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1、ExcavatedSedimentaryRockasGeopolymerPrecursMukundLahoti1KengKhangWong1EnHuaYang1KangHaiTan1LouisNgaiYuenWong11.SchoolofCivilEnvironmentalEngineeringNanyangTechnologicalUniversitySingape639798SingapeAbstractThispaperrepts

2、ontheusageofexcavatedsedimentaryrocksfromJurongRockCavernsinSingapeasaprecurstoproducegeopolymers.Therocksweretransfmedtopowderfminasequenceofstepsincludingtheuseofhammerjawcrusherballmiller.Therockpowderwasacterizedusin

3、gXraydiffractometry(XRD)scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)energydispersiveXrayspectroscopy(EDX)particlesizeanalyzer.XRDresultsindicatethattherockpowderishighlycrystallinewhiletheelementalcompositionfoundfromEDXshowshighamou

4、ntsofsiliconaluminumintherockpowder.Theextentofdissolutionofsiliconaluminumionsiginatingfromtherockpowderinalkalinesolutionwasmeasuredusinginductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometry(ICPOES)wasfoundouttobeverysma

5、ll.Thisindicatesthatiftherockpowderisnotusedincombinationwithanactivegeopolymerprecurssuchasmetakaolinitwouldbeaveryweakgeopolymericprecurs.Furtheranumberofgeopolymertestspecimenswerepreparedbyadditionofdifferentamountso

6、frockpowdertometakaolinmixingthemtogetherwiththesodiumsilicatesolution.Thecompressivestrengthsofthehardenedspecimensweretested.Experimentalresultsindicatethatthoughtherockbyitselfcannotparticipatemuchinthegeopolymerizati

7、onreactionbutitcanverywellactasafillerhighcompressivestrengthscanbeattainedbykeepingtheSiAlratioofthegeopolymermixcloseto2.0.iginalitySingapeistryingtodeveloptheJurongrockcaverns(JRC)fcommercialpurposesasaresultahugeamou

8、ntofrockshavebeenexcavated.Thesesedimentaryrockshaveanenmouspotentialtobeutilizedasabuildingmaterialinparticularfsynthesisofgeopolymers.Theserocksarerichinsiliconaluminumelementstheycaneitherserveasaprecurstopartingeopol

9、ymerizationasfillermaterialingeopolymers.Indeedgeopolymerscouldbesynthesizedusingtheserocks.Eventhegeopolymerswithrockcontentashighas67%metakaolin33%couldgainstrengthashigh79MPa.Thustheutilityofthesesedimentaryrocksfromt

10、heJRCasaningredientfgeopolymersynthesisisthefirstiginalityofthisresearch.SecondiginalityisrelatedtotheabilityoftheseJRCrockstoparticipateingeopolymerization.Infactitwasfoundusinginductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspe

11、ctrometry(ICPOES)thattheextentofdissolutionofthepowderedrocksinalkalinesolutionisverysmall.Thusiftherockpowderisusedaloneasageopolymerprecursitcannothardentofmgeopolymer.Butifusedinconjunctionwithapotentgeopolymericprecu

12、rslikemetakaolinitcanindeedserveasawellfittingfillermaterial.Keywds:geopolymerprecursfillerdissolutionamphous1Crespondingauth:Tel6567905291Fax6567910676Darkgreytoblack0.02~0.08Greytodarkgrey0.04~0.15Coursesiltstonefiness

13、toneIIIGreytodarkgrey0.06~0.2Greytolightgrey0.1~0.3Finetomediumsstone1IVGreytolightgrey0.1~0.4sstoneVGreytolightgrey0.07~0.5Finetomediumsstone2V1Figure1ClassificationofrocksbasedonthegrainsizecolTable3Classificationofthe

14、JRCrocksRocksampleno.StardsampleIDRockclassification1IFinesiltstone2IICoursesiltstone3IIICoursesiltstoneFinesstone4VSstoneFigure2Particlesizedistributionofrockthree2.3.ICPOESTheextentofdissolutionofrocksampleswasdetermin

15、edbymixing0.5gofeachsamplewith20mlofalkalinesolution(2510NofNaOH)atroomtemperaturef5hoursusingamagicstirrer.Aftercentrifugationfiltrationthesolutionpartwasdilutedto0.2Nalkalineconcentrationneutralizedby36%HCl.PerkinElmer

16、Optima8300wasusedtoanalyzethefilteredsolutions.2.4.XRDXrayDiffraction(XRD)datawasobtainedusingBrukerD8PowderXRDfeachrocksample.2.5.EDXEnergyDispersiveXrayspectroscopy(EDX)wasdonebyusingScanningElectronMicroscopyJEOLJSM63

17、60Atoidentifytheelementalcompositionofeachrocksample.2.6.SEMScanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)wasconductedusingathermalFESEM(JSM7600F)atmagnificationlevels50k25k.Thesampleswereovendriedmountedonstubcoatedwithplatinumlayerpr

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