[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]公共交通服務(wù)外文翻譯--公共交通服務(wù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性群體分析（節(jié)選）

1、2500 英文單詞， 英文單詞，14500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 4000 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Gimeno C , Vila N . Competitive Group Analysis of Public Transport Services[J]. Journal of Travel Mazanec, 1995b). This proposal is emphasized by Mistilis (1999, p.

2、 40), who states that “the forecast growth for tourism in a particular city is dependent on the maintenance of a number of Public services are more closely linked to social than to financial objectives and therefore conc

3、entrate on social needs. Additionally, public services have traditionally been provided by publicly-owned companies– although, depending on sectors, greater or lesser liberalization policies have led to the same services

4、 being delivered by private companies (Andreassen, 1995)–and have certain defining features: institutional value systems, public accounting and various forms of monopoly (Mitchell, 2001).Whether public or private, the pe

5、ople and resources are the same (Mitchell, 2001). Services in general also share an aim: customer satisfaction, which can be quantified to check the success/failure of the service’s strategy (Fitzgerald, Johnston, Silves

6、tro, Brignall, & Voss, 1990). Kotler (1991) defines satisfaction as the mental state of a person on comparing perceived product performance or result with initial product expectations. Being abstract, perceptual and

7、cognitive, satisfaction must be approached through different indicators, choosing those that best fit the research aims (Johnson & Fornell, 1991).Turning to the public transport service sector, despite considerable p

8、ublic spending on publicpassenger transport(Okasaki, 2003) satisfaction is still wellbelowthedesiredlevels, as shown by the insufficient use that continues to be made of these services (Hillman, 1996). The reason is the

9、lack of fit between user preferences, which are heterogeneous, and the services offered which, according to Andreassen (1995), are excessively homogeneous, ignoring client preferences and causing dissatisfaction, whereas

10、 private services show a far greater concern for differentiation and positioning and achieve higher satisfaction levels than public services.Consequently, if public transport services are to increase their customer numb

11、ers and market share they need to find more ways to differentiate and position themselves in a scenario of steadily increasing competition in the public transport sector (Edvardsson, 1998) and thereby increase the satisf

12、action of passengers who, to date, are fairly dissatisfied with public transport services. These findings have also been proved by Lee, Graefe, and Burns (2004,p. 73), who “suggest that service quality is an antecedent o

13、f satisfaction and satisfaction plays a mediating role between service quality and behavioral intention.” This holds true for competitive environments where alternatives compete for the same customers, so they can choose

14、 the alternative that best fits their requirements.However, public transport users are many and very different, so this general supposition of dissatisfaction may need to be qualified. Given the hypothesis of user hetero

15、geneity, Andreassen (1995) signals frequency of use as a key factor for greater satisfaction with a public transport operator and, consequently, with that operator’s positioning. The reason is that service expectations t

16、o a large extent adjust to the user’s experience of the service. It would appear that frequent public transport service users, as a group, show a higher level of satisfaction than low frequency passengers (Andreassen). A

17、long the same lines, Sirakaya, McLellan, and Uysal (1996) examine how experiences of using a service give rise to differences in perception among users, making it difficult to measure satisfaction in general. On the subj

18、ect of segmenting public transport users to measure their satisfaction, in a study of rail transport in the USA (Amtrack), Drea and Hanna (2000) found that to achieve user satisfaction, each specific segment must be sati

19、sfied. In other words, user satisfaction entails developing a differentiation strategy to address each segment or niche.Withinthis framework, which relates to both general satisfaction with public transport services and