外文翻譯---帶數(shù)控電路的開關(guān)電源（節(jié)選）

1、<p>　　5500漢字，4000單詞，2萬英文字符</p><p>　　Switching power source with a digital control circuit </p><p>　　A switching power source having a digital control system is provided. The switching power

2、 source includes a switching circuit 40 for switching an input power, an output circuit 50 for converting the switching output into a DC output, and a digital control 70. The digital control 70 is adapted to receive an o

3、utput voltage analog signal AS1 and an output current analog signal AS2, and to convert the signals AS1 and AS2 into digital signals. It further functions to calculate, based on the digital s</p><p>　　FIELD

4、OF THE INVENTION </p><p>　　The present invention relates to a switching power source arrangement. More particularly, the present invention relates to a switching power source arrangement including a switchin

5、g circuit for switching input electric power to produce an output of a pulsating wave form, the pulsating output produced by the switching circuit being then converted into a DC output, the DC output being monitored by a

6、 control circuit which is adapted to control the switching circuit so that a substantially constant </p><p>　　BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</p><p>　　In conventional switching power source arrangem

7、ent, it has been common to provide such control circuit with an analogue circuit. In this instance, the output voltage and the output current are detected in terms of analogue signals which are processed in the form of a

8、nalogue values, the results of the processing being used to produce control signals for controlling the switching operation.</p><p>　　In general, in switching power sources, operating modes of power converte

9、r circuit may be changed in accordance with changes in input voltage or load current. In this instance, it is required that a plurality of control algorithms be provided for the respective ones of the control modes, whic

10、h are appropriately selected to accomplish the most appropriate control. It should however be noted that the conventional switching power source including such analogue control circuit is designed to perform</p>&

11、lt;p>　　In a conventional switching power source having an LC filter and diode for eliminating ripple, there are produced two different operating modes, one being a continuous mode and the other a discontinuous mode, w

12、hich are produced depending on the value of the load current. It is common in a conventional switching power source utilizing an analogue control circuit to use, even under an operating condition wherein the inductor cur

13、rent is discontinuous, methods or sequences of signal processing which</p><p>　　A resonance type power source has been developed primarily for decreasing the switching loss in the switching power source arra

14、ngement. However, this technology is still in the process of development so that there is no available unified circuit system. Thus, there is no unified control algorithms in this type of power source for the respective

15、circuit systems and different control circuits are provided for different circuit systems. Thus, there are serious problems in an effort to provide a sta</p><p>　　A non-resonance type circuit system generall

16、y has a plurality of operating modes. Therefore, in order to provide a stabilizing control through an analogue circuit system, it is required to provide a plurality of control circuits for carrying out control algorithms

17、 for the respective ones of the control modes and selectively use one of these control circuits in accordance with the op-operating mode. However, in actual practice, this solution further involves a problem in that a co

18、mplicated contro</p><p>　　In a switching power source for a special use such as a battery charger, it is required to provide a constant current characteristic for providing a substantially constant output cu

19、rrent and a constant power characteristic for providing a substantially constant output power as well as a constant voltage characteristic for providing a substantially constant output voltage. In this instance, it is al

20、so required to provide a plurality of control algorithms for the respective ones of the operating m</p><p>　　In trying to perform a control based on the input voltage, the output voltage and the output curre

21、nt in a conventional switching power source having an analogue control circuit, it is required to provide detecting circuits for obtaining information on actual values of such input voltage, output voltage and output cur

22、rent. Particularly, in a power source arrangement having an insulation between the input and the output, it is required to provide insulations in certain portions of signal transmitt</p><p>　　As describe, in

23、 a conventional switching power source having a control circuit of analogue type, it is required to provide different hardware such as different circuits or circuit components in order to enable such selective use or cha

24、nge of the control algorithm. This will mean that hardware standardization will be seriously disturbed and as a result it necessary to produce a variety of products in a small quantity, so that there will be problems of

25、reduction in the design efficiency and produc</p><p>　　Further, as a matter of general consideration, it is necessary to take into account the relationship between the switching power source and the load dev

26、ice. It is common that the output of the switching power source be connected through a load line to a load device. In this instance, it is ideal that the voltage supplied by the switching power source be controlled in su

27、ch a manner that the voltage across the load terminals at the opposite ends of the load is maintained constant. However, in many</p><p>　　There may be several solutions for the problem. However, in the syste

28、m wherein the voltage at the output portion of the switching power source arrangement is controlled to be constant, none of them will be effective to provide a satisfactory control under a possible fluctuation of load. T

29、here is apparently a limit in solving such problems if the system utilizes a switching control by means of an analogue circuit.</p><p>　　The Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 2-74152 discloses a

30、switching power source having a digital control device adopted for controlling the switching circuit. The switching power source disclosed in this patent publication includes a switching circuit for switching an input el

31、ectric power and a smoothing circuit for smoothing the output of the switching circuit to provide an output, a digital controller being provided for controlling the switching circuit. The digital controller pro</p>

32、<p>　　The patent publication teaches for a switching power source including a digital control means of this type a technique for providing an appropriate control in response to fluctuations in the input voltage to

33、 the switching power source which may be produced when there are fluctuations in the output of a power source which is provided for supplying an input to the switching power source. More specifically, the patent publicat

34、ion recommends a structure wherein a plurality of processing formulas are</p><p>　　SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</p><p>　　It is one object of the present invention to provide a novel switching power

35、source arrangement which adopts a digital control system so that control algorithms can be readily selected in terms of software in accordance with operating modes.</p><p>　　Another object of the present inv

36、ention is to provide a novel switching power source which is capable of selecting control algorithms in accordance with operating modes but in which circuit complexity is not increased even with an increase in number of

37、the control algorithms.</p><p>　　A further object of the present invention is to provide a switching power source arrangement which can utilize a standardized hardware.</p><p>　　Yet a further ob

38、ject of the present invention is to provide a switching power source arrangement wherein the number of detecting circuits required for obtaining control commands can be decreased, the circuit structure can be simplified,

39、 and circuit components can be decreased in number.</p><p>　　In order to accomplish the objects set forth above, the switching power source arrangement in accordance with the present invention includes a swi

40、tching circuit for switching an input electric power, an output circuit for converting the output of the switching circuit into a DC output, and a digital control. The digital control receives as an input an analogue sig

41、nal of a voltage and/or current from the output circuit, converts the analogue signal into a digital signal, calculates a command valu</p><p>　　According to one aspect of the present invention, the output vo

42、ltage analogue signal and/or output current analogue signal is taken into the digital control in synchronism with switching cycles of the switching circuit at the same phase in each cycle of the switching operation, the

43、output voltage digital signal and/or output current digital signal being produced based on such analogue signal. The output current analogue signal may be produced based on current in any place in the output section. <

44、;/p><p>　　The interval of calculating the command value may be integral times of the switching cycle and the analogue signal is taken into the control at least once in every cycle of calculation of the command

45、value. In the switching power source, the output after smoothing in the smoothing circuit still has a certain extent of cyclical variations which correspond to the switching cycle of the switching circuit, however, any e

46、ffect of the cyclic variation can be minimized by utilizing the analogue signal </p><p>　　In another aspect of the present invention, the digital control includes a function of presuming power source input v

47、oltage and/or load terminal voltage in the load device based on the output voltage digital signal and output current digital signal. In accordance with this aspect of the present invention, it becomes unnecessary to prov

48、ide power source input voltage detecting means or load detecting means.</p><p>　　As described above, the switching power source arrangement includes a digital control for the switching control operation so t

49、hat any control algorism can be appropriately selected in accordance with the operating mode in terms of software. It should further be noted that any increase in number of control can be dealt with by means of software

50、so that it is possible to avoid circuits from becoming complicated. It should be pointed out that the digital control as described is effective to ensure </p><p>　　In accordance with the aforementioned aspec

51、t of the present, the power source input voltage information and/or load terminal voltage information is not obtained through detection by a detection circuit but derived form an information obtained through a presumptio

52、n based on the output voltage digital signal and output current digital signal. Such presumption is made possible by the adoption of the digital control system. Thus, it is possible to obtain an input voltage information

53、 without having a</p><p>　　A preferable mode of utilizing the power source input voltage information obtained through the presumption is to use, together with the output voltage digital signal and the output

54、 current digital signal, the power source input voltage information and/or load terminal information thus obtained through presumption as a factor for determining at least one command value for the switching frequency an

55、d on time or off time. The command value is then used to produce a control pulse which is supplied t</p><p>　　In the meaning of the present invention, to determine at least one of the switching frequency, on

56、 time and off time is intended to mean typically either of such cases wherein these factors are separately determined, both the switching frequency and the on time are determined, or the switching frequency and the off t

57、ime are determined.</p><p>　　Another way of using the power source input voltage information and/or load terminal voltage information obtained through the presumption is to determine the condition of the inp

58、ut voltage, for example, to detect a disorder of the power source input, and to determine the load terminal voltage on the basis of the load terminal voltage information, for example, to detect an overload condition. Whe

59、n it is determined that there is a disorder in the power source input, the output voltage digital sign</p><p>　　Other objects, arrangements and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from t

60、he following description of embodiments taking reference to the accompanying drawings.</p><p>　　BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</p><p>　　FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the

61、 switching power source arrangement in accordance with the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the switching power source arrangement shown in FIG. 1;</p><p>　　FIG. 3 is a

62、 block diagram showing a more specific embodiment of the switching power source arrangement in accordance with the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 4 is a flow diagram showing one example of a control sequen

63、ce in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating operation of the pulse generating portion of the switching power source arrangement in accordance w

64、ith the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the control sequence in accordance with one embodiment of the switching power source in accordance with the present invention;</p>&l

65、t;p>　　FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the control sequence in accordance with one embodiment of the switching power source in accordance with the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 8 is a block diagram showi

66、ng another embodiment of the switching power source in accordance with the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a further embodiment of the switching power source in accordance with

67、the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a still further embodiment of the switching power source in accordance with the present invention;</p><p>　　FIG. 11 is a block

68、diagram showing a still further embodiment of the switching power source in accordance with the present invention; and,</p><p>　　FIG. 12 is a diagram similar to FIG. 1 but showing an embodiment which is desi

69、gned to conduct a presumption of the load terminal voltage of the load device.</p><p>　　BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION</p><p>　　Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an electric circuit

70、for a switching power source arrangement in accordance with the present invention. The switching power source in accordance with the present invention includes a switching circuit 40 adapted for switching input electric

71、power to form an output of a pulsating waveform, an output circuit 50 adapted for converting the switched output of the pulsating waveform into DC power, and a digital control 70.</p><p>　　In the illustrated

72、 embodiment, the switching power source arrangement has input terminals IN1 and IN2 to which AC input power is applied. The AC input power applied to the input terminals IN1 and IN2 is passed through an input filter 10 t

73、o a rectifier smoothing circuit 20. The rectifying or smoothing circuit 20 includes a full wave rectifying diode 21 and a smoothing capacitor 22. The output from the rectifying or smoothing circuit 20 is applied to a swi

74、tching circuit 40.</p><p>　　The switching circuit 40 functions to effect an on-off control on the power supplied from the rectifying or smoothing circuit 20. The switching circuit 40 comprises a switching el

75、ement 42 comprised of a field effect transistor (FET) and a main transformer 41 adapted for connecting the on-off output from the switching element 42 with the output circuit 50. The switching element 42 has a drain whic

76、h is connected in series with one of the terminals of a primary winding 411 of the main transformer 4</p><p>　　The output circuit 50 is comprised of a rectifying or smoothing circuit which is adapted for pro

77、ducing an output by converting the pulse output supplied from the switching circuit 40 into DC power. The DC output V0 is supplied through output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 to the load Z. The output circuit 50 has a power l

78、ine which is connected with an output current detection circuit 60 for detecting output current I. For the purpose of obtaining a stabilized output, the output circuit 50 is comprised </p><p>　　The output fr

79、om the output circuit 50 is taken out as a voltage analogue signal AS1 and the output from the output current detection circuit 60 is taken out as a current analogue signal AS2, these signals being supplied to the digita

80、l control 70. The digital control 70 produces a control output which is supplied to the switching element 42 which constitutes the switching circuit 40. The switching element 42 functions to determine a duty factor which

81、 is a ratio of on time to off time in a switchi</p><p>　　The digital control 70 has inputs which receive the voltage analogue signal AS1 from the output circuit 50 and the current analogue signal AS2 from th

82、e output current detection circuit 60 and function to convert these analogue signals AS1 and AS2 respectively into digital signals. The digital control 70 then effects, based on the output voltage digital signal and the

83、output current digital signal thus obtained and on the input voltage information, calculation to determine a command value which d</p><p>　　In an operating mode wherein the input voltage information is used

84、for calculating the command value, a required input voltage information is obtained through a presumption based on the output voltage digital signal and the output current digital signal. It is possible to provide the di

85、gital control 70 with a function for detecting a disorder of the input voltage from the power source input voltage information. With this provision, it becomes possible to maintain an appropriate operation even un</p&

86、gt;<p>　　It should further be noted that the digital control 70 may be of such structure that the DC resistance value R0 of the load lines W1 and W2 can be entered as an external information and such entered DC re

87、sistance value R0 be changed. with this arrangement, it becomes possible to determine the DC resistance value R0 to be entered so that is corresponds to the actually used load lines W1 and W2 whenever load lines of diffe

88、rent lengths, different size and different resistance values are used to obt</p><p>　　The invention has thus been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, however, it should be noted that

89、the invention is in no way limited to the details of the embodiments but various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, the invention is limited solely by claims.</p>

90、;<p>　　帶數(shù)控電路的開關(guān)電源</p><p>　　配備一套帶數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開關(guān)電源。開關(guān)電源包含用于開關(guān)輸入電力的40開關(guān)電路一個，將開關(guān)輸出轉(zhuǎn)換成直流輸出的50輸出電路一個，以及70數(shù)控一個。70數(shù)控可用于接收輸出電壓模擬信號AS1和輸出電流模擬信號AS2，并將信號AS1和AS2轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號。該數(shù)控還可根據(jù)數(shù)字信號對指令值進(jìn)行運(yùn)算，以確定至少一個開關(guān)頻率以及主開關(guān)42的開閉時間。主開關(guān)42的運(yùn)

91、行按照指令值控制。電源輸入電壓或負(fù)荷終端電壓的相關(guān)信息可通過基于信號AS1和AS2的假設(shè)而獲得。</p><p><b>　　發(fā)明的領(lǐng)域 </b></p><p>　　本發(fā)明涉及一個開關(guān)電源的配置。具體地說，本發(fā)明涉及一個含有開關(guān)電路的電源開關(guān)配置，該開關(guān)電路用于開關(guān)輸入電力以生成一種脈沖波形的輸出；由開關(guān)電路產(chǎn)生的脈沖輸出被轉(zhuǎn)換成直流輸出，由控制電路監(jiān)控；該控制電路

92、可控制開關(guān)電路以保持穩(wěn)定的直流輸出電壓。確切地說，本發(fā)明屬于包含由控制電路組成數(shù)字電路的一種開關(guān)電源配置。</p><p><b>　　發(fā)明的背景</b></p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)開關(guān)電源配置的共同之處在于均提供帶有模擬電路的此類控制電路。在這種情況下，輸出電壓與輸出電流均按被處理為模擬值形式的模擬信號進(jìn)行檢測，處理結(jié)果可用于生成可控制信號，用于控制開關(guān)運(yùn)行。<

93、/p><p>　　通常在開關(guān)電源中，電力轉(zhuǎn)換器電路的運(yùn)行模式可以隨著輸入電壓或負(fù)荷電流的變化而改變。在這種情況下，就需要根據(jù)每種控制模式而配有多種控制算法，這樣就能選用合適的算法來實(shí)現(xiàn)最適合的控制。但需要注意的是，包含這種模擬控制電路的傳統(tǒng)控制電源被設(shè)計出來的目的，是根據(jù)硬件電路結(jié)構(gòu)主要對控制電路進(jìn)行信號處理；因此控制電路或硬件結(jié)構(gòu)因不同控制算法的緣故必須預(yù)先配備，以便從中選擇并根據(jù)運(yùn)行模式來使用，最終根據(jù)電力轉(zhuǎn)換器

94、電路運(yùn)行模式的變化從控制算法中做出選擇來實(shí)現(xiàn)最合適的控制。這就意味著必須配備多種硬件控制電路。因此，電路施工的結(jié)構(gòu)非常負(fù)責(zé)，實(shí)際效果也無法令人滿意。</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)開關(guān)電源帶有LC過濾器和二極管用于抑制波動，也產(chǎn)生了兩種不同的運(yùn)行模式：一種是連續(xù)模式，另一種則是非連續(xù)模式，二者的不同取決于負(fù)荷電流值。利用模擬控制電路的傳統(tǒng)開關(guān)電源是很常見的，甚至在信號處理的方法，順序與控制模式均在連續(xù)模式電感電流的運(yùn)行

95、條件下設(shè)計但實(shí)際運(yùn)行條件的電感電流卻是非連續(xù)模式時也可應(yīng)用。這是因?yàn)樵趯?shí)際情況中，若根據(jù)負(fù)荷情況而對信號處理的方法和順序進(jìn)行變更，是比較困難的，也會提高結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度和價格。當(dāng)電感電流為非連續(xù)模式時，輸出電壓及控制系統(tǒng)因其穩(wěn)定性會出現(xiàn)無法令人滿意的情況，因此控制模式會不合適。</p><p>　　有人開發(fā)了諧振型電源，主要作用是在開關(guān)電源配置時減少開關(guān)損耗。但是這種技術(shù)依然處于開發(fā)之中，所以沒有統(tǒng)一電路系統(tǒng)可用。

96、因此沒有統(tǒng)一控制算法能用于這種電源的各個電路系統(tǒng)，不同的控制電路有不同的電路系統(tǒng)。于是在設(shè)法配備由控制IC組成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化控制系統(tǒng)的過程中會出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的問題。</p><p>　　非諧振型電路系統(tǒng)通常有多種運(yùn)行模式。因此為了能提供通過模擬電路系統(tǒng)的一種穩(wěn)定控制，就需要提供多種控制電路，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)每種控制模式的控制算法并根據(jù)op運(yùn)行模式從控制電路中選擇一種使用。但是這種方案在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中還會涉及一個問題：需要復(fù)雜的控制電路。

97、</p><p>　　例如電池充電器這類有特殊用途的開關(guān)電源需要恒流特性，為了提供基本恒定輸出電力及恒壓特性以便用于基本恒定輸出電壓。在這種情況下，也要為每種運(yùn)行模式配備多種控制算法，因?yàn)槊糠N特性需不同的運(yùn)行模式。因此需要注意的是，需要為配有模擬型控制電路的開關(guān)電源配置為之前提到的每種控制算法提供多種控制電路并根據(jù)運(yùn)行模式而選擇其中一種使用。但是在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，這種配置有一個問題：正如諧振型電源的案例一樣，電路變得