概念意義和關(guān)聯(lián)意義

1、GROUP NO.1（08英D）李金嬌陳雅萍郭麗君葉 慧張家貝,Lexical Meaning(詞匯意義）,Lexical Meaning(詞匯意義）,The lexical meaning of English words consists of conceptual（概念意義） meaning and associative meaning（關(guān)聯(lián)意義）.Conceptual meaning is the core

2、 of word’s meaning. It refers to the object directly and clearly. So it is also called referential meaning.,The difference and connection between conceptual meaning and associative meaning,When conceptual meaning is sett

3、led, this meaning is relatively stable and clear. It has relative stability .Associative meaning is the added meaning(附帶意義）of the word, including personal affections(感情色彩) and style meaning(文體意義）. It has to correspond

4、 personal understandings of the speaker. Associative meaning is very unstable, and can change easily according to the situation.,Examples,Father：父親Dad:父親，爸爸(informal)Daddy: often used by young childrenPapa: (old-fashi

5、oned), used by children to talk about and address their father The old man:某人的父親Male parent:男性家長(zhǎng)（formal) They have the same conceptual meaning ”father”, but their usages are different according to the differe

6、nt situations.,Examples,The same concept”傷害”.Injury：to harm yourself or sb. else physically, especially in accidents. e.g. In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured. Wound: an injury to part o

7、f the body, especially one in which a hole is made in the skin using a weapon. e.g. The soldier was badly wounded in the head. Hurt: less informal than injury, often used orally, referring to the physical harm.

8、 e.g. The girl fell off her bike, and one of her legs hurt.Harm: often used orally, physically or mentally, can cause upset e.g. Getting up early won’t harm you! 早起對(duì)你沒有害處!,Conceptual meaning,Words’ conceptual mean

9、ing is virtually the definition given by dictionaries. A word can be used to indicate not only the collectivity but also the individual. That’s to say, a word can has both the generic and specific reference.These are s

10、ome examples to demonstrate this point.,Hound refers to any dog in the past, but in modern English, it is used to express a special kind of dog.,Dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears,?,girl:

11、 young person of either sex young people of female sex,deer: any animal a particular kind of animal,meat: food

12、 edible part of an animalcorn: grain a particular grain,While we are learning a word, firstly we should have a mastery of its conceptual

13、 meaning, especially learning foreign languages. A word’s meaning can be quite different from what you guess it is. For example:Cooker is not a person who cooks but cooking utensil. Typewriter also doesn’t indicate a

14、 person but the device used for typing.,Many words only have conceptual meaning but no associative meanings,Examples: Statisticiann.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家；統(tǒng)計(jì)員Baileen.【法律】 (財(cái)物的) (保管) 受托人Steakhouse n. (專門供應(yīng)牛排的) 牛排餐館bedstead n.床架Be

15、dclothesn. 床上用品；鋪蓋,Many words only have conceptual meaning but no associative meanings, especially Scientific and Technical Terms：,Germicide n.殺菌劑Industrial Psychology

16、 工業(yè)心理學(xué)Astrionics 宇航電子學(xué)Guided Missile 導(dǎo)彈Aircraft Carrier 航空母艦Videophone 可視電話E-mail

17、 電子郵件,Some English words have several different conceptual meanings, i.e. Polysemy.,Polysemy 一詞多義Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural language

18、s that one word may have two or more senses or different meanings.,Example:,mechanicsn.1、力學(xué)；機(jī)械學(xué)2、[用作復(fù)數(shù)](機(jī)械等)結(jié)構(gòu)；構(gòu)成3、[用作復(fù)數(shù)]技術(shù)性細(xì)節(jié)；例行手續(xù)；例行方法BeautyBeauty is but skin deep. 美貌(抽象意義)She is a real beauty.

19、 美女(具體意義),When in speech, words not only can be used toConvey information,Describe and explain,Narrate,andShow attitudes,Express feelings, Give instructions etc.,Associative meaning：,Connotative meaning