簡介：上海交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)對(duì)于項(xiàng)目管理的價(jià)值姓名張耿申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理指導(dǎo)教師劉欣20050101上海交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)對(duì)于項(xiàng)目管理的價(jià)值4點(diǎn)看自滅式終止這一現(xiàn)實(shí)存在違背了完全理性假設(shè)也被以往的項(xiàng)目管理理論所忽略3論文也討論了其他的一些項(xiàng)目管理問題如行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的直覺判斷理論提供給了一種決策的模式使我們在理解項(xiàng)目成員進(jìn)行日常決策時(shí)具有了一種獨(dú)特的視角這一理論盡管尚未成熟但是它所揭示的決策模式的現(xiàn)實(shí)普遍性使其具有一種重要的研究意義在實(shí)踐中一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)了直覺判斷啟發(fā)式認(rèn)知理論的項(xiàng)目管理人員相對(duì)地更不容易發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性偏誤用行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論考察投資回報(bào)率指標(biāo)和NVP指標(biāo)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)財(cái)務(wù)理論告訴我們的事實(shí)外不同的回報(bào)率指標(biāo)對(duì)于項(xiàng)目決策者的心理而言也具有十分微妙的差異行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的期望理論和心理帳戶理論均對(duì)于個(gè)體的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度有著獨(dú)特的見解根據(jù)這些理論項(xiàng)目成員的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度受到預(yù)期目標(biāo)是損失還是得益以及前期結(jié)果的損益性質(zhì)影響因此項(xiàng)目管理中的激勵(lì)機(jī)制會(huì)影響到項(xiàng)目組成員的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)態(tài)度進(jìn)而影響到整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的成敗與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的其他分支相比行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)算得上一個(gè)新生事物它是現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物其基本假設(shè)貼近現(xiàn)實(shí)用它來分析具體管理問題如項(xiàng)目管理問題時(shí)就具有了獨(dú)特的視角作為一個(gè)探索性的初步嘗試本論文是對(duì)于現(xiàn)有項(xiàng)目管理理論的一個(gè)豐富和補(bǔ)充關(guān)鍵詞行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)項(xiàng)目管理項(xiàng)目拖延項(xiàng)目終止方式啟發(fā)式認(rèn)知偏誤

簡介：同等學(xué)力申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位後旦大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文F772408學(xué)校代碼；10246學(xué)員號(hào)T002035001城市軌道交通的制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析THEANALYSISOFURBANMASSTRANSITFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFINSTITUTIONALECONOMICS院系專業(yè)姓名指導(dǎo)教師完成日期社會(huì)發(fā)展與公共政策學(xué)院人口、資源與環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)傅薺戴星翼教授2005年5月LO曰復(fù)旦大學(xué)碩士論文‘城市軌道交通的制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析ABSTRACTDEVELOPMENTOFURBANMASSTRANSITISBECOMINGONEOFTHEMAJORMETHO凼ADOPTEDTOADDRESSEVERINCREASINGCONGESTIONINTHEURBANAREAINTHEPROCESSOFMETROPOLISESEXPANSIONINCHINASTUDIESONTHEACTUALITYOFCHINA’SURBANMASSTRANSITFINDTHATTHEGOVERNMENTHASDONESOLELYANDWHOLLYTHEINVESTMENTINTHEMAJORITYOFINFRASTRUCTUREPROJECTSORPLAYEDADOMINANTROLEINIT，WHICHHASINCREASINGLYTURNEDTOBEABOTTLENECKAGAINSTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEWHOLESOCIETYITALSODEMONSTRATESTHATTHEREEXISTSALARGEOBSTACLEPREVENTINGPRIVATECAPITALSFROMENTERINGINTOINFIASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENTINTHEPRESENTINVESTMENTSYSTEMTHESYSTEMISASIGNIFICANTPRECONDITION，WHICHDECIDESRESOURCEALLOCATIONANDINCOMEDISTRIBUTIONINTHEECONOMICACTIVITYATPRESENTINFRASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENTINCHINAISLAGGINGBEHINDANDISNOTACCESSIBLETOPRIVATECAPITALSBEFORETHESEPROBLEMSCOULDBESWEPT，SUCHSYSTEMCONDITIONSMUSTBECREATEDASOPENINGMARKETINVESTMENTANDOPERATIONACCESSANDLOOSINGPRICECONTR01BESIDES，INVESTORS’RIGHTANDINTERESTMUSTBEDEFENDEDEFFECTIVELYTHEUNCLEARDELIMITATIONOFPRIVATEPROPERTYRIGHTINTHELEGALSYSTEMACCOUNTSFORTHELESSEFFECTIVEPROTECTIONOFINVESTORS’RIGHTANDINTERESTINTHEURBANMASSTRANSITSYSTEM，ITISLANDPROPERTYRIGHTSTHATSHOULDBEPROTECTEDACCORDINGTOCOASETHEOREM，ACLEARDELIMITATIONOFPRIVATEPMPERTYRIGHTISTHEPRECONDITIONOFMARKETTRANSACTIONANEXPLICITDELIMITATIONOFLANDPROPERTYRIGHTSISTHEPRECONDITIONOFTHEESTABLISHMENTANDMATURITYOFLANDMARKETITISADOMINANTFACTORINFLUENCINGTRANSACTIONCOSTS，DECIDESTHEINVESTMENTMODETOBEADOPTEDFORONEURBANMASSTRANSITSYSTEMANDINFLUENCESITSDEVELOPMENTANALYSISOFCHINA’SLANDPROPERTYRIGHTSSYSTEMANDCOMPARISONOFITWIMTHATINAMERICAATYPICALEXAMPLEOFLANDPRIVATEPROPERTYRIGHTSSYSTEM，DEMONSTRATETHEEXISTENCEOFMAJORPROBLEMSINTHEFORMERSYSTEMTHEPROBLEMSINCLUDETHEEFFECTIVEPERIODDETERMINEDBYLAWISRELATIVELYSHORTFORTHEBUYEROFLANDUSERIGHT；REGULATIONSONEXTENSIONOFTHEPERIODAREUNSPECIFIED；AUTHORITYOFLANDUSERIGHTOFURBANLANDISBLURRY；THEREAREDEFECTSINCONTROLOFLANDPLANNING；TRANSFEROFLANDUSERIGHTISEXCEEDINGLYLIMITED；HUGEOBSTACLESSTANDINTHEWAYOFTURNINGLANDFROMAGRICULTURALUSETONONAGRICULTURALPURPOSES；DISADVANTAGESEXISTINTHEPOLICYOFTRANSFERPAYMENTOFTHELANDITISPUTFORWARDINTHESTUDYTHATLANDPROPERTYRIGHTSSHOULDBEDEFINEDMORECLEARLYANDOVERCONTROLOFTHISFIELDFROMTHEGOVERNMENTSHOULDBEREFORMEDTHESEIMPROVEMENTSWILLBECONDUCIVETOELIMINATETHEHINDRANCEAGAINSTTHEACCESSOFPFIVATECAPITALINTOTHEINFRASTRUCTURE2

簡介：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文工程招投標(biāo)制度的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名李琨申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)國際貿(mào)易指導(dǎo)教師許文凱20050301人或一個(gè)企業(yè)的選擇受到其他人其他企業(yè)選擇的影響而且反過來影響到其他人其他企業(yè)選擇時(shí)的決策問題和均衡問題它還有個(gè)非常通俗的名字游戲理論即的直譯其字面意思就是在賭博下棋過程中參與游戲的雙方為了應(yīng)付對(duì)手常常要千方百計(jì)地計(jì)算思考以采取相應(yīng)的對(duì)策招投標(biāo)的整個(gè)過程其實(shí)就是投標(biāo)人與業(yè)主投標(biāo)人與投標(biāo)人等之間博弈的過程其中各投標(biāo)單位為博弈參與者各參與者的行為就是其投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)評(píng)標(biāo)辦法就是他們所遵循的博弈規(guī)則他們這些有著不同利益的主體在決策時(shí)相互影響和作用成為博弈中的各方由于各投標(biāo)方在決策時(shí)無法掌握對(duì)手全部信息不知道對(duì)手確定的決策而只能靠預(yù)測等方法制訂標(biāo)書即決策再由業(yè)主招標(biāo)方按照招標(biāo)文件中設(shè)定的方法和要求選出最后的優(yōu)勝者參與者的目標(biāo)就是盡可能的中標(biāo)且盡量使中標(biāo)后的獲益最大由于投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)時(shí)都是以密封的形式上交標(biāo)書相當(dāng)于同時(shí)行動(dòng)因此在正常情況下從博弈論的角度來看招投標(biāo)屬于較典型的不完全信息下的靜態(tài)博弈我們可以證明為了在投標(biāo)中取勝投標(biāo)者會(huì)根據(jù)自己的生產(chǎn)成本情況制定最有競爭力的標(biāo)價(jià)投標(biāo)者越多競爭越激烈投標(biāo)者的標(biāo)價(jià)會(huì)隨著投標(biāo)人數(shù)的增加而降低但是標(biāo)價(jià)不會(huì)低于他的生產(chǎn)成本特別地當(dāng)N趨于無窮時(shí)投標(biāo)人的報(bào)價(jià)接近于他的成本這就給出了招標(biāo)投標(biāo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義也就是說當(dāng)投標(biāo)者越多時(shí)競爭越激烈中標(biāo)結(jié)果就越對(duì)招標(biāo)人有利這也可以用來理解為什么國際競爭性招標(biāo)為大多數(shù)的國家政府和國際組織所推崇3尋租行為“尋租”這上概念由美國明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)教授安克魯格于1974年正式提出她在尋租社會(huì)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中說“在多數(shù)市場導(dǎo)向的經(jīng)濟(jì)中政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的管制比比皆是這些管制導(dǎo)致各種形式的租金以及人們經(jīng)常為這些租金而展開競爭在某些場合這種競爭是完全合法的在另一些場合尋租采取其他形式如賄賂腐敗走私和黑市”公共選擇理論的代表人物布坎南則把尋租定義為“指那些本可以用于價(jià)值生產(chǎn)的資源被用于只不過是為了決定分配結(jié)果的競爭尋租從總體上看沒有配置價(jià)值是一種純粹的社會(huì)浪費(fèi)”尋租活動(dòng)被稱為人類社會(huì)的“負(fù)和博奕“即一場就社會(huì)整體而言損失大于利

簡介：南開大學(xué)碩士研究生畢業(yè)學(xué)位論文跨國公司技術(shù)戰(zhàn)略的國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名劉美娜年級(jí)二OO二級(jí)專業(yè)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究方向現(xiàn)代資本主義導(dǎo)師張俊山教授南開大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)系二OO五年四月ABSTRACTALONGWITHTHEECONOMYGLOBALIZATION，MULTINATIONALCOMPANY掣OBALTECHNICALSTRATAGEMHASFELLUNDERMOREANDMOREATTENTIONOFTHEWORLDASMAINPARTOFTECHNICALADVANCEMENTANDSTRATAGEM，MULTINATIONALCOMPANYCONSEQUENTLYBROUGHTTHEECONOMYOFDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESTOITSGLOBALSTRATAGEMTHROUGHSTRATEGICADJUSTMENTANDS劬JCTURETRANSFORMATION丑地DEVELOPINGCOUNTRYISCOMPARATIVELYBEHINDHANDINTHEASPECTSOFSCIENTIFICRESEARCHANDTECHNOLOGYTHUSHASTODEPENDONTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYINTHETECHNOLOGYASPECTWHETHERCALLDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESKEEPUPWITHTHEADVANCEDCOUNTRIESINTECHNOLOGYASPECTDIRECTLYAFFECTTHEIRECONOMICDEVELOPLEVELSOITISVERYIMPORTANTFORTHEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESTOANALYZETHEIRTECHNICALRELATIONSHIPWITHTHEMULTINATIONALCOMPANYTHANTOFMDAFEASIBLETECHNICALADVANCEAPPROACHTODIMINISHTHETECHNOLOGYANDECONOMYGAPBETWEENTHEDEVELOPINGANDDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES刪SARTICLEISTOBSETHECENTERPERIPHERYTHEORYTOANALYZETHEMUTUALRELATIONSHIPBE柳EENMULTINATIONALCOMPANYANDDEVELOPINGCOUNTRY；THISISABREAKTHROUGHTOTRADITIONALMODELINONEASPECT，MULTINATIONALCOMPANYTRYTOMAINTAINANDREINFORCETHEIRTECHNICALCENTERSTATUS，BUTDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYISFORCEDINTOTHEPERIPHERYOFTECHNOLOGYTHEYARECONTRADICTORY；ATTHESATFIETIMENLEMULTINATIONALCOMPANYCAN’TDEVELOPWITHOUTTHEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYINTHEIRTECHNICALSTRATAGEM；THEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYHAVETOADOPTADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYFROMDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYALTHOUGHTHISARTICLERISETHECENTERPERIPHERYTHEORYTOANALYZETHETECHNICALSTRATAGEMOFMUKINATIONALCOMPANYBMDON’TCOMPLETELYACCEPTITSCONCLUSIONINTHEGLOBALIZINGWORLD，DEVELOPINGCOUNTRYSHOULDSTUDYTHEINTERNATIONALSITUATIONANDFINDAFEASIBLETECHNICALAPPROACHINTHEOPENINGINTERNATIONALCONDITIONTHEFIRSTPARTOFTHEARTICLEGENERALLYINTRODUCEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMULTINATIONALCOMPANYTHESTUDYANDRESEARCHINTHISFIELD，ASWELLASABRIEFINTRODUCTIONTOCENTERPERIPHERYTHEORYNLESECONDPARTOFSTATEDTHEMECHANISMCONNECTEDTHEDEVELOPEDANDDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMECHANISM，POINTEDOUTTHESYSTEMGUARANTEEOFTECHNICALEXPORTTHETHIRDPARTCOMPAREDTHEECONOMICSTMCTUREOFDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYWIMTHATOFDEVELOPINGCOUNTI％CONCRETELYSTATEDTHECONTENTOFMULTINATIONALCOMPANYTECHNICALSTRATAGEM111EFOURTHPARTPROPOSEDATECHNICALAPPROACHFORDEVELOPINGCOLLI蚰Y_抽DEPENDENTINNOVATION，THEEXAMPLEOFCHINAAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRYISAGOODCASETOSHOWTHEIMPORTANCEANDFEASIBILITYOFINDEPENDENTINNOVATIONINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYNEKEMELPARTISINCHAPTERTHREEANDFOULKEYWORDSMULTINATIONALCOMPANYDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYTECHNICALSTRATAGEM，CENTERPERIPHERYTHEORY

簡介：蕊大碩士研究生畢業(yè)學(xué)位論文姓名李曉義年級(jí)二零零二級(jí)專業(yè)數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究方向數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)理論與應(yīng)用Y85651論文題目軟件市場與軟件產(chǎn)品的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析一般應(yīng)用軟件的廠商策略導(dǎo)師鐘茂初教授完成日期2005年4月南開大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所二零零五年四月』唑型～ABSTRACTINTHISTHESIS，WETRIEDTODISCUSSTHEGENERALECONOMICALCHARACTERISTICSOFSOFTWAREPRODUCTIONANDTHECOMMONOPERATIONMECHANISMOFSOFTWAREMARKETTHROUGHTHEMATHEMATICALECONOMICALMETHODTHENWEGAVEADETAILEDANALYSISABOUTTHEPRICINGSTRATEGYOFGENERALLYAPPLIEDSOFTWARE，WHICHHAVETHEMOSTCOMPLICATEDMARKETSTRUCTUREATTHEEND，WEPRESENTEDAMOREREASONABLEFORECASTABOUTTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFTHEWHOLESOFTWAREINDUSTRYINTHEFIRSTPART，WETALKABOUTTHESOFTWAREPRODUCTION’SCOSTSTRUCTURENETWORKEFFECT，PATHDEPENDENCE，LOCKINEFFECT，STANDARDEFFECT，POSITIVEFEEDBACK，ETCONTHEBASISOFTHIS，WEDIVIDEDTHEWHOLESOFTWARECONSUMERINTOTWOGROUPSINDIVIDUALUSERSANDORGANIZATIONALUSERSINTHESECONDPARTACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICSOFCONSUMERTYPES，WESEPARATEDTHESOFTWAREPRODUCTIONSINTOTHREECATEGORIESINDIVIDUALUSERSCONSUMEDSOFTWARE，ORGANIZATIONALUSERSCONSUMEDSOFTWAREANDINDIVIDUAL。ORGANIZATIONALUSERSCONSUMEDSOFTWAREEACHCATEGORYHASITSCORRESPONDINGMARKETSTRUCTUREANDOPERATIONMECHANISMINTHETHIRDPART，WEBUILDMATHEMATICALMODELSTOARGUETHEPRICINGSTRATEGYOFGENERALAPPLIEDSOFTWAREUNDERTHEINFLUENCEOFPIRATEDSOFTWAREANDFREESOFTWAREINTHEEND，WESYNTHESIZETHEFORMERANALYZETODEVELOPASOUNDFUTUREOUTCOMEOFTHEWHOLESOFTWAREMARKETOUTCOMEKEYWORDSSOFTWARE，BUSINESSSOFTWARE，PIRATEDSOFTWARE，F(xiàn)REESOFTWARE，GENERAUYAPPLIEDSOFTWARE，PRICINGSTRATEGY

簡介：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文人民幣匯率改革的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名王必鋒申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)金融學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師丁志杰20050401這種不利影響過大則會(huì)使政府推遲匯率改革的時(shí)間文章根據(jù)我國當(dāng)前的實(shí)際情況從國際貿(mào)易銀行體系引進(jìn)外資和就業(yè)等角度分析人民幣匯率波動(dòng)主要從升值的角度對(duì)我國的影響從而分析人民幣匯率改革的合適時(shí)機(jī)在目前條件下匯率的大幅度變化對(duì)我國進(jìn)出口有一定的影響從長遠(yuǎn)看由于中國出口產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量的提高以及中國經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步告別短缺匯率波動(dòng)對(duì)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)出口的影響將呈現(xiàn)逐漸衰減趨勢對(duì)進(jìn)口的影響將呈現(xiàn)逐漸增強(qiáng)趨勢匯率劇烈變動(dòng)對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行有一定的影響考慮到中國國有商業(yè)銀行高比率的不良資產(chǎn)目前中國金融體系具有相當(dāng)大的脆弱性人民幣匯率升值會(huì)使國有商業(yè)銀行和其他商業(yè)銀行的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表出現(xiàn)一定程度的惡化流行的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為人民幣升值會(huì)增加國外直接投資的成本不利于吸引新的外商直接投資筆者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)階段來到中國的外資主要受到中國的廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力和中國巨大的潛在市場兩個(gè)因素的吸引因此從長遠(yuǎn)來看不會(huì)受到太大的影響至于就業(yè)人民幣升值不僅可能使出口受到影響而減少就業(yè)同時(shí)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)生不利影響進(jìn)而加速農(nóng)業(yè)人口向城市轉(zhuǎn)移加大我國本已較大的就業(yè)壓力文章還通過不可能三角模型分析說明中國應(yīng)該放棄單一釘住美元的匯率制度進(jìn)一步提升匯率的浮動(dòng)彈性完善人民幣匯率形成的市場機(jī)制第四部分提出人民幣匯率制度的改革方案退出釘住美元后中國不宜選擇中間匯率制度如釘住一攬子貨幣或爬行區(qū)間匯率制度作為過渡安排應(yīng)該在近中期進(jìn)一步完善有管理浮動(dòng)回歸真正的有管理浮動(dòng)匯率制度同時(shí)筆者認(rèn)為在開放經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下我國不但要制定和實(shí)施適當(dāng)?shù)娜嗣駧艆R率政策而且要加強(qiáng)匯率政策與其他經(jīng)濟(jì)政策之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)和配合同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)內(nèi)和對(duì)外均衡

簡介：重慶大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的信息經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析基于農(nóng)業(yè)銀行在成都地區(qū)某房地產(chǎn)貸款項(xiàng)目為例姓名張幫恒申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)金融學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師20050401重慶大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文英文摘要IIABSTRACTRECENTLYALONGWITHTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTOFOURCOUNTRYTHEINCREASEOFTHEINCOMELEVELOFINHABITANTSTHEDEMSOFREALESTATEAREINCREASINGQUICKLYREALESTATELOANSBUSINESSISALSOACEBUSINESSOFCOMMERCIALBANKITPLAYSAVERYIMPTANTROLEOFPROMOTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFREALESTATEINCREASINGBENEFITOFCOMMERCIALBANKITSELFBUTATPRESENTTHEBADNESSRATIOOFREALESTATELOANSFROMCOMMERCIALBANKSISGETTINGWSESUCHAWSETRENDNOTONLYINFLUENCESTHEWHOLEASSETQUALITYOFTHEBANKBUTALSOINFLUENCESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEWHOLEREALESTATEDIRECTLYTHISSTUDYISBASEDONTHEANALYSISOFCHENGDUAREAMAINLYFOCUSONTHEPRESENTSTATUSTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMSASWELLASTHEBADNESSRATIOINCREASINGOFREALESTATELOANSFROMCOMMERCIALBANKSBYAPPLYINGTHEGAMETHEYTHEIESCRELATIVEWITHECONOMICSOFINFMATIONCONSTRUCTINGTHEANALYSISMODELALSOCOMBININGWITHTHEREALOPERATINGPROCESSOFTHEREALESTATELOANSTHESYSTEMSANALYZINGABOUTTHERISKFMINGOFREALESTATELOANSFROMCOMMERCIALBANKISTAKENBYCOMBINGTHETHEYPRACTICEFURTHERMEDRAWINGLESSONSFROMCERTAINEXPERIENCESOFREALESTATELOANSFROMOVERSEASCOMMERCIALBANKSTHEKEEPAWAYMEASUREISBROUGHTFWARDCRESPONDINGTOTHEREALESTATELOANSFROMOURCOMMERCIALBANKSINPART5OFTHEPAPERTHEAUTHCHOOSESATYPICALEXAMPLETOCOMPLETELYANALYSETHEPROCESSOFLOANRISKOCCURRINGCONTROLTHELOANRISKTREATMENTMEANSEFFECTSRELATINGTHEEXAMPLEFACTSUMMARIZEEXPERIENCESLESSONSFTHELOANRISKMANAGEMENTTOBANKSSTINGONTHEMANAGEMENTOFTHEBANKCREDITAUTHADOPTTHERESEARCHAPPROACHOFTHEREALEXAMPLEQUOTETHECREDITCASEOFTHEREALEXPERIENCETOMAKETHETHEYTOCOMBINEWITHPRACTICALOPERATIONPROCEDUREOFTHEREALESTATEALSOMAKEINGITTOBEMUCHMEOPERATINGKEYWDREALESTATELOANS，CREDITRISK，THERELATIONOFBANKENTERPRISE，INFMATIONDISSYMMETRY，ECONOMICSOFINFMATION，GAMETHEY

簡介：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩十學(xué)位論文摘要反傾銷是針對(duì)傾銷的存在而實(shí)施的，是WTO允許其成員國用于保護(hù)國內(nèi)企業(yè)和市場，抵制進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品不正當(dāng)競爭的主要行政手段之一。但是隨著世界貿(mào)易竟?fàn)幍募觿?，反傾銷措施被許多國家最大限度地發(fā)揮甚至濫用，成為搞貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義傾向的工具。通過對(duì)反傾銷實(shí)質(zhì)、成因，以及其經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)的分析可以看出，反傾銷稅作為世界各國廣泛采用的反傾銷主要措施，在通過提高進(jìn)口價(jià)格限制進(jìn)口、對(duì)國內(nèi)進(jìn)口競爭產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用的同時(shí)，常常損害國內(nèi)消費(fèi)者福利，并且消費(fèi)者的福利損失通常大于反傾銷稅對(duì)本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的保護(hù)效應(yīng)，由此對(duì)進(jìn)口國的整體利益產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。加之反傾銷稅引致的貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)移效應(yīng)和直接投資效應(yīng)在一定程度上也降低了反傾銷稅的保護(hù)效果，導(dǎo)致反傾銷稅無法從根本上實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易保護(hù)的理性預(yù)期。作為一項(xiàng)貿(mào)易政策，反傾銷稅應(yīng)服務(wù)于發(fā)展本國經(jīng)濟(jì)，增進(jìn)國家整體福利水平，而非局限于保護(hù)進(jìn)口競爭產(chǎn)業(yè)。因此，慎用反傾銷稅這項(xiàng)措施，對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性作出判斷，是值得世界各國深入研究的問題。在分析反傾銷稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)，并對(duì)現(xiàn)行反傾銷稅率計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)現(xiàn)反傾銷稅率優(yōu)化界定的制約因素主要有進(jìn)口國消費(fèi)者的需求彈性、國內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)者的邊際生產(chǎn)成本以及非傾銷行為造成損害的特例情況等。政府在制定反傾銷稅稅率時(shí)應(yīng)該充分考慮上述因素，找到反傾銷稅的貿(mào)易保護(hù)作用、國內(nèi)消費(fèi)者福利乃至國家整體經(jīng)濟(jì)福利三者的均衡，使之最大限度發(fā)揮其經(jīng)濟(jì)正效應(yīng)。關(guān)鍵詞反傾銷稅效應(yīng)福利稅率哈爾濱T業(yè)人學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩卜學(xué)位論文THEGOVERNMENTSSHOULDFINDABALANCEDPOINTAMONGTRADEPROTESTINGEFECTOFANTIDUMPINGTAX,THEDOMESTICCONSUMERSWELFAREANDTHEWHOLECOUNTRYSECONOMICWELFARETOMAKEITSHOWITSECONOMICPOSITIVEEFFECTASPOSSIBLEKEYWORDSANTIDUMPINGTAXEFFECTWELFARETAXRATEIII

簡介：西北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文對(duì)壟斷條件下企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名許港申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師趙守國20050101中文摘要隨著我國加入WTO，中國企業(yè)面I臨著國外企業(yè)越來越強(qiáng)勁的競爭壓力。從國際市場的競爭趨勢來看，國際上的跨國企業(yè)正在不斷地加強(qiáng)企業(yè)上下游產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的整合，企業(yè)間的競爭已經(jīng)從原來的簡單的企業(yè)之間的競爭日益轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠髽I(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈之間的競爭。在這種情況下，如何有效的組織和管理企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈就成為影響一個(gè)企業(yè)市場競爭力的重要因素。產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈問題其實(shí)在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上已經(jīng)由來已久，科斯首先對(duì)這一問題進(jìn)行了探討，指出企業(yè)的邊界是由企業(yè)內(nèi)部的交易成本和外部的市場交易費(fèi)用所決定的。其后，又有許多杰出的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家沿著科斯所開創(chuàng)的道路繼續(xù)對(duì)企業(yè)邊界問題進(jìn)行研究。目前，主流的意見一般認(rèn)為企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式主要是由交易成本所決定。不可否認(rèn)，交易成本對(duì)于企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式的影響是非常重要的，但是就此判斷其為影響企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式的唯一因素卻有失偏頗。交易成本理論最大的問題在于它簡單的將產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)視為給定的，沒有考慮到產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的差異對(duì)于企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式的影響。為了解決這一問題，本文首先構(gòu)建了一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的分析框架，將產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和交易費(fèi)用都包含在內(nèi)，重點(diǎn)從產(chǎn)品差異和進(jìn)入壁壘的角度，運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)建模的手段來分析產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化對(duì)企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式的影響。從產(chǎn)品差異的角度來看對(duì)于需求彈性較大的產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品差異程度越大，企業(yè)越有可能采取縱向一體化的方式來組織企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈反之，產(chǎn)品差異程度越小，企業(yè)越有可能采取諸如二部收費(fèi)等契約的方式來組織企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。對(duì)于需求彈性較小的產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品差異化程度越大，企業(yè)越有可能采用二部收費(fèi)等方式來組織企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈；反之，產(chǎn)品差異化程度越小，企業(yè)越有可能采取縱向一體化的方式來組織企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。從進(jìn)入壁壘的角度來看當(dāng)企業(yè)處于價(jià)格競爭模式時(shí)，在固定成本的有效使用期限片以內(nèi)，企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式取決于固定成本的大小。固定成本越大，則企業(yè)越傾向于縱向一體化的方式，組織企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈；反之，則企業(yè)會(huì)傾向于二部定價(jià)法來組織企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈；如果企業(yè)處于數(shù)量競爭的模式時(shí)，當(dāng)固定成本支出在某一特定范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，在位企業(yè)會(huì)通過增加資本積累，提高企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)能力，來達(dá)到阻止?jié)撛谶M(jìn)入者進(jìn)入的目的。也意味著企業(yè)將選擇縱向一體化的方式組織產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。如果固定成本的支出超出這一范圍，考慮到阻止?jié)撛谶M(jìn)入者進(jìn)入的成本過大，在位企業(yè)可能會(huì)容納潛在進(jìn)入者的進(jìn)入。意味著企業(yè)可能會(huì)采取二部定價(jià)的方式組織產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。最后，結(jié)合中石油產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式的變遷進(jìn)行分析，從實(shí)證的角度對(duì)上述結(jié)論進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證?！娟P(guān)鍵字】縱向一體化二部定價(jià)法產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈組織模式交易成本進(jìn)入壁壘

簡介：973200學(xué)校代碼10254密級(jí)論文鳊號(hào)上海廖事夫?qū)WSHANGHAIMAR【TIMEUNIVERSITY碩士掌位論文MASTERDISSERTATL0N我國中小航運(yùn)企業(yè)紐建論文題目籃鎏虞塑壘些煎堡注莖金盤學(xué)科專業(yè)芒業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)作者姓名鄭禮指導(dǎo)教師張麗娟教授完成日期二OO五年六月ABSTRACTABSTRACTASTHEECONOMICGLOBALIZATION，THEDYNAMICTRENDOFMARKETANDTHEINDIVIDUALIZEDTRENDOFDEMANDAREOBVIOUSDAYBYDAY,SHIPPINGENTERPRISESFACEMOREOPPORTUNITIESANDMORECHALLENGES．ONONEHAND，SHIPPINGMARKETEXPANDINGUNPRECEDENTEDIYANDSHIPPINGDEMANDEMERGINGCONSTANTLYBRINGNUMEROUSMARKETCHANCESTOSHIPPINGENTERPRISES．ONTHEOTHERHAND，MARKETOPPORTUNITIESAPPEALFASTBUTLOSEPROMPTLY,SOTHEABIL耐OFRESPONSETOTHEMARKETANDDEVELOPMENTOFNEWPRODUCTSOFSHIPPINGENTERPRISESISDEMANDEDURGENTLY．ITBECOMESTHEKEYSTRATEGYHOWTORAPIDLYGETHOLDOFDYNAMICALLYCHANGINGMARKETOPPORTUNITIESFORTHEMANAGEMENTANDCOMPETENCEOFSHIPPINGENTERPRISES．BECAUSEOFTHEVARIETYOFTHESHIPPINGDEMAND，ITISNOTEASYFORTHEINDIVIDUALSHIPPINGENTERPRISETOPOSSESSMANYKINDSOFSUPERIORRESOURCESATTHESAMETIME，ESPECIALLYFORMIDDLEANDSMALLSHIPPINGENTERPRISES_WHICHHAVELESSSCALEANDINFERIORSTRENGTH．WHENLACKINGACERTAINKEYCAPABILITYUNDERSOMESPECIFICMARKETOPPORTUNITY,THEBESTMETHODISNOTPURCHASINGITFOREVEEBUTSEEKINGTHEPAWNERSWITHTHECAPABILITY,DRAWINGSUPPORTFROMEXTERNALSTRENGTHTOREALIZETHEOPTIMIZATIONOFOUTSIDERESOURCES．SOTHISTHESISPUTSFORWARDAKINDOFNEWCOMPETITIVESTRATEGYANDNEWMANAGEMENTTHEORYFORMIDDLEANDSMALLSHIPPINGENTERPRISESAIMINGATTHEMARKETOPPORTUNITY1。SHIPPINGVIRTUALENTERPRISE．‘THERESEARCHONTHESHIPPINGVIRTUALENTERPRISEISTHEINNOVATIONOFTHETHEORYOFCOMPETITIVESTRATEGYFORSHIPPINGMARKET，DEEPENSTHEIDEAOFCOOPETITIONANDBROADENSTHEWAYSTHATMIDDLEANDSMALLSHIPPINGENTERPRISESREALIZEMARKETOPPORTUNITYANDPARTICIPATEINMARKETCOMPETITION，WHICHHASREALISTICANDPEMPECTIVEDIRECTIVESIGNIFICANCEFORTHEMANAGEMENTOFMIDDLEANDSMALLSHIPPINGENTERPRISESINCHINA。FIRSTLY,THEFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEVIRTUALENTERPRISEISINTRODUCED，

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簡介：弋F772200飯旦大擎碩士學(xué)位論文院專姓經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的理性主義系經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)思想史名方欽指導(dǎo)教師馬濤教授完成日期2005年5月22日學(xué)校代碼學(xué)號(hào)102460220J3027ABSTRACTABSTRACTINTHISARTICLEWEDISCUSSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTANDNOTICEABLEGENEALOGIESINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMICTHOUGHTS，RATIONALISMINECONOMICSFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFECONOMICS，RATIONALISMISRESIDENTINTHESYSTEMOFECONOMICS；BUTALSOATTHESAMETIME，THECRITIQUESOFECONOMICRATIONALISMNEVERSTOPTHEREAREMANYDISCUSSIONSABOUTECONOMICRATIONALISM，BUTTHEREAREONLYFEWSYSTEMATICANALYSESONTHISTHESISANDMOREIMPORTANT，WEFINDTHEREISSOMEKINDOFCONFUSIONWHENECONOMISTSDISCUSSTHERATIONALISMTHEREFORE，F(xiàn)ROMTHEHISTORYOFECONOMICTHOUGHTSANDPHILOSOPHYCONCERNINGABOUTTHEREASON，RATIONALITYANDRATIONALISM，WESYSTEMATICALLYSTUDYTHEPROBLEMOFECONOMICRATIONALISM，ANALYZINGTHECHARACTERISTICS，THELIMITSANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMICRATIONALISMINTHEFRSTCHAPTERWEBRIEFLYREVIEWTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMICTHOUGHTSIN200YEARS，SEEINGTHECONTENTIONBETWEENRATIONALISMANDANTIRATIONALISMWETHINKITISNOTCOMPLETETODISCUSSTHISPROBLEMINECONOMICCATEGORIESWEHAVETOSEEKTHEMEANINGOFREASONANDRATIONALITYINPHILOSOPHYSOWEEXAMINETHECOMMONSENSEREASONING，F(xiàn)INDTHEREISN0INVARIABLEMEANINGTHENWECONCERNTHECLASSICMEANINGOFRATIONALITYWEEXPLAINTHEMEANINGOF“VERNUNFT”，ANDCLADFYTHERATIONALISMWHICHWEADVOCATECHAPTER3TURNSTOECONOMICRATIONALISMWETHILLKTHEECONOMICRATIONALISMISCOMPOSEDOFTWOPARTS，THEHYPOTHESISOFECONOMICRATIONALISMANDRATIONALMETHODOLOGYWEEXAMINETHERATIONALPARADOXES，BUTWEDONOTTHINKTHATMEANSTHEENDOFECONOMICRATIONALISMANDWETURNSBACKTOTHEHISTORYOFECONOMICTHOUGHTSINCHAPTER4，REVIEWLATESTDEVELOPMENTINECONOMICS，ANDPROVEOURASSERTIONINTHEPREVIOUSCHAPTERTHOUGHWEACKNOWLEDGETHEREISSOMEDEFICIENCYINECONOMICRATIONALISM，WEDEFENDFORTHEECONOMICRATIONALISMSOFINALLYWEREACHOURCONCLUSIONTHATWESHOULDINSISTAKINDOFPRUDENTIALRATIONALISMINECONOMICSKEYWORDSRATIONALITYRATIONALISMHYPOTHESISOFECONOMICRATIONALITYECONOMICRATIONALISM【CHINESELIBRARYCLASSIFICATIONF09132

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簡介：中南大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文國際直接投資的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析姓名張瓊燕申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)管理科學(xué)與工程指導(dǎo)教師李一智20050601堡主蘭堡塑莖LIABSTRACTTHETHEORYOFINTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTMAINLYINCLUDESMARX’STHEORYOFCAPITALOUTPUTANDINTERNATIONALLNVESTMENT’DIRECTINVESTMENTTHEORYOFECONOMISTSFROMWESTERNCOUNTRIESANDTHETHEORYOFDIRECTINVESTMENTIILFOREIGNCOUNTRIESINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES．INTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTHASBEENDEVELOPINGWITHUNDRECEDENTEDSPEEDANDSCALESINCETHE1980’S，WHICHPRODUCESPROFOUNDEFFECTSONTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTOTINVESTEDCOUNTRIES，HOSTINGCOUNTRIESANDEVENTHEWHOLEWORLD．ITPROMOTESTHEESTABLISHMENTANDDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALPRODUCTIONSYSTEM，SPEEDSUPTHETECHNIQUEPROGRESSOFTHEWHOLEWORLD，ACCELERATESTHEFLOWOFINTERNATIONALCAPITALANDTHEFORMATIONOFINTERNATIONALMONEYMARKET，ANDBOOSTSTHEFINANCIALINNOVATIONANDFINANCIALDEEPENINGOFTHEWORLD，WHICHHASPLAYEDANIMPORTANTROLEINFINANCINGCAPITALINMANYCOUNTRIESINTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTMAINLYPRESENTSTHEFOLLOWINGCHARACTERISTICSITISGROWINGWITHRAPIDSPEEDANDTHEINVESTMENTSCALEISEXPANDING；THEMAINSOURCEOFCAPITALISFROMDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESWHILEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRY’SDIRECTINVESTMENTTOFOREIGNCOUNTRIESDEVELOPSRAPIDLY；INTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTCHIEFLYFLOWSINTODEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES；THEDEPARTMENTALSTRUCTUREOFINTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTUPGRADESFURTHER，WITHTHESERVICEINDUSTRYTHEN0．1．INTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTENTERSTHEMARKETOFINVESTEDCOUNTRIESINTWOWAYSNEWCONSTRUCTIONOTINVESTMENTANDCROSSBORDERMERGERSANDACQULSMONS．SINCETHEMIDDLEOF1980’S，CROSSBORDERMERGERSANDACQUISITIONSHASDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY，ANDBECOMESINTOTHEMAINWAYOFINTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENT．INTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTINFLUENCESGREATLYONINVESTEDCOUNTRIES’ECONOMYWITHTHEEFFECTOFINTERNATIONALINCOMEANDEXPENSE，THEEFFECTOFINDUSTRYMOTIVATIONANDTHECHANGEOFINDUSTRIALSTRUCTURE，THEEFFECTOFEMPLOYMENTANDSOURCEALLOCATION．INTERNATIONALDIRECTINVESTMENTCANINCREASETHEII

簡介：。Y蚋／3354固≤J舅．|I。_|豢學(xué)CYCLE。10254、I．。。毒商黟事走學(xué)I疊0’頌士學(xué)位論文MASTERDISSERTATION’J．一J一一。TLR4。。冉每，。論文題A孝莖萋塾籃蘭拳．學(xué)科專業(yè)．．奎鹽堂作者姓名．．堡堅(jiān)指導(dǎo)教師一金煎堡到塹撞完成日期二___蘭QQ墨芏查旦麟會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的信息經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析與研究ABSTRACTINTHECAPITALMARKETWHICHBECOMESMOREANDMOREPERECTANDDEVELOPED，F(xiàn)INANCIALACCOUNUNGANDSTATEMENTSPLAYAMOREIMPORTANTROLEANDFACESTRONGERCHALLENGES．FINANCIALINFORMATIONTHATENTERPRISESPROVIDEBECOMESVERYCOMPLETEDTHECOMPLEXITYOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONCOMESFROMTHEFACTTHATACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONISAPARTICULARKINDOFPRODUCT．ACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONISVERYIMPORTANTTOUSERSOFACCOUNTINGSTATEMENTSANDSUPERVISORSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATION．WHETHERACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONISTRUEISRATHERVITALTOTHEHEALTHYDEVELOPMENTOFCAPITALMARKET．ACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSWHICHSTANDARDIZEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONANDTHEPLANNINGANDENFORCEMENTOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSVITALLYREGULATETHEPREPARATIONANDREPORTINGOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATION．ACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSREGULATETHEPASSINGOFINFORMATIONINCAPITALMARKETANDSTANDARDIZETHECOMMUNICATIONPROCESSBETWEENENTERPRISESANDINVESTORS．THEPREPARATIONOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSINEVERYCOUNTRYORAREAISAGAMERESULTANDINTERESTCOMPROMISEBETWEENINVESTOMANDENTERPDSES．FORMERRESEARCHONACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSATTACHEDMOREIMPORTANCEUPONACCOUNTINGPOLICIESANDCONNECTEDPLANNINGOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSINTOACCOUNTINGPOLICIES．ANDANALYSISONACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSSELDOMCOMBINESTHEMWITHOTHERBRANCHESOFECONOMY．FURTHERMORE，ANALYSISONACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSISLIMITEDINTHERESPECTOFMACROECONOMY．FORMERRESEARCHHARDLYSYSTEMATICALLYEXPLAINSTHEREASONS，SPECIFICPROCESSING，PARTICULARRESULTSOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSANDRELEVANTPLANNINGPROCEDURE．THEAUTHORWILLMAKEACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSJNTHEFRAMEWORKOFJNFORMA日ONECONOMYANDUSEASYMMETRICINFORMATIONMARKETTHEORYTOSYSTEMATICALLYANALYZEACCOUNTINGSTANDARDS．INTHESAMETIME，THEAUTHORWILIMAKEFURTHERRESEARCHONTHEPREPARATIONANDINFLUENCEOFTHEPLANNINGPROCEDUREOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSFROMASPECIALANGLE，ANDSUGGESTTHATTHEPLANNINGPROCEDUREOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSISAPROCESSWHICHBALANCESTHEJNTERESTSOFDIFFERENTPARTICIPANTS．ANDTHEAUTHORWILLMAKETHEPROBLEMOFACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBASISINTHEFR￡U11EWORKOFINFORMATIONECONOMYTANDREGARDACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSASAKINDOFCONTRACTTOSTUDYACCOUNANGSTANDARDSBASISBYPERFECTCONTRACTTHEORY．THECONCLUSIONISTHATACCOUNTING2