[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]外賣(mài)外文翻譯—塑料外賣(mài)餐具和器皿的可持續(xù)替代品的研究、設(shè)計(jì)和分析

1、字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 1972 1972 單詞， 單詞，10294 10294 字符；中文 字符；中文 3385 3385 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：AM AM Gautam, Gautam, N Caetano.Study, Caetano.Study, design design and and analysis analysis of of sustainable sustainable alternatives alternat

2、ives to to plastic plastic takeaway takeaway cutlery cutlery and and crockery[J]Energy crockery[J]Energy Procedia.2017,136:507-512 Procedia.2017,136:507-512外文文獻(xiàn)： 外文文獻(xiàn)： Study, design and analysis of sustainable alternativ

3、es to plastic takeaway cutlery and crockeryAbstract Most of the take away materials used today is made of plastic. This presents a huge challenge in terms of waste management and pollution. It is widely known that plast

4、ic takes several hundred to thousand years to decompose, releasing toxic substances in the process. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze alternatives to plastic takeaway cutlery, crockery from areca palm and co

5、conut tree by products. This focuses on reviving the methods and knowledge that existed in the southern and central parts of the Indian subcontinent for making sustainable cutlery and crockery products used in everyday l

6、ife. A market analysis, design, life cycle analysis and deeper research on the fabrication will be briefly presented.Keywords: disposable cutlery and crockery; eco friendly products; sustainable cutlery and crockery.1.In

7、troductionIn the last few decades, the plastic industry has taken us by storm and most things are packed and processed in plastic containers. One of the most important example is that of the take-away industry and of the

8、 disposable cutlery/crockery industry.2.1.Areca nutThe Areca trees are cultivated extensively for beetle nut production. The sheath that cover the leaves are extracted by hand and used as a base for making several produc

9、ts like bags, plates, cups and wrapping. The sheath is attached to the leaves, once collected they are generally dried in shade to remove excess moisture and sent for processing.2.2.Sal leavesSal forests cover over 11 mi

10、llion ha in India, Nepal and Bangladesh, and these forests are conventionally managed for timber. During the peak season of May to July, leaves are collected by tribal communities (Fig. 1). Only the leaves that are matur

11、e are collected by hand by the tribal communities in the forests, hence making the process sustainable. The picked leaves are then sent to nearby homes for being stitched, or undergo pressing in a heated press and sold.F

12、ig. 1. (a) Extracted Areca palm sheaths; (b) A tribal woman picking Sal leaves; (c) Bundled Sal leaves for plates2.3.Coconut fibresCoconuts that fall or picked coconuts can be used to extract fibre, green coconuts that a

13、re picked are the best for making fibre coir. The outer layers covering the coconut seed are processed and spun into fibres commonly known as coir (Fig. 2). Ripe coconuts are husked immediately, but unripe coconuts may b