電氣類外文翻譯---- 開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　外文資料譯文</b></p><p>　　THE DEVELOPMENT OF SWITCHING POWER</p><p>　　1955 United States Royer (GH.Roger) invented the transistor single push-pull oscillation transformer DC-

2、DC converter, frequency conversion control circuit to achieve the beginning of 1957, the United States Charles race (Jen Sen) invented the self-excited push-pull double transformer, in 1964 U.S. scientists have proposed

3、to abolish the frequency transformer switching power supply series idea, which is the power to decline in volume and weight were a fundamental way. To 1969 because of pressure </p><p>　　However, for more tha

4、n 1MHz frequency, resonant circuit to be used to make the switch voltage or current through the switch was a sine wave, this can reduce the switching losses, but also to control the occurrence of surge. This switch is ca

5、lled resonant switch. Current switching power supply of this very active, because this approach does not require substantial increase in switching speed can be reduced theoretically to zero switching losses and noise are

6、 small, is expected to be of a high-fre</p><p>　　Switching power supply direction of development is high-frequency, high reliability, low power, low noise, interference and modular. Oxygen material increase

7、scientific and technological innovation to enhance the high frequency and higher magnetic flux density (Bs) obtained a high magnetic properties, while the small capacitor is a key technology. SMT technology allows switch

8、ing power supply has made considerable progress, both sides of the circuit board layout components to ensure that the swit</p><p>　　For high reliability, the U.S. manufacturer of switching power supply by re

9、ducing operating current to reduce junction temperature and other measures to reduce the stress of the device makes the improved reliability of products. Modular switching power supply is the general trend of developmen

10、t can be composed of modular power distributed power systems can be designed to N +1 redundant power systems, and parallel way to achieve the capacity expansion. Switching power supply noise for the big ru</p><

11、;p><b>　　開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　1955年美國羅耶（GH.Roger)發(fā)明的自激振蕩推挽晶體管單變壓器直流變換器，是實現(xiàn)高頻轉(zhuǎn)換控制電路的開端，1957年美國查賽（Jen Sen)發(fā)明了自激式推挽雙變壓器，1964年美國科學(xué)家們提出取消工頻變壓器的串聯(lián)開關(guān)電源的設(shè)想，這對電源向體積和重量的下降獲得了一條根本的途徑。到了1969年由于大功率硅晶體管的耐壓提高

12、，二極管反向恢復(fù)時間的縮短等元器件改善，終于做成了25千赫的開關(guān)電源。 </p><p>　　目前，開關(guān)電源以小型、輕量和高效率的特點被廣泛應(yīng)用于以電子計算機(jī)為主導(dǎo)的各種終端設(shè)備、通信設(shè)備等幾乎所有的電子設(shè)備，是當(dāng)今電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)飛速發(fā)展不可缺少的一種電源方式。目前市場上出售的開關(guān)電源中采用雙極性晶體管制成的100kHz、用MOSFET制成的500kHz電源，雖已實用化，但其頻率有待進(jìn)一步提高。要提高開關(guān)頻率，就要

13、減少開關(guān)損耗，而要減少開關(guān)損耗，就需要有高速開關(guān)元器件。然而，開關(guān)速度提高后，會受電路中分布電感和電容或二極管中存儲電荷的影響而產(chǎn)生浪涌或噪聲。這樣，不僅會影響周圍電子設(shè)備，還會大大降低電源本身的可靠性。其中，為防止隨開關(guān)啟-閉所發(fā)生的電壓浪涌，可采用R-C或L-C緩沖器，而對由二極管存儲電荷所致的電流浪涌可采用非晶態(tài)等磁芯制成的磁緩沖器。</p><p>　　不過，對1MHz以上的高頻，要采用諧振電路，以使開關(guān)

14、上的電壓或通過開關(guān)的電流呈正弦波，這樣既可減少開關(guān)損耗，同時也可控制浪涌的發(fā)生。這種開關(guān)方式稱為諧振式開關(guān)。目前對這種開關(guān)電源的研究很活躍，因為采用這種方式不需要大幅度提高開關(guān)速度就可以在理論上把開關(guān)損耗降到零，而且噪聲也小，可望成為開關(guān)電源高頻化的一種主要方式。當(dāng)前，世界上許多國家都在致力于數(shù)兆Hz的變換器的實用化研究。</p><p>　　開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展方向是高頻、高可靠、低耗、低噪聲、抗干擾和模塊化。由于開

15、關(guān)電源輕、小、薄的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是高頻化，因此國外各大開關(guān)電源制造商都致力于同步開發(fā)新型高智能化的元器件，特別是改善二次整流器件的損耗，并在功率鐵氧體材料上加大科技創(chuàng)新，以提高在高頻率和較大磁通密度（Bs)下獲得高的磁性能，而電容器的小型化也是一項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。SMT技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使得開關(guān)電源取得了長足的進(jìn)展，在電路板兩面布置元器件，以確保開關(guān)電源的輕、小、薄。開關(guān)電源的高頻化就必然對傳統(tǒng)的PWM開關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，實現(xiàn)ZVS、ZCS的軟開關(guān)技術(shù)已成為

16、開關(guān)電源的主流技術(shù)，并大幅提高了開關(guān)電源的工作效率。對于高可靠性指標(biāo)，美國的開關(guān)電源生產(chǎn)商通過降低運(yùn)行電流，降低結(jié)溫等措施以減少器件的應(yīng)力，使得產(chǎn)品的可靠性大大提高。 </p><p>　　模塊化是開關(guān)電源發(fā)展的總體趨勢，可以采用模塊化電源組成分布式電源系統(tǒng)，可以設(shè)計成N＋1冗余電源系統(tǒng)，并實現(xiàn)并聯(lián)方式的容量擴(kuò)展。針對開關(guān)電源運(yùn)行噪聲大這一缺點，若單獨(dú)追求高頻化其噪聲也必將隨著增大，而采用部分諧振轉(zhuǎn)換電路技術(shù)，在