[雙語翻譯]建筑設計外文翻譯--建筑設計中的可持續(xù)創(chuàng)新尼日利亞的庭院和陽臺概念

1、3200 英文單詞， 英文單詞，19500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 5700 字文獻出處： 文獻出處：Ilesanmi A O, Egbe M. Sustainable Innovations in Building Design: The Courtyard and Veranda Concepts in Nigeria[C]// Architectural Engineering Conference. 2013:594-6

2、03.SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN BUILDING DESIGN: THE COURTYARD AND VERANDA CONCEPTS IN NIGERIAAdetokunbo O. Ilesanmi putting novel ideas into practice. This may relate to a product, process, service, or idea that is new,

3、novel, or improved; the use of a new product, service or method in industry, business or society subsequent to its creation (Jones and Saad, 2003). Although many technological innovations originated in the developed coun

4、tries, this does not preclude the unique input and potentials from the developing countries (DCs). However, the current pattern of the globalisation process seems to be oblivious of the multifaceted intellectual wealth a

5、nd natural resources of DCs. As Nwagwu (2005) argues, the beauty of a truly globalised world would lie in the diversity of contribution by all countries in the global arena. Scholars, practitioners and policy-makers are

6、therefore increasingly adopting the “systemic” approach to innovation, with a greater awareness that innovation occurs within a system, where continuous interactions among the various actors play an essential role (Lundv

7、all et al. 2008).Innovative thinking, products and delivery should be central to the design, construction, and provision of the built environment, from its capital works through to the maintenance of assets. This is beca

8、use the built environment, of which the construction sector is a core component, shapes the society simultaneously as people shape the built environment. The issue of innovation in building design is uniquely relevant in

9、 the context of a developing country such as Nigeria, as a sense of outdoor living. In some cases, cooling rainwater is drawn from elaborate pitched roofs, through the courtyards, to help moderate internal air temperatur

10、es.The courtyard is a common feature in the architectures of the major Nigerian tribes – Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo – though with slight variations (Richardson, 2001). In Yoruba architecture, palaces and the traditional com

11、pounds of chiefs and large extended family units often contain a series of courtyards linked together by passages. In addition, the courtyard is a major feature of the aggregation of spaces and an essential component for

12、 environmental control and socio-cultural exchanges (Osasona and Hyland, 2006). Irrespective of its form or nature, the courtyard serves the function of accommodating group activities of household members and visitors. T

13、he courtyard system therefore has the potential to maximize space efficiency and enhance building envelopes in urban tropical environments.The bungalow is a one-floor house with a large roof and overhangs. It represented

14、 a unique architecture designed to fit the tropical bio-climatic conditions, while simultaneously being a cultural construct that responded to the beliefs and desires of the colonialists. It however remains to be conserv

15、ed, reused and re-designed (King, 1984). As a built-form adapted to the tropical climate, the bungalow evolved as a transformation of the peasant Bengah banggolo, diffused all over the then British Empire. Typically, it

16、is a free-standing, single-family building, with central functions organized in the core and a series of wrap-around functions that insulated the house from the heat or cold. The critical wrap-around element was the vera

17、nda or transitional zone that allowed ventilation to circulate through the building while still providing shade (Lefaivre and Tzonis, 2004). An Asian tropical invention, the veranda is not only an important architectural

18、 feature, it also supports an entire lifestyle in its confines – sitting, sleeping, and socializing – while simultaneously allowing its occupants to retreat into the privacy of the inner chambers. It is a porch- like, sh

19、aded area separating inside and outside, comparable to an immaterial, virtual non-wall (Mehrotra, 2000). A variety of devices such as louvers and screens were adapted to modulate the extent of breeze allowed into the int

20、eriors, as well as to provide privacy for the veranda – resulting in a rich architectural vocabulary. Many variations of the bungalow and veranda have appeared in the tropics, defined by the cultural heritage of ethnic g

21、roups, their lifestyle and the traditional crafts of local builders.In their original traditional contexts, the courtyard and the veranda concepts were mainly restricted to residential building typologies. The rationale

22、for the present study is therefore to examine the innovative adaptation of these concepts to other building typologies: administrative, educational, health, institutional, and multi-use.RESEARCH METHODThis case-study res

23、earch approach focused on five selected buildings in South-western Nigeria, in which the authors were involved as Architects at the levels of design, construction, maintenance and management. Qualitative primary data wer

24、e derived from the design and working drawings, physical observation, and photographic records. The buildings were purposively selected to span a range of design typologies: administrative, educational, health, instituti

25、onal, and multi-use facilities. They also represent projects at different stages of the design-construction-occupancy continuum. The study analysed space efficiency relative to the buildings’ envelopes, emphasising the i