固自身的交易機會。故此，商品房預約合同應運而生。然而，在商品房預約合同在交易中被廣泛運用的同時，由于其性質(zhì)界定的含糊，也對當事人的利益造成了一定的影響。因此，對商品

2、房預約合同的認識，需要更為具體剖析，從而體現(xiàn)它在市場經(jīng)濟交易中的價值。 在市場交易活動中， 預約合同是雙方共同確立一些達成一致意見的合同內(nèi)容， 它明確交易方各自權(quán)利義務，保護自身合法權(quán)益，同時，雙方也可以自由協(xié)商、靈活調(diào)整。本文通過一具體案例來引出預約合同的相關(guān)問題，并對之加以論述。旨在說明預約合同的內(nèi)涵、特征、法律效力及與邊界概念的區(qū)分，并結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定，對商品房預約合同的定性進行淺析。 最后再通過理論與案例的結(jié)合形式， 闡明在

3、該案例中的立場。 第一部分通過描述具體的案情和法院的一審、 二審判決， 歸納出該案例的爭議焦點。 第二部分對案件涉及的焦點問題進行相關(guān)法理分析，具體包括四個方面的內(nèi)容：首先，論述預約合同的概念、預約合同成立的實質(zhì)條件、預約合同的主要特性。包括其具有諾成性、準備性、內(nèi)容的明確性及法律約束力；成立預約合同的必備要素及預約合同的效力學說，并闡明自己的觀點。其次，對商品房預約合同與邊界概念進行界定，以更準確的認定商品房預約合同。主要包括本約與預

4、約的界定、商品房預約合同與意向書的界定、商品房預約合同與商品房預售合同的界定。然后，對違反預約合同的法律責任進行論述，主要針對其責任形式----定金責任、實際履行、賠償損失進行分析，以說明違反預約合同的法律責任。最后，對我國現(xiàn)行法律、法規(guī)關(guān)于預約合同的規(guī)定進行分析理解， 通過對法律法規(guī)的正確理解， 來證實預約合同的法律性質(zhì)及法Abstract With the vigorous development of market economy

5、, trading activity is increasingly frequent. The consciousness of the people through legal means to safeguard their own interests to strengthen gradually, in the real business, adopt the way of concluding the contract gu

6、arantee their legal rights and interests method has also been widely adopted, especially in the field of commercial housing sale. Prices rise ceaselessly, the increasing demand of “l(fā)ive“, often need to be legally binding

7、 in the form of a firm's own trading opportunities. Therefore, commodity house appointment contract arises at the historic moment. However, in the commodity house appointment contract was widely used in the trade at

8、the same time, because of its properties to define vague, also caused some influence to the interests of the parties. Therefore, understanding of commodity house appointment contract, need to be more specific, to embody

9、the value of it in market economic transactions. In market trading activities, make an appointment contract is a contract both sides to establish some agree on content of the contract, it clearly trading parties their r

10、espective rights and obligations, to protect their legal rights and interests, at the same time, the two sides are also free to negotiate, flexible adjustment. In this paper, through a specific case to lead to an appoint

11、ment contract related issues, and. Showing that the connotation, characteristic, make an appointment contract legal effect and the boundary of the concept of distinction, and combined with China's existing laws and r

12、egulations, of commodity house appointment contract qualitative analyses. Finally, through the combination of theory and case forms, in the case of the position. The first part by describing the specific case and the co

13、urt of first instance verdict, and concludes the controversial focus of the case. The second part is case of controversial views, legal analysis. First expounds on the basic theory of appointment contract, mainly includ

14、ing the connotation of the appointment contract; Of the contract of appointment; Appointment contract features, including its noble integrity, the clarity of the preliminary, content and legally binding; Set up an appoin