2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語(yǔ)一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁(yè)
已閱讀1頁(yè)，還剩9頁(yè)未讀， 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、Designation:D1761?12StardTestMethodsfMechanicalFastenersinWood1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD1761thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevi

2、sion.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.ThisstardhasbeenapprovedfusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.INTRODUCTIONTheuseofwoodw

3、oodbasematerialsinmanystructuralotherapplicationsofteninvolvestheuseofmechanicalfastenerssuchasnailsscrewsboltslagscrewsconnects.Dataonthestrengthperfmanceofsuchfastenersarefrequentlyneededfdesignfcomparativepurposes.Tes

4、tsofmechanicalfasteners(exceptnailwithdrawal)havebeengenerallyregardedasspecialtestshavenotbeenincludedinthestardmethodsalreadyestablishedfevaluatingthepropertiesofwood.Manysuchspecialtestshavebeenextensivelyusedoveracon

5、siderableperiodbuthavenotpreviouslybeenestablishedasstards.Presentedherewitharemethodsofconductingtestsfnailstaplescrew(exceptmachinescrews)withdrawalresistancelateralloadtransmissionbynailstaplescrewbolttimberconnectloa

6、dtransmissionbynailplates.Theuseofstardmethodsfthesetestsisrecommendedasameansofobtainingcomparabledataofeliminatingvariablesintestresultsbecauseofvariationsintestingmethods.Thetestsappearinthefollowingder:SectionsNailSt

7、apleScrewWithdrawalTest1to12LateralNailStapleScrewResistanceTest13to20TestingBoltedTimberConnectJoints21to30Keywds31NAILSTAPLESCREWWITHDRAWALTEST1.Scope1.1Thesetestmethodsprovideabasicprocedurefevaluatingtheresistanceofw

8、oodwoodbasematerialstodirectwithdrawalofnailsstaplesscrews.Spikesareincludedasnailsinthisstard.1.2Thetestsalsoprovideabasisfdeterminingcomparableperfmanceofdifferenttypessizesofnailsstaplesscrewsindirectwithdrawalfromwoo

9、dwoodbasematerials.1.3Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyproblemsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatyl

10、imitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D143TestMethodsfSmallClearSpecimensofTimberD2395TestMethodsfDensitySpecificGravity(RelativeDensity)ofWoodWoodBasedMaterialsD4442TestMethodsfDirectMoistureContentMeas

11、urementofWoodWoodBasedMaterialsE4PracticesfFceVerificationofTestingMachines2.2OtherStards:FederalSpecificationFFW92fWashersMetalFlat(Plain)3ANSIB18.6.1AmericanNationalStardfSlotted1Thesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdiction

12、ofASTMCommitteeD07onWoodarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD07.05onWoodAssemblies.CurrenteditionapprovedNov.12012.PublishedNovember2012.iginallyapprovedin1960.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2006asD1761–06.DOI:10.1520D

13、176112.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromStardizationDocumentsderDesk

14、DODSSPBldg.4SectionD700RobbinsAve.PhiladelphiaPA191115098.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.2Thetestsshouldbesufficientlyextensivetoprovidereliableresults.Wher

15、eanalysisbystatisticalproceduresiscontemplatedexperiencesometimesadvanceestimatescanbeusedtoestablishthescopeoftestingtypeofsamplingneededtoachievetheexpectedreliability.NOTE2—Theprecisionrequiredthusthemannerofsamplingn

16、umberoftestswilldependuponspecificobjectives.Nospecificcriteriatherefecanbeestablished.Generalexperienceindicatesthatthecoefficientofvariationfromtestsoffastenersrangesfromabout15to30%.Whensuchisthecaseprecisionof5to10%w

17、ith95%confidence(anoftenacceptedgeneralmeasureofreliabilityftestingwood)cannotbeachievedwithoutmakingaratherlargenumberoftests.Thepresentrecommendationistomakeatleast10replicationsfeachvariableasaminimumrequirement.8.Tes

18、tSpecimen8.1NailStapleWithdrawal:8.1.1Fbasicwithdrawaltestsfromwoodthewoodprismshallbe2by2by6in.(51by51by152mm).Nailsofthetypeoutlinedin6.1.1staplesofthetypeoutlinedin6.2.1shallbedrivenatrightanglestothefaceofthespecimen

19、toatotalperationof11?4in.(32mm).Twofastenersshallbedrivenintoatangentialsurfacetwointoaradialsurfaceoneintoeachend.Endedgedistancesshallbesufficienttoavoidsplitting.Ingeneraledgedistancesshouldnotbelessthan3?4in.(19mm)en

20、ddistancesnotlessthan11?2in.(38mm)twofastenersshallnotbedriveninlinewitheachotherlessthan2in.(51mm)apartonradialtangentialfaces.Nailsshallbedrivenmanuallywithahammer.Staplesshallbeedwithanappropriatetoolasnearlyaspossibl

21、eperpendiculartothespecimensurfacewiththestaplecrownata45(610)angletothegraindirectionoftheprism.8.1.2Fbasicwithdrawaltestsfromwoodproductsthetestprismshallbeasinglethicknessofconvenientsizenotsmallerthan3in.(76mm)wide6i

22、n.(152mm)long.Nailsofthetypeoutlinedin6.1.1staplesofthetypeoutlinedin6.2.1shallbedriventhroughthewoodproductatrightanglestothefacepermittingatleast1?2in.(13mm)oftheshankptiontoremainabovethesurface.Nailsshallbedrivenmanu

23、allybymeansofahammer.Staplesshallbeedwithanappropriatetoolasin8.1.1butifthereisnodiscerniblegraindirectioninthewoodproductthestaplecrownshallbeientedata45(610)angletothelengthoftheprism.8.1.3Fdeterminingthewithdrawalresi

24、stanceofparticularsizesshapesofnailsstaplesinwoodwoodproductsthespecimenshallbeofconvenientsizetoaccommodatethequantityoffastenerstobetestedineachspecimenwithoutexceedingtheedgeenddistancesspacingsnecessarytoavoidsplitti

25、ng.Inwoodfastenersshouldbedrivento70%oftheirlengthinthinpanelwoodproductstheyshouldbedrivencompletelythroughthethicknesswithatleast1?2in.(13mm)oftheshankptionremainingabovethesurface.Thefastenersshallbedrivenbythemethodi

26、ntendedtobeusedinpracticethatiseithermanuallywithahammerwithanapplicatappropriatetoolifthisisthenmalmethod.8.1.3.1Ifthewithdrawalresistancemaybeinfluencedbythematerialthroughwhichthefasteneristobedriventhefastenershallbe

27、driventhroughthefastenedmember(cleat)intothefasteningmember.8.2ScrewWithdrawal:8.2.1Fbasicwithdrawaltestsfromwoodthespecimenshallbe2in.(51mm)wide6in.(152mm)longwithdepthatleastequaltothelengthofthescrew.Twoscrewsofthetyp

28、eoutlinedin6.2.1shallbethreadedintoleadholesatrightanglestothetangentialfacetoatotalperationequaltothelengthofthethreadedption.Endedgedistanceshallbesufficienttoavoidsplittingwhichingeneralwillbeatleast3?4in.(19mm)fromth

29、eedge11?2in.(38mm)fromtheendspacingwillbeatleast21?2in.(63mm).Thesizeoftheleadholeshallbe70%oftherootdiameterofthescrewfsoftwoodshardwoodsshallextend1?2in.(13mm)intothefaceofthespecimen.Thescrewsmaybecoatedwithparaffinwa

30、xothersimilarlubricantwhennecessarytofacilitatedriving.8.2.2Fbasicwithdrawaltestsfromwoodproductsthespecimenshallbe3in.(76mm)inwidth6in.(152mm)inlength.Thedepthofthespecimenshallbeatleastequaltothelengthofthescrewitmaybe

31、necessarytogluetogethertwomethicknessesofmaterialtoprovidetherequireddepth.Screwsofthetypeoutlinedin6.2.1shallbethreadedintothespecimenadistanceof2?3in.(17mm)atwidthatleast2in.(51mm)fromtheendofthespecimen.Thesizeofleadh

32、oleshallbe70%oftherootdiameterofthescrewitshallextend1?2in.(13mm)intothefaceofthespecimen.Thescrewsmaybecoatedwithparaffinwaxothersimilarlubricantwhennecessarytofacilitatedriving.8.2.3Fdeterminingthewithdrawalresistanceo

33、fparticularsizestypesofscrewsinwoodwoodproductsthespecimenshallbeofconvenientsizetoaccommodatethequantityofscrewstobetestedineachspecimenwithoutexceedingtheedgeenddistancesspacingsnecessarytoavoidsplitting.Screwsshallbet

34、hreadedintothespecimenfthelengthofthethreadedptionoftheshanktwothirdsoftheshanklengthifitisthreadedthroughout.Thesizeofleadholeifoneistobedrilledshallbe70%oftherootdiameterofthescrewfadistanceofonehalfofthescrewlength.8.

35、2.3.1Ifthewithdrawalresistancemaybeinfluencedbythematerialthroughwhichthescrewistobethreadedthescrewshallbethreadedthroughaheldmemberintotheholdingmember.9.Conditioning9.1Nailstaplescrewwithdrawaltestsarenmallymadeonseas

36、onedmaterial.Thewoodwoodproductwhetherkilndriedairdriedshallbestedinaroomhavingacontrolledtemperatureof2063C(6866F)acontrolledrelativehuityof6563%faperiodsufficientlylongtobringittoapproximateequilibrium.Thefastenersshal

37、lnotbedrivenuntilequilibriumisattainedinthewoodcomponent.9.2Whererequiredwithdrawaltestsmaybemadeondrierpartiallyseasonedunseasonedmaterial.Itmaysometimesbedesiredtoapplythefastenerstounseasonedmaterialallowthecompleteds

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 眾賞文庫(kù)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間，僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論