計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)畢業(yè)外文翻譯--jsp簡(jiǎn)介

1、<p><b>　　JSP簡(jiǎn)介</b></p><p>　　JSP(JavaServer Pages)是由Sun Microsystems公司倡導(dǎo)、許多公司參與一起建立的一種動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。JSP技術(shù)有點(diǎn)類似ASP技術(shù)，它是在傳統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)頁HTML文件(*.htm,*.html)中插入Java程序段(Scriptlet)和JSP標(biāo)記(tag)，從而形成JSP文件(*.jsp)。 &l

2、t;/p><p>　　用JSP開發(fā)的Web應(yīng)用是跨平臺(tái)的，即能在Linux下運(yùn)行，也能在其他操作系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　JSP技術(shù)使用Java編程語言編寫類XML的tags和scriptlets，來封裝產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁的處理邏輯。網(wǎng)頁還能通過tags和scriptlets訪問存在于服務(wù)端的資源的應(yīng)用邏輯。JSP將網(wǎng)頁邏輯與網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)和顯示分離，支持可重用的基于組件的設(shè)計(jì)，使基于Web的應(yīng)用

3、程序的開發(fā)變得迅速和容易。 </p><p>　　Web服務(wù)器在遇到訪問JSP網(wǎng)頁的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，首先執(zhí)行其中的程序段，然后將執(zhí)行結(jié)果連同JSP文件中的HTML代碼一起返回給客戶。插入的Java程序段可以操作數(shù)據(jù)庫、重新定向網(wǎng)頁等，以實(shí)現(xiàn)建立動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁所需要的功能。 </p><p>　　JSP與Java Servlet一樣，是在服務(wù)器端執(zhí)行的，通常返回該客戶端的就是一個(gè)HTML文本，因此客戶端只

4、要有瀏覽器就能瀏覽。 </p><p>　　JSP的1.0規(guī)范的最后版本是1999年9月推出的，12月又推出了1.1規(guī)范。目前較新的是JSP1.2規(guī)范，JSP2.0規(guī)范的征求意見稿也已出臺(tái)。</p><p>　　JSP頁面由HTML代碼和嵌入其中的Java代碼所組成。服務(wù)器在頁面被客戶端請(qǐng)求以后對(duì)這些Java代碼進(jìn)行處理，然后將生成的HTML頁面返回給客戶端的瀏覽器。Java Servle

5、t 是JSP的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，而且大型的Web應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)需要Java Servlet和JSP配合才能完成。JSP具備了Java技術(shù)的簡(jiǎn)單易用，完全的面向?qū)ο?，具有平臺(tái)無關(guān)性且安全可靠，主要面向因特網(wǎng)的所有特點(diǎn)。 </p><p><b>　　JSP技術(shù)的強(qiáng)勢(shì)</b></p><p>　?。?）一次編寫，到處運(yùn)行。在這一點(diǎn)上Java比PHP更出色，除了系統(tǒng)之外，代碼不用做

6、任何更改。</p><p>　?。?）系統(tǒng)的多平臺(tái)支持?；旧峡梢栽谒衅脚_(tái)上的任意環(huán)境中開發(fā)，在任意環(huán)境中進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)部署，在任意環(huán)境中擴(kuò)展。相比ASP/PHP的局限性是顯而易見的。 </p><p>　?。?）強(qiáng)大的可伸縮性。從只有一個(gè)小的Jar文件就可以運(yùn)行Servlet/JSP，到由多臺(tái)服務(wù)器進(jìn)行集群和負(fù)載均衡，到多臺(tái)Application進(jìn)行事務(wù)處理，消息處理，一臺(tái)服務(wù)器到無數(shù)臺(tái)服務(wù)

7、器，Java顯示了一個(gè)巨大的生命力。 </p><p>　　（4）多樣化和功能強(qiáng)大的開發(fā)工具支持。這一點(diǎn)與ASP很像，Java已經(jīng)有了許多非常優(yōu)秀的開發(fā)工具，而且許多可以免費(fèi)得到，并且其中許多已經(jīng)可以順利的運(yùn)行于多種平臺(tái)之下。 </p><p><b>　　JSP技術(shù)的弱勢(shì)</b></p><p>　?。?） 與ASP一樣，Java的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)正

8、是它致命的問題所在。正是由于為了跨平臺(tái)的功能，為了極度的伸縮能力，所以極大的增加了產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜性。 </p><p>　?。?） Java的運(yùn)行速度是用class常駐內(nèi)存來完成的，所以它在一些情況下所使用的內(nèi)存比起用戶數(shù)量來說確實(shí)是“最低性能價(jià)格比”了。從另一方面，它還需要硬盤空間來儲(chǔ)存一系列的.java文件和.class文件，以及對(duì)應(yīng)的版本文件。</p><p>　　JSP六種內(nèi)置對(duì)象：&

9、lt;/p><p>　　request, response, out, session, application, config, pagecontext, page, exception. </p><p>　　一.request對(duì)象：</p><p>　　該對(duì)象封裝了用戶提交的信息，通過調(diào)用該對(duì)象相應(yīng)的方法可以獲取封裝的信息，即使用該對(duì)象可以獲取用戶提交信息。&l

10、t;/p><p>　　二.response對(duì)象：</p><p>　　對(duì)客戶的請(qǐng)求做出動(dòng)態(tài)的響應(yīng)，向客戶端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　三．session對(duì)象</p><p>　　1.什么是session：session對(duì)象是一個(gè)JSP內(nèi)置對(duì)象，它在第一個(gè)JSP頁面被裝載時(shí)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建，完成會(huì)話期管理。</p><p>　　

11、從一個(gè)客戶打開瀏覽器并連接到服務(wù)器開始，到客戶關(guān)閉瀏覽器離開這個(gè)服務(wù)器結(jié)束，被稱為一個(gè)會(huì)話。當(dāng)一個(gè)客戶訪問一個(gè)服務(wù)器時(shí)，可能會(huì)在這個(gè)服務(wù)器的幾個(gè)頁面之間反復(fù)連接，反復(fù)刷新一個(gè)頁面，服務(wù)器應(yīng)當(dāng)通過某種辦法知道這是同一個(gè)客戶，這就需要session對(duì)象。</p><p>　　2．session對(duì)象的ID：當(dāng)一個(gè)客戶首次訪問服務(wù)器上的一個(gè)JSP頁面時(shí)，JSP引擎產(chǎn)生一個(gè)session對(duì)象，同時(shí)分配一個(gè)String類型的

12、ID號(hào)，JSP引擎同時(shí)將這個(gè)ID號(hào)發(fā)送到客戶端，存放在Cookie中，這樣session對(duì)象和客戶之間就建立了一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。當(dāng)客戶再訪問連接該服務(wù)器的其他頁面時(shí)，不再分配給客戶新的session對(duì)象，直到客戶關(guān)閉瀏覽器后，服務(wù)器端該客戶的session對(duì)象才取消，并且和客戶的會(huì)話對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系消失。當(dāng)客戶重新打開瀏覽器再連接到該服務(wù)器時(shí)，服務(wù)器為該客戶再創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的session對(duì)象。</p><p>　　四．a(chǎn)pl

13、ication對(duì)象</p><p>　　1．什么是application:</p><p>　　服務(wù)器啟動(dòng)后就產(chǎn)生了這個(gè)application對(duì)象，當(dāng)客戶再所訪問的網(wǎng)站的各個(gè)頁面之間瀏覽時(shí)，這個(gè)application對(duì)象都是同一個(gè)，直到服務(wù)器關(guān)閉。但是與session不同的是，所有客戶的application對(duì)象都是同一個(gè)，即所有客戶共享這個(gè)內(nèi)置的application對(duì)象。</p&

14、gt;<p>　　2．a(chǎn)pplication對(duì)象常用方法:</p><p>　　(1)public void setAttribute(String key,Object obj): 將參數(shù)Object指定的對(duì)象obj添加到application對(duì)象中，并為添加的對(duì)象指定一個(gè)索引關(guān)鍵字。</p><p>　　(2)public Object getAttribute(Stri

15、ng key): 獲取application對(duì)象中含有關(guān)鍵字的對(duì)象。</p><p><b>　　五．out對(duì)象</b></p><p>　　out對(duì)象是一個(gè)輸出流，用來向客戶端輸出數(shù)據(jù)。out對(duì)象用于各種數(shù)據(jù)的輸出。</p><p><b>　　六．Cookie</b></p><p>　　1.什

16、么是Cookie：</p><p>　　Cookie是Web服務(wù)器保存在用戶硬盤上的一段文本。Cookie允許一個(gè)Web站點(diǎn)在用戶的電腦上保存信息并且隨后再取回它。</p><p>　　舉例來說，一個(gè)Web站點(diǎn)可能會(huì)為每一個(gè)訪問者產(chǎn)生一個(gè)唯一的ID，然后以Cookie文件的形式保存在每個(gè)用戶的機(jī)器上。 </p><p>　　如果您使用IE瀏覽器訪問Web，您會(huì)看到所

17、有保存在您的硬盤上的Cookie。它們最常存放的地方是：c:\windows\cookies(在Window2000中則是C:\Documents and Settings\您的用戶名\Cookies )</p><p>　　Cookie是以“關(guān)鍵字key=值value“的格式來保存紀(jì)錄的.</p><p>　　2．創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Cookie對(duì)象，調(diào)用Cookie對(duì)象的構(gòu)造函數(shù)可以創(chuàng)建Cooki

18、e。Cookie對(duì)象的構(gòu)造函數(shù)有兩個(gè)字符串參數(shù)：Cookie名字和Cookie值。</p><p>　　Cookie c=new Cookie(“username”,”john”);</p><p>　　3． JSP中如果要將封裝好的Cookie對(duì)象傳送到客戶端，使用response的addCookie()方法。</p><p>　　格式：response.addC

19、ookie(c)</p><p>　　4．讀取保存到客戶端的Cookie,使用request對(duì)象的getCookies()方法，執(zhí)行時(shí)將所有客戶端傳來的Cookie對(duì)象以數(shù)組的形式排列，如果要取出符合需要的Cookie對(duì)象，就需要循環(huán)比較數(shù)組內(nèi)每個(gè)對(duì)象的關(guān)鍵字。 </p><p><b>　　JSP </b></p><p>　　Open C

20、ategory: WEB, JAVA, dynamic pages, the Knowledge Network </p><p><b>　　Contents </b></p><p>　　? JSP Profile </p><p>　　? JSP technology strength </p><p>　　? J

21、SP technology vulnerable </p><p>　　? JSP six built-in objects: </p><p>　　? JSP dynamic web site development and technology </p><p>　　JSP Profile</p><p>　　JSP (JavaServe

22、r Pages) is initiated by Sun Microsystems, Inc., with many companies to participate in the establishment of a dynamic web page technical standards. JSP technology somewhat similar to ASP technology, it is in the traditio

23、nal HTML web page document (*. htm, *. html) to insert the Java programming paragraph (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag), thus JSP documents (*. jsp). </p><p>　　Using JSP development of the Web application is cro

24、ss-platform that can run on Linux, is also available for other operating systems. </p><p>　　JSP technology to use the Java programming language prepared by the category of XML tags and scriptlets, to produce

25、 dynamic pages package processing logic. Page also visit by tags and scriptlets exist in the services side of the resources of logic. JSP page logic and web page design and display separation, support reusable component-

26、based design, Web-based application development is rapid and easy. </p><p>　　Web server in the face of visits JSP page request, the first implementation of the procedures of, and then together with the resul

27、ts of the implementation of JSP documents in HTML code with the return to the customer. Insert the Java programming operation of the database can be re-oriented websites, in order to achieve the establishment of dynamic

28、pages needed to function. </p><p>　　JSP and Java Servlet, is in the implementation of the server, usually returned to the client is an HTML text, as long as the client browser will be able to visit. </p&g

29、t;<p>　　JSP 1.0 specification of the final version is launched in September 1999, December has introduced 1.1 specifications. At present relatively new is JSP1.2 norms, JSP2.0 norms of the draft has also been intr

30、oduced. </p><p>　　JSP pages from HTML code and Java code embedded in one of the components. The server was in the pages of client requests after the Java code and then will generate the HTML pages to return

31、to the client browser. Java Servlet JSP is the technical foundation and large-scale Web application development needs of Java Servlet and JSP support to complete. JSP with the Java technology easy to use, fully object-or

32、iented, and a platform-independent and secure, mainly for all the characteristics of the In</p><p>　　JSP technology strength </p><p>　　(1) time to prepare, run everywhere. At this point Java bet

33、ter than PHP, in addition to systems, the code not to make any changes. </p><p>　　(2) the multi-platform support. Basically on all platforms of any development environment, in any environment for deployment

34、in any environment in the expansion. Compared ASP / PHP limitations are obvious. </p><p>　　(3) a strong scalability. From only a small Jar documents can run Servlet / JSP, to the multiple servers clustering

35、and load balancing, to multiple Application for transaction processing, information processing, a server to numerous servers, Java shows a tremendous Vitality. </p><p>　　(4) diversification and powerful deve

36、lopment tools support. This is similar to the ASP, Java already have many very good development tools, and many can be free, and many of them have been able to run on a variety of platforms under. </p><p>　　

37、JSP technology vulnerable </p><p>　　(1) and the same ASP, Java is the advantage of some of its fatal problem. It is precisely because in order to cross-platform functionality, in order to extreme stretching

38、capacity, greatly increasing the complexity of the product. </p><p>　　(2) Java's speed is class to complete the permanent memory, so in some cases by the use of memory compared to the number of users is

39、indeed a "minimum cost performance." On the other hand, it also needs disk space to store a series of. Java documents and. Class, as well as the corresponding versions of documents. </p><p>　　JSP s

40、ix built-in objects: </p><p>　　request, response, out, session, application, config, pagecontext, page, exception. </p><p>　　1. Request for: </p><p>　　The object of the package of i

41、nformation submitted by users, by calling the object corresponding way to access the information package, namely the use of the target users can access the information. </p><p>　　2. Response object: </p&g

42、t;<p>　　The customer's request dynamic response to the client sent the data. </p><p>　　三. session object </p><p>　　1. What is the session: session object is a built-in objects JSP, it

43、 in the first JSP pages loaded automatically create, complete the conversation of management. </p><p>　　From a customer to open a browser and connect to the server, to close the browser, leaving the end of t

44、his server, known as a conversation. When a customer visits a server, the server may be a few pages link between repeatedly, repeatedly refresh a page, the server should be through some kind of way to know this is the sa

45、me client, which requires session object. </p><p>　　2. session object ID: When a customer's first visit to a server on the JSP pages, JSP engines produce a session object, and assigned a String type of I

46、D number, JSP engine at the same time, the ID number sent to the client, stored in Cookie, this session objects, and customers on the establishment of a one-to-one relationship. When a customer to connect to the server o

47、f the other pages, customers no longer allocated to the new session object, until, close your browser, the client-server object t</p><p>　　四. aplication target </p><p>　　1. What is the applicati

48、on: </p><p>　　Servers have launched after the application object, when a customer to visit the site between the various pages here, this application objects are the same, until the server is down. But with t

49、he session difference is that all customers of the application objects are the same, that is, all customers share this built-in application objects. </p><p>　　2. application objects commonly used methods: &l

50、t;/p><p>　　(1) public void setAttribute (String key, Object obj): Object specified parameters will be the object obj added to the application object, and to add the subject of the designation of a keyword index

51、. </p><p>　　(2) public Object getAttribute (String key): access to application objects containing keywords for. </p><p>　　五. out targets </p><p>　　out as a target output flow, used

52、to client output data. out targets for the output data. </p><p>　　六. Cookie </p><p>　　1. What is Cookie: </p><p>　　Cookie is stored in Web server on the user's hard drive sectio

53、n of the text. Cookie allow a Web site on the user's computer to store information on and then get back to it. </p><p>　　For example, a Web site may be generated for each visitor a unique ID, and then to

54、 Cookie in the form of documents stored in each user's machine. </p><p>　　If you use IE browser to visit Web, you will see all stored on your hard drive on the Cookie. They are most often stored in place

55、s: c: \ windows \ cookies (in Window2000 is in the C: \ Documents and Settings \ your user name \ Cookies) </p><p>　　Cookie is "keyword key = value value" to preserve the format of the record. <

56、/p><p>　　2. Targets the creation of a Cookie, Cookie object called the constructor can create a Cookie. Cookie object constructor has two string parameters: Cookie Cookie name and value. </p><p>　　

57、Cookie c = new Cookie ( "username", "john"); </p><p>　　3. If the JSP in the package good Cookie object to send to the client, the use of the response addCookie () method. </p><

58、p>　　Format: response.addCookie (c) </p><p>　　4. Save to read the client's Cookie, the use of the object request getCookies () method will be implemented in all client came to an array of Cookie object

59、s in the form of order, to meet the need to remove the Cookie object, it is necessary to compare an array cycle Each target keywords.</p><p>　　問題為：高分 聘請(qǐng)SQLserver高手 誰幫我找一份 關(guān)于 SQL Server 2000的中文 以及英文翻譯，字?jǐn)?shù)最少300

60、0字該文章最后表明原文，英文翻譯一定要準(zhǔn)確，該文章一定要介紹關(guān)于SQL 技術(shù)＝＝的文獻(xiàn)答案：一、SQL Server關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫簡(jiǎn)介1、SQL Server是由Microsoft開發(fā)和推廣的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)（DBMS)，它最初是由Microsoft、Sybase和Ashton-Tate三家公司共同開發(fā)的，并于1988年推出了第一個(gè)OS/2版本。2、關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫（RDBMS)管理系統(tǒng)功能：》維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系；》保證數(shù)

61、據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的正確性；》當(dāng)出現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)故障的時(shí)候，將所有數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)到能夠保證一致行的某種狀態(tài)3、RDBMS:SQL Server，Oracle，DB/2,Sybase，Informix4、Non-RDBMS(File-based）：Foxpro，Access二、SQL Server 2000的版本1、SQL Server 2000常見版本有：》企業(yè)版（Enterprise Edition）支持所有SQL Server 2000<

62、/p><p><b>　　Struts</b></p><p><b>　　====</b></p><p>　　Apache Struts is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses

63、and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model-view-controller (MVC) architecture. It was originally created by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May, 2000. Formerly loca

64、ted under the Apache Jakarta Project and known as Jakarta Struts, it became a top level Apache project in 2005.</p><p>　　Design goals and overview</p><p>　　In a standard Java EE web application,

65、 the client will typically submit information to the server via a web form. The information is then either handed over to a Java Servlet which processes it, interacts with a database and produces an HTML-formatted respon

66、se, or it is given to a JavaServer Pages (JSP) document which intermingles HTML and Java code to achieve the same result. Both approaches are often considered inadequate for large projects because they mix application lo

67、gic with presentation </p><p>　　The goal of Struts is to cleanly separate the model (application logic that interacts with a database) from the view (HTML pages presented to the client) and the controller (i

68、nstance that passes information between view and model). Struts provides the controller (a servlet known as ActionServlet) and facilitates the writing of templates for the view or presentation layer (typically in JSP, bu

69、t XML/XSLT and Velocity are also supported). The web application programmer is responsible for writing th</p><p>　　Requests from the client are sent to the controller in the form of "Actions" defin

70、ed in the configuration file; if the controller receives such a request it calls the corresponding Action class which interacts with the application specific model code. The model code returns an "ActionForward"

71、;, a string telling the controller which output page to send to the client. Information is passed between model and view in the form of special JavaBeans. A powerful custom tag library allows it to read and w</p>

72、<p>　　Struts also supports i18n (internationalization), provides facilities for the validation of data submitted by web forms, and includes a template mechanism called "Tiles" which (for instance) allows t

73、he presentation layer to be composed from independent header, footer, and content components.</p><p>　　Competing MVC frameworks</p><p>　　Although Struts is a well documented, mature and popular

74、framework for building front ends to Java applications, it is facing new challenges from newer "light weight" MVC frameworks such as Spring MVC, Stripes and Tapestry. The new XForms standards and frameworks may

75、 also be another option to building complex web Form validations with Struts in the future.</p><p>　　The WebWork framework spun off from Apache Struts several years ago, aiming to offer enhancements and refi

76、nements while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. However, it was announced in December 2005 that Struts would re-merge with WebWork. WebWork 2.2 has been adopted as Apache Struts 2,

77、 which reached its first full release in February 2007.</p><p>　　Sun recently brought out a new addition to the Java platform, called JavaServer Faces (JSF). Aside from the original framework, the Apache Str

78、uts project also offers a JSF-based framework called Shale.</p><p>　　Other MVC frameworks that are not J2EE based include Ruby on Rails, WebObjects, Django, Catalyst, TurboGears, CakePHP, Symfony (for PHP),

79、Zend, Achievo ATK, and CodeIgniter (for PHP). Struts4php is a version of the Struts framework for the PHP web scripting language. Girders is a port of the Struts framework in C# for Microsoft .NET.</p><p>&l

80、t;b>　　===</b></p><p><b>　　中文</b></p><p><b>　　===</b></p><p>　　Struts 是 Apache軟件基金會(huì)（ASF）贊助的一個(gè)開源項(xiàng)目。它最初是 Jakarta項(xiàng)目中的一個(gè)子項(xiàng)目，并在2004年3月成為ASF的頂級(jí)項(xiàng)目。它通過采用 Jav

81、a Servlet/JSP 技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于Java EE Web應(yīng)用的 Model-View-Controller〔MVC〕設(shè)計(jì)模式的應(yīng)用框架〔Web Framework〕，是 MVC 經(jīng)典設(shè)計(jì)模式中的一個(gè)經(jīng)典產(chǎn)品。</p><p><b>　　MVC結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　在 Struts 中，已經(jīng)由一個(gè)名為 ActionServlet 的 Servle

82、t 充當(dāng) 控制器(Controller)的角色，根據(jù)描述模型、視圖、控制器對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的 struts-config.xml 的配置文件，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)視圖(View)的請(qǐng)求，組裝響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)模型（Model）。在 MVC 的 模型（Model）部分，經(jīng)常劃分為兩個(gè)主要子系統(tǒng)（系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)與改變數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)的邏輯動(dòng)作），這兩個(gè)概念子系統(tǒng)分別具體對(duì)應(yīng) Struts 里的 ActionForm 與 Action 兩個(gè)需要繼承實(shí)現(xiàn)超類。在這里，Struts

83、可以與各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的數(shù)據(jù)訪問技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起，包括Enterprise Java Beans（EJB）, JDBC 與 JNDI。在 Struts 的視圖（View） 端，除了使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的JavaServer Pages（JSP）以外，還提供了大量的標(biāo)簽庫使用，同時(shí)也可以與其他表現(xiàn)層組件技術(shù)（產(chǎn)品）進(jìn)行整合，比如 Velocity Templates，XSLT 等。通過應(yīng)用 Struts 的框架，最終用戶可以把大部分的關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在自己的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯（

84、Action）與 映射關(guān)系的配置文件（</p><p><b>　　發(fā)展歷程</b></p><p>　　在 Java EE 的Web應(yīng)用發(fā)展的初期，除了使用 Servlet 技術(shù)以外，普遍是在 JavaServer Pages (JSP)的源代碼中，采用 HTML 與 Java 代碼混合的方式進(jìn)行開發(fā)。因?yàn)檫@兩種方式不可避免的要把表現(xiàn)與業(yè)務(wù)邏輯代碼混合在一起，都給前

85、期開發(fā)與后期維護(hù)帶來巨大的復(fù)雜度。為了擺脫上述的約束與局限，把業(yè)務(wù)邏輯代碼從表現(xiàn)層中清晰的分離出來，2000年，Craig McClanahan 采用了 MVC 的設(shè)計(jì)模式開發(fā)Struts。后來該框架產(chǎn)品一度被認(rèn)為是最廣泛、最流行 JAVA 的 WEB 應(yīng)用框架。</p><p>　　2006年，WebWork 與 Struts 這兩個(gè)優(yōu)秀的Java EE Web框架(Web Framework〕的團(tuán)體，決定合作