監(jiān)管機構(gòu)的特別興趣分析區(qū)域漁業(yè)管理【外文翻譯】

1、外文翻譯ThisarticletestscapturetheybyanalyzingvotingbehavionU.S.RegionalFisheryManagementCouncils.Someseatsonthecouncilsarereservedfstatefederalagencyrepresentativesothersfpoliticalappointees.Thepoliticalappointeesprimarilyr

2、epresentspecialinterests(specificallycommercialrecreationalfishinginterests)asmallernumberofappointeesrepresentpublicinterests.Weuselogisticregressiontomodelthevoteofstatefederalagencyrepresentativesonthecouncilsasafunct

3、ionofthevotesofcommercialinterestsrecreationalinterestspublicinterests.Wefindevidencethatsomestateagenciesarecapturedbyspecialinterestsfromtheirstatesbutnotsystematicevidenceacrossallstates.Wefindthatstateagencyrepresent

4、ativesvotedwithcommercialinterestsfromtheirownstateinfiveofthesixteenstatesinoursamplewithrecreationalinterestsinthreestateswithbothspecialinterestsintwostates.Thesetenstatessupptthecapturehypothesistheothersixstatesdono

5、t.Wefindnoevidencethatfederalagencieswerecapturedonthecouncils.Weconcludethatthegubernatialdrivenappointmentprocessleadstocaptureatthestatelevelbypromotingvotingblocsamongstateagencyrepresentativesspecialinterestsfromtho

6、sestates.Federalagencyrepresentativesbycontrastarebetterabletomaintaintheirdistancefromstatelevelpoliticsonthecouncilstherebyenhancetheirabilitytovoteindependentlyonfisherymanagementmeasures.KEYKEYWDS:WDS:agencycapturere

7、gulatypolicynaturalresourcemanagementmarinefisheriespolicyRegionalFisheryManagementCouncilsWeanalyzevotingbehavionfouroftheeightU.S.RegionalFisheryManagementCouncilstotesthypothesesfromcapturethey.Thecouncilsmakeregulaty

8、recommendationsonavarietyofmarinefisheriesissueswithintheEconomicExclusionZone(i.e.alongtheentireU.S.coastlinefrom3to200milesouttosea).Theseissuesincludetotalallowablecatch(TAC)allocationofcatchamongusergroupsgearrestric

9、tions.Hencethecouncilsareregulatybodies.Weexaminevotesonmeasurestoconservefishstockstoseewhetherpublicagenciesarecapturedbyspecialinterests.Ourquestionis“Dostatefederalagencyrepresentativesvoteconsistentlywithcommercialr

10、ecreationalrepresentativesonthecouncils”Ifsothiswouldsupptcapturetheybydemonstratingthattheagenciesarealignedwithspecialinterestsratherthanwithpublicinterests.Despitethepopularityofthe“capture”metaphtherehasbeenrelativel

11、ylittlequantitativeevidencetosupptit.Ouranalysisprovidesmixedevidenceofcapture.WefindthatsomestateCommercefromeachgovern’snominationlistbutsignificantdeferenceisusuallygiventoeachgovern’spreferrednomineestherebyenhancing

12、theprobabilityofstateagenciesbeingcapturedbyspecialinterestswithinthosestates.Despitethesecritiquespreviousstudieshavenotyetanalyzedhowcouncilmembersactuallyvoteonmeasurestoconservefishstockswhetherstatefederalagencyrepr

13、esentativesonacouncilvotewithcommercialrecreationalinterests.Demonstratingcapturerequiresshowingthatstatefederalagencyrepresentativesvotesimilarlytocommercialrecreationalinterests.Iftheyvotesimilarlythenthecapturehypothe

14、sisissuppted.Weassumethatcaptureismelikelytooccuratthestatelevelthanatthefederallevelgiventheeconomicimptanceofmarinefisheriesinmost(butnotall)coastalstatesthedeferencegivenbyfederalofficialstogubernatialnominationsfcoun

15、cilseatsthetopdowninfluenceofgovernsonstateagencyrepresentatives.BycontrastweassumethatfederalagencyrepresentativesfromNMFSaremelikelytorepresentnationalinterestsincludingthediffusepublicinterestofenvironmentalprotection

16、.Weedfouroftheeightcouncilsoutofnecessitynotrompurposefulsampling.Whileallcouncilsarerequiredtorecdreptrollcallvoteswhenrequestedbycouncilmemberswhenmakingfinaldecisionsonfisherymanagementplansthecouncilsarenotrequiredto

17、recdhowindividualsvoteonallothermeasures.Onlyfourofthecouncils—theNewEnglGulfPacificNthPacificCouncils—recdedindividualvotesasamatterofpractice.Henceitisnotpossibletodiscernhowindividualmembersvotedonmostmeasuresontheoth

18、erfourcouncils.Giventhissamplingbiaswemustbecarefulwhengeneralizingthefindingstotheothercouncils.Twotypesofbiasesmightoccur.Oneispoliticalinthatthedecisionbyacounciltorecdindividualvoteswasdrivenbypoliticalreasonsthatmig

19、htbecrelatedwithvotingbehavi.Weassumehoweverthatvariationinrecdkeepingwaslargelyidiosyncraticbecausetherecdsfalleightcouncilswerekeptinawidevarietyoffmatswhichismeconsistentwithidiosyncraticstaffpreferencesthanpoliticalp