[雙語翻譯]住房政策外文翻譯--亞太地區(qū)住房政策格局的轉(zhuǎn)變

1、3600 英文單詞， 英文單詞，20500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 6400 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Richard Ronald, Rebecca L. H. Chiu. Changing Housing Policy Landscapes in Asia Pacific[J]. International Journal of Housing Policy, 2010, 10(3):223-231.Changing Hous

2、ing Policy Landscapes in Asia PacificRICHARD RONALD Chiu, 2008; Doling, 1999; Forrest Groves et al., 2007; Ronald, 2007). In recent years however, social, economic and political conditions have shifted, transforming th

3、e landscape of housing policy and, in many cases, undermining the efficacy of housing policy practices. This special issue draws attention to key contextual changes and housing policy responses in the Asia Pacific region

4、 in recent years. While the region is diverse, we focus on the more developed economies, which provide considerable insight into the new terrain and emerging priorities in housing. There have been key events and trends i

5、n the last decade or so which have reshaped housing and socioeconomic conditions. The most notable of these has been the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997/98, which undermined economic growth and housing market stability. T

6、here is also the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 which again drove a drop in housing markets and GDP growth, notwithstanding a more rapid recovery in the region. There uneven economic growth and volatile market condition

7、s, engendered new socioeconomic problems which had not been experienced before. Housing markets began to feature large numbers of home owners with negative equity and increasing economic inequalities between different te

8、nures, types of property and cohorts of renters and owners. Meanwhile, imbalances between housing supply and demand, which had not proved so problematic under previous conditions, reacted to new economic realities. There

9、 are notable differences between countries in terms of the impact of the crisis. Japan, for example, was already well into a prolonged recession and China was relatively insulated when the crisis hit and house prices con

10、tinued to expand. The decade following the Asian Financial Crisis featured slow recovery in markets and house prices (with some exception in China and South Korea), but not a return to high speed economic growth. Conditi

11、ons of almost full employment, which had framed policy strategies before 1997, ebbed. Meanwhile, differences between rich and poor in each society, widened.Most East Asian countries and the large coastal cities of China

12、have now achieved the status of middle income nations with large middle-class urban populations. This has meant some realignment in the political and economic dynamics of development. Wealthier economies have become less

13、 concerned with ‘growth at all costs’ and more with maintaining the momentum of growth. Policy frameworks have been adjusted and both investment and growth rates receded while public provision, typically, expanded. Gover

14、nments no longer assume that markets will deliver growth or improve socioeconomic equity. The presumption now is that market forces must be managed to overcome market failures with states continuing to strategically guid

15、e economies. There is also more concern with managing the distributional outcomes of markets economies (Gill & Kharas, 2009, p. 191). In this issue, the dilemma faced by governments who have sought to expand market h

16、ousing, but have become occupied with compensating for market inequalities is covered in detail. Specifically, Ye, Song and Tian (2010) consider the emergence of social housing pol- icy in China and Chiu (2010) assesses

17、the long established social rental housing system in Hong Kong and scrutinises what lessons may applied (or not) to other contexts.The influence of global neo-liberalisation has essentially been tempered by the authority

18、 of developmental states and the necessity of policy adjustment. Governance in Asia Pacific has historically featured authoritarian regimes that have had considerable capacity to intervene in market processes, although t

19、he objectives and scale of intervention has adapted to changing economic conditions. However, another important feature of change in the region has been increased political contestation. In South Korea and Taiwan, for ex

20、ample, the 1990s and 2000s saw parties that had long opposed authoritarian regimes form governments of their own. Meanwhile, the Liberal Democratic Party, which has controlled Japan since the 1950s, finally gave way to a

21、 new government in late 2009. In these contexts welfare issues have become more prominent and political parties have rallied around them in order to muster electoral support (Peng, 2004). Shifts in housing policy landsca

22、pes across the region have consequently reflected the ostensibly contradictory influences of, on the one hand, in- tensified marketisation and commodification in order to stimulate economic growth, and on the other, the

23、growing need to provide more assistance for poorer households and to compensate for the uneven distributional effects of housing markets.Another increasingly salient factor in the housing policy sphere has been changing