jsp技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介及特點(diǎn)文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文譯文</b></p><p>　　一．JSP技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介及特點(diǎn)</p><p>　　JSP（Java Server Pages）技術(shù)是由Sun公司發(fā)布的用于開發(fā)動(dòng)態(tài)Web的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)。它以簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)、跨平臺(tái)的特性，在眾多動(dòng)態(tài)Web程序設(shè)計(jì)語言中異軍突起，在短短的幾年時(shí)間里已經(jīng)形成了一套完整的規(guī)范，并廣泛的應(yīng)用在電子商務(wù)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中。在中國，J

2、SP現(xiàn)在已得到較為廣泛的重視，得到了良好的發(fā)展，越來越多的動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)站開始采用JSP技術(shù)。下面就對(duì)JSP及其相關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。JSP技術(shù)可以以一種簡(jiǎn)單而快捷的方法生成web頁面。使用JSP技術(shù)的web頁面可以很容易的顯示動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容。JSP技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)目的是為了構(gòu)造基于web的應(yīng)用程序更加簡(jiǎn)單和快捷，而這些應(yīng)用程序能夠與各種web服務(wù)器、應(yīng)用服務(wù)器、瀏覽器和開發(fā)工具共同工作。</p><p>　　JSP技術(shù)不是唯一的

3、動(dòng)態(tài)頁面技術(shù)，也不是第一個(gè)，在JSP技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前就已經(jīng)有幾種優(yōu)秀的動(dòng)態(tài)頁面技術(shù)了，比如CGI、ASP等。下面結(jié)合這些技術(shù)的介紹，講述動(dòng)態(tài)頁面技術(shù)的發(fā)展和JSP技術(shù)的誕生。</p><p>　　JSP的開發(fā)背景和發(fā)展歷史</p><p>　　在萬維網(wǎng)短暫的歷史中，萬維網(wǎng)已經(jīng)從一個(gè)大部分顯示靜態(tài)信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)變成對(duì)股票進(jìn)行交易和進(jìn)行購書操作的一個(gè)基本設(shè)施。在各種各樣的應(yīng)用程序中，對(duì)于能夠使用的基于

4、web的客戶端，看上去沒有任何限制。</p><p>　　基于瀏覽器客戶端的應(yīng)用程序比傳統(tǒng)的基于客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器的應(yīng)用程序多幾個(gè)好處。這些好處包括幾乎沒有限制的客戶端訪問和非常簡(jiǎn)化的應(yīng)用程序部署和管理（要更新一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，管理人員只需要更改一個(gè)基于服務(wù)器的程序，而不是成千上萬的安裝在客戶端的應(yīng)用程序）。這樣，軟件工業(yè)迅速的向著建造基于瀏覽器客戶端的多層次應(yīng)用程序邁進(jìn)。</p><p>　　這

5、些快速增長(zhǎng)的精致的基于web的應(yīng)用程序要求開發(fā)技術(shù)上的改進(jìn)。靜態(tài)HTML對(duì)于顯示相對(duì)靜態(tài)的內(nèi)容是很好的選擇；新的挑戰(zhàn)在于創(chuàng)建交互的基于web的應(yīng)用程序，在這些程序中，頁面的內(nèi)容是基于用戶的請(qǐng)求或者系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)，而不是預(yù)先定義的文字。</p><p>　　對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的一個(gè)早期解決的方案是使用CGI-BIN接口。開發(fā)人員編寫與接口相關(guān)的單獨(dú)的程序，以及基于web的應(yīng)用程序，后者通過web服務(wù)器來使用前者。這個(gè)方法有著

6、嚴(yán)重的擴(kuò)展性問題——每個(gè)新的CGI要求在服務(wù)器上新增加一個(gè)進(jìn)程。如果多個(gè)用戶并發(fā)的訪問這個(gè)程序，這些進(jìn)程將消耗該web服務(wù)器所有的可用資源，并且系統(tǒng)性能會(huì)降低到非常低下的地步。</p><p>　　有些web服務(wù)器開發(fā)商已經(jīng)嘗試通過為他們的服務(wù)器提供“插件”和API來簡(jiǎn)化web應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)。這些解決方法是與特定的web服務(wù)器相關(guān)的，不能解決跨多個(gè)開發(fā)商的解決方法的問題。例如，微軟的Active Server P

7、ages（ASP）技術(shù)使在web頁面上創(chuàng)建的動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容更加簡(jiǎn)單，但是也只能用在微軟的IIS和Personal Web Server上。</p><p>　　還有其他的解決方法，但是都不能使一個(gè)普通的頁面設(shè)計(jì)者能夠輕易的掌握。例如，像Java Servlet這樣的技術(shù)就可以讓使用Java語言編寫交互的應(yīng)用程序的服務(wù)器端的代碼變得容易。開發(fā)人員能夠編寫出這樣的Servlet，以接收來自Web瀏覽器的HTTP請(qǐng)求，動(dòng)態(tài)的

8、生成相應(yīng)（可能要查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫來完成這項(xiàng)請(qǐng)求），然后發(fā)送包含HTML或者XML文檔的相應(yīng)到瀏覽器。</p><p>　　二．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)介紹</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)庫（database,有時(shí)拼作data base）又稱為電子數(shù)據(jù)庫，是專門組織起來的一組數(shù)據(jù)或信息，其目的是為了便于計(jì)算機(jī)快速查詢及檢索。數(shù)據(jù)庫的結(jié)構(gòu)是專門設(shè)計(jì)的，在各種數(shù)據(jù)處理操作命令的支持下，可以簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)，檢索，修改和

9、刪除。數(shù)據(jù)庫可以存儲(chǔ)在磁盤，磁帶，光盤或其他輔助存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備上。</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)庫由一個(gè)或一套文件組成，其中的信息可以分解為記錄，每一記錄又包含一個(gè)或多個(gè)字段（或稱為域）。字段是數(shù)據(jù)存取的基本單位。數(shù)據(jù)庫用于描述實(shí)體，其中的一個(gè)字段通常表示與實(shí)體的某一屬性相關(guān)的信息。通過關(guān)鍵字以及各種分類（排序）命令，用戶可以對(duì)多條記錄的字段進(jìn)行查詢，重新整理，分組或選擇，以實(shí)體對(duì)某一類數(shù)據(jù)的檢索，也可以生成報(bào)表。 <

10、;/p><p>　　所有數(shù)據(jù)庫（最簡(jiǎn)單的除外）中都有復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系及其鏈接。處理與創(chuàng)建，訪問以及維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫記錄有關(guān)的復(fù)雜任務(wù)的系統(tǒng)軟件包叫做數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）。DBMS軟件包中的程序在數(shù)據(jù)庫與其用戶間建立接口。（這些用戶可以是應(yīng)用程序員，管理員及其他需要信息的人員和各種操作系統(tǒng)程序）。</p><p>　　DBMS可組織，處理和表示從數(shù)據(jù)庫中選出的數(shù)據(jù)元。該功能使決策者能搜索，探查和查

11、詢數(shù)據(jù)庫的內(nèi)容，從而對(duì)在正規(guī)報(bào)告中沒有的，不再出現(xiàn)的且無法預(yù)料的問題做出回答。這些問題最初可能是模糊的并且（或者）是定義不恰當(dāng)?shù)模侨藗兛梢詾g覽數(shù)據(jù)庫直到獲得所需的信息。簡(jiǎn)言之，DBMS將“管理”存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)，并從公共數(shù)據(jù)庫中匯集所需的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)以回答非程序員的詢問。</p><p>　　DBMS由3個(gè)主要部分組成：（1）存儲(chǔ)子系統(tǒng)，用來存儲(chǔ)和檢索文件中的數(shù)據(jù)；（2）建模和操作子系統(tǒng)，提供組織數(shù)據(jù)以及添加，刪除，維

12、護(hù)，更新數(shù)據(jù)的方法；（3）用戶和DBMS之間的接口。在提高數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的價(jià)值和有效性方面正在展現(xiàn)以下一些重要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；</p><p>　　管理人員:需要最新的信息以做出有效的決策。</p><p>　　客戶:需要越來越復(fù)雜的信息服務(wù)以及更多的有關(guān)其訂單，發(fā)票和賬號(hào)的當(dāng)前信息。</p><p>　　用戶:發(fā)現(xiàn)他們可以使用傳統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計(jì)語言，在很短的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)用數(shù)據(jù)

13、庫系統(tǒng)開發(fā)客戶應(yīng)用程序。</p><p>　　商業(yè)公司:發(fā)現(xiàn)了信息的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值，他們利用數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)先于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。</p><p>　　Struts-MVC的一種開放源碼實(shí)現(xiàn)</p><p>　　模型-視圖-控制器 (MVC)</p><p>　　JSP標(biāo)記只解決了部分問題。我們還得處理驗(yàn)證、流程控制和更新應(yīng)用程序的狀態(tài)等問題。這正是 MVC

14、發(fā)揮作用的地方。MVC通過將問題分為三個(gè)類別來幫助解決單一模塊方法所遇到的某些問題：</p><p>　　Model（模型） </p><p>　　模型包含應(yīng)用程序的核心功能。模型封裝了應(yīng)用程序的狀態(tài)。有時(shí)它包含的唯一功能就是狀態(tài)。它對(duì)視圖或控制器一無所知。</p><p><b>　　View（視圖） </b></p>&l

15、t;p>　　視圖提供模型的表示。它是應(yīng)用程序的外觀。視圖可以訪問模型的讀方法，但不能訪問寫方法。此外，它對(duì)控制器一無所知。當(dāng)更改模型時(shí)，視圖應(yīng)得到通知。</p><p>　　Controller（控制器）</p><p>　　控制器對(duì)用戶的輸入作出反應(yīng)。它創(chuàng)建并設(shè)置模型。</p><p><b>　　譯文原文</b></p>

16、<p><b>　　Eg1：</b></p><p>　　JSP Technology Conspectus And Specialties </p><p>　　The JSP(Java Server mix)technology is used by the Sun microsystem issued by the company to develo

17、p dynamic Web application technology. With its easy,cross-platform,in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards,and widely used in electron

18、ic commerce,etc.In China,the JSP now also got more extensive attention,get a good development,more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are brie</p><p>　　The JSP a simp

19、le technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages.Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applicati

20、ons easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server,the browser and development tools work together. </p><p>　　The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web techno

21、logy, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynamic web technology,such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technologies under dynamic web technology

22、, the development and the JSP. Technical JSP the development background and development history In web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network information static on stock transactions evolution to a

23、cquisiti</p><p>　　Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simp

24、lified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry i

25、s rapidly to build on the client browser multi-layer application. </p><p>　　The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements development of technical improvements. Static HTML to show relativ

26、ely static content is right choice, The new challenge is to create the interaction based on Web applications, in these procedures, the content of a Web page is based on the user's request or the state of the system,

27、and are not predefined characters. </p><p>　　For the problem of an early solution is to use a CGI - BIN interface. Developers write to interface with the relevant procedures and separate based on Web applica

28、tions, the latter through the Web server to invoke the former. </p><p>　　This plan has serious problem -- each new extensible CGI requirements in a new process on the server. If multiple concurrent users acc

29、ess to this procedure, these processes will use the Web server of all available resources,and the performance of the system will be reduced to extremely low. </p><p>　　Some Web server providers have to provi

30、de for their server by plugins "and" the API to simplify the Web application development. These solutions are associated with certain Web server, cannot solve the span multiple suppliers solutions. For example,

31、 Microsoft's Active Server mix (ASP) technology in the Web page to create dynamic content more easily, but also can work in Microsoft on Personal Web Server and IIS.</p><p>　　There are other solutions, b

32、ut cannot make an ordinary page designers can easily master.For example, such as the Servlet Java technologies can use Java language interaction application server code easier. Developers to write such Servlet to receive

33、 signals from the Web browser to generate an HTTP request, a dynamic response (may be inquires the database to finish the request), then send contain HTML or XML documents to the response of the browser.</p><p

34、><b>　　Eg2：</b></p><p>　　Database Management Systems</p><p>　　A database (sometimes spelled data base) is also called an electronic database , referring to any collection of data,

35、or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval , modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various dat

36、a-processing operations .Databases can be stored on magnetic disk or tape, optical disk, or some other secondary storage device.</p><p>　　A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in t

37、hese files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage , and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute o

38、f the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search , rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular</p>

39、;<p>　　Complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases .The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating ,accessing, and maintaining data

40、base records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.. (These users may be applications programmers, ma

41、nagers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.) </p><p>　　A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements form the database. This capability enables </p><p>

42、;　　decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague and/

43、or poorly defined ,but people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in res

44、ponse to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. </p><p>　　A database management system (DBMS) is composed of three major parts:(1)a storage subsystem that stores and retrieves data in files;(2) a mode

45、ling and manipulation subsystem that provides the means with which to organize the data and to add , delete, maintain, and update the data;(3)and an interface between the DBMS and its users. Several major trends are emer

46、ging that enhance the value and usefulness of database management systems; </p><p>　　Managers: who require more up-to-data information to make effective decision </p><p>　　Customers: who demand

47、 increasingly sophisticated information services and more current information about the status of their orders, invoices, and accounts. </p><p>　　Users: who find that they can develop custom applications wi

48、th database systems in a fraction of the time it takes to use traditional programming languages. </p><p>　　Organizations : that discover information has a strategic value; they utilize their database system

49、s to gain an edge over their competitors. </p><p><b>　　Eg3：</b></p><p>　　Struts——an open-source MVC implementation</p><p>　　Model-View-Controller (MVC)</p><p&

50、gt;　　JSP tags solved only part of our problem. We still have issues with validation, flow control, and updating the state of the application. This is where MVC comes to the rescue. MVC helps resolve some of the issues wi

51、th the single module approach by dividing the problem into three categories: </p><p><b>　　Model</b></p><p>　　The model contains the core of the application's functionality. The m

52、odel encapsulates the state of the application. Sometimes the only functionality it contains is state. It knows nothing about the view or controller. </p><p><b>　　View</b></p><p>　　T

53、he view provides the presentation of the model. It is the look of the application. The view can access the model getters, but it has no knowledge of the setters. In addition, it knows nothing about the controller. The vi

54、ew should be notified when changes to the model occur. </p><p>　　Controller</p><p>　　The controller reacts to the user input. It creates and sets the model.</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)

55、：</b></p><p>　　[1]Database Management Systems by Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math; 3rd edition (August 14, 2002) ISBN: 0072465638</p><p>

56、　　[2]Malcolm Davis. Struts——an open-source MVC implementation,IBM System Journal,2006</p><p>　　譯 文 要 求</p><p>　　1、譯文內(nèi)容必須與課題（或?qū)I(yè)）內(nèi)容相關(guān)，并需注明詳細(xì)出處。</p><p>　　2、外文翻譯譯文不少于2000字；外文參考資料閱讀量

57、至少3篇（相當(dāng)于10萬外文字符以上）。</p><p>　　3、譯文原文（或復(fù)印件）應(yīng)附在譯文后備查。</p><p>　　譯 文 評(píng) 閱</p><p>　　導(dǎo)師評(píng)語（應(yīng)根據(jù)學(xué)校“譯文要求”，對(duì)學(xué)生外文翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性、翻譯數(shù)量以及譯文的文字表述情況等作具體的評(píng)價(jià)）</p><p><b>　?。ㄒ笫謱懀?lt;/b>&