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簡介：華東政法學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位論文專制權(quán)力與憲政自由憲政視角下的澳大利亞殖民史姓名趙丹申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)法律史指導(dǎo)教師周偉文20050420制權(quán)力、爭取自由權(quán)利是澳大利亞殖民地立憲史的主要特征。在方法上，本文排斥理論先行的做法，避免那種宰割史實以迎合論題的弊病，重在分析法律史料判例、文件、事件等，從史料中得出結(jié)論。在歷史事件自然序列的基礎(chǔ)上，運用權(quán)力制衡的憲政思想和法律經(jīng)濟學(xué)的相關(guān)思想，探求法律制度變遷的規(guī)律性。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于，緊緊聯(lián)系英國威斯敏斯特體系，以保證題目所言的“憲政視角”并非筆者個人的先入之見。因此，本文的憲政視角是客觀的，不僅僅是一個理論標準。在保證了方法的客觀性之后，本文得出了一些結(jié)論一、私人自由經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展對澳洲憲政是一個非常重要的推動力；二、民眾爭取自由權(quán)利的意愿是澳洲憲政自始至終的動力；三、人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)的大變遷是澳洲憲政得以建立的必要條件。因此，在本文看來憲政自由就是兩個方面的權(quán)利一是公民的自由權(quán)利；一是發(fā)展私人自由經(jīng)濟的權(quán)利，而獲得這兩個權(quán)利的途徑是限制專制權(quán)力。這就是本文通過考察澳大利亞立憲史得出的關(guān)于憲政的認識。關(guān)鍵詞威斯敏斯特體系總督制流放制勞動指派制系統(tǒng)化殖民理論“移民熱”“淘金熱”盎格魯一澳大利亞普通法殖民區(qū)憲法責(zé)任政府運動澳大利亞聯(lián)邦憲法

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簡介：Y9531‘4學(xué)校代碼10246學(xué)號022017046中國一拉丁美洲的關(guān)系拉丁美洲被迫爭取最大利益院系所國際關(guān)系與公共事務(wù)學(xué)院專姓業(yè)名國際政治塞沙拉指導(dǎo)教師唐賢興副教授完成日期2006年5月19日文擎論大位曰～攥飪士頤我認為，如果那樣的話，拉丁美洲對中國會有全新的認識，會越來越積極，越來越真實同時，拉丁美洲在雙方關(guān)系中所表現(xiàn)的真誠和友善也為長遠的合作奠定了結(jié)實的基礎(chǔ)。2

簡介：浙江師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文關(guān)于中學(xué)歷史中科技史教學(xué)的探討姓名林毅申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)學(xué)科教學(xué)（歷史）指導(dǎo)教師桂棲鵬20071201史使命感和科學(xué)精神教育；同時在方法上多采用情景教學(xué)和比較教學(xué)，重塑歷史形象、提高歷史事件的信度，使學(xué)生在體驗歷史和反思歷史的過程中感受歷史、感受科技發(fā)明和應(yīng)用中體現(xiàn)出來的科學(xué)精神和人文精神。關(guān)鍵詞科技史，科學(xué)精神，人文精神，情境教學(xué)，比較教學(xué)II

簡介：肝臟是人體重要的代謝器官，承擔(dān)各種營養(yǎng)、藥物、毒素的代謝轉(zhuǎn)化的任務(wù)，因此對肝臟造成損害的因素可造成人體嚴重的損害。病毒、酒精、藥物、寄生蟲、自身免疫性、營養(yǎng)代謝紊亂等多種因素均可以造成肝臟急性或者慢性的損傷，其中以免疫性損傷最為常見及復(fù)雜。在急性免疫性炎癥反應(yīng)后，容易繼發(fā)反復(fù)慢性炎癥反應(yīng)，逐漸使肝臟逐漸喪失正常的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，損傷肝臟正常的生理生化功能，極大的增加了肝硬化、肝癌的發(fā)生機率。因此針對急性期免疫性肝臟損傷的發(fā)病機制及藥物開發(fā)始終是基礎(chǔ)及臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究的重點及熱點。我國有悠久的中醫(yī)中藥治療肝病的歷史，從中草藥寶庫中尋找能治療免疫性肝損傷的藥物具有重要的臨床意義。目的比較美洲大蠊及其不同提取物對刀豆蛋白A（CONA致小鼠急性免疫性肝損傷時肝臟功能的保護作用，初步鑒定不同提取物的一般理化成分，探討其藥物活性部位及作用機理。方法1將美洲大蠊原蟲按照不同方法制備出相應(yīng)提取物，初步測定及推測其可能含有的化學(xué)成分。2將實驗小鼠隨機分為正常對照組、模型組、蟲粉混懸100MGKG、200MGKG組、醇提取100MGKG、200MGKG組、水提取100MGKG、200MGKG組、醇水雙體取100MGKG、200MGKG組、聯(lián)苯雙酯對照組（200MGKG）組。給予小鼠美洲大蠊原蟲粉及其不同提取物灌胃，每天一次。10D后，予尾靜脈注射CONA20MGKG制備急性免疫性肝損傷模型。造模結(jié)束后，小鼠禁食不禁飲8H后稱取體重，眼球取血測定血清中丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶（ALT、門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶（AST活性；處死小鼠取出肝臟和脾臟稱重，計算肝脾指數(shù)；制備肝臟勻漿，測定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶GSHPX活性及丙二醛（MDA、干擾素Γ（IFNΓ）和腫瘤壞死因子ΑTNFΑ的含量；另取部分肝臟組織制備HE染色切片進行病理學(xué)觀察。結(jié)果美洲大蠊及其提取物中含有氨基酸、蛋白多肽類、糖類及有機酸類物質(zhì)。與模型組比較，給藥組均有降低CONA致小鼠急性免疫性肝損傷肝脾指數(shù)（P＜001，P＜005、降低血清中ALT、AST活性P＜001，P＜005和肝臟組織中MDA的活性及IFNΓ、TNFΑ因子的含量P＜001，P＜005升高肝臟組織中SOD和GSH的活性P＜001，P＜005減輕小鼠肝臟病理損傷。結(jié)論美洲大蠊及其提取物對CONA引起的小鼠急性免疫性肝損傷具有一定保護作用；美洲大蠊及其提取物存在藥效差別，蟲粉混懸組和水提取物組作用優(yōu)于其醇提取組和醇水雙提取組。

簡介：東北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文在政治和經(jīng)濟的陰影下18481965美國華人移民入籍史姓名楊大偉申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師劉卓20070101東』匕大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTUNDERTHESHADESOFECONOMYANDPOLITICSNATURALIZATIONOFCHINESEIMMIGRANTSINTHEUNITEDSTATES18481965ABSTRACTMUNITEDSTATESISACOUNTRYMADEUPOFIMMIGRANTSFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDMCHINESEPEOPLEALEONEOFTHELARGEGROUPSOFIMMIGRANTSLARGESCALEIMMIGRATIONFROMCHINATOTHEUNITEDSTATESBEGANINTHELATE1840SWHENGOLDWASFOUNDINCALIFOMIACHINESEIMMIGRATIONTOAMERICAHASLASTEDFORMORETHANL50YEARSSINCETHENNLECHINESEIMMIGRATIONHISTORYWASFULLOFHARDSHIPANDSTRUGGLEAFTERTHESHORTINITIALWELCOME，CHINESEIMMIGRANTSRECEIVEDRESTRICTIONEXCLUSIONANDFORBIDDANCEACCOMPANIEDWITHTHEIMMIGRATION。CHINESENATURALIZATIONBEGANN塘NATURALIZATIONHISTORYOFCHINESEIMMIGRANTSINTHEUNITEDSTATESWITNESSEDDRASTICCULTURALCONFLICTS，POLITICALEXCLUSION，ANDASERIESOFSOCIALANDECONOMICALINEQUALITYN忙STUDYONCHINESEAMERICANSBEGANTOATTRACTMOREANDMORESCHOLARS’ATTENTIONFROMTHEEARLY1980SMANYWORKSONCHINESEIMMIGRATIONHASBEENPUBLISHEDHOWEVERCHINESENATURALIZATIONWASNOTATTACHEDGREATIMPORTANCETHISTHESISAIMSTO1DOACOMPARATIVELYCOMPREHENSIVEANDSYSTEMATICSTUDYONTHENATURALIZATIONHISTORYOFCHINESEIMMIGRANTSINUSDURINGTHE150YEARS，ESPECIALLYTHEPERIODFROM1848TO1965，ANDMAKEANANALYSISANDSYNTHESIS；2PUTEMPHASISONTHEECONOMICANDPOLITICALFACTORSANDTHECONTRADICTIONBETWEENTHEMITWILLBEEASIERTOSTUDYTHECHINESENATURALIZATIONLLI吼ORYINTHEUNITEDSTATESALONGWITHTHECHINESEIMMIGRATIONHISTORYAXISDURINGTHEFREEIMMIGRATIONPERIODWITHTHEINCREASEOFCLLINESEIMMIGRATIONCHINESENATURALIZATIONEASESINCREASEDINTHEUNITEDSTATES，ALTHOUGHTHENATURALIZATIONRIGHTWASLIMITEDONLYTO“FREEWHITEPERSONS’’WHENCHINESEIMMIGRATIONWASFORBIDDEN，CHINESENATURALIZATIONDIDNOTSTOPAFTER1943CHINESENATURALIZATIONW私LEGALIZEDFORTHEFIRATIMEINTHEHISTORYCHINESEIMMIGRANTSREALIZEDTHATONLYCITIZENSCANINFLUENCETHELAWCHINESEIMMIGRANTSHADNOCITIZENSHIPTHEREFORE，THELAWWILLNOTPREVENTADVERSEINTRODUCEDTOTHECHINESE，NOTBEEFFECTIVETOPROTECTTHEMSELVESNATURALIZATIONWASREGARDEDASAGOODWAYFORCHINESETOPROTECTTHEIRRIGHTSANDFIGHTAGAINSTTHEDISCRIMINATORYLAWSCHINESENATURALIZATIONRECEIVEDINFLUENCESFROMECONOMYPOLITICS，LAWS，ANDSEINEOTHERFACTORSVARIOUSIMMIGRATIONANDNATURALIZATIONLAWSDIRECTLYAFFECTEDCHINESENATURALIZATIONBUTWHATWASBEHINDTHOSELEGALDOCUMENTSAREECONOMICANDPOLITICALENVIRONMENTWHICHPLAYEDTHEDECISIVEROLEINNATURALIZATIONISSUEKEYWORDSIMMIGRATION；NATURALIZATION；ECONOMY；POLITICS一Ⅱ一

簡介：華中師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文童子軍在中國中國近現(xiàn)代童子軍興衰史的初步考察姓名王晉麗申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)教育史指導(dǎo)教師周洪宇20060501

簡介：西南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文論作為一般侵權(quán)前理解的范式理解歐陸200年一般侵權(quán)法演進史之哲學(xué)考察姓名陳慶申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)民商法學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師周安平20070401兩南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要獲得個案中的一般侵權(quán)理解之前，法官要受到所在國家源自生活形式井通過法律概念形式獲得規(guī)定的作為前理解的范式理解的支配，這種范式理解在本文看來就是對上述三個問題的回答即兩個法源的地位對比問題、兩個視域的優(yōu)先性問題與法官判斷權(quán)力的大小阿題通過對歐陸200年一般侵權(quán)法演進史的哲學(xué)考察，我概括出了三種作為一般侵權(quán)前理解的范式理解。進而，本文提出。法律真理”的“參與性理想”問題在我看來，問題不在于我們是否認識到“法律真理”而在于我們是否參與了“法律真理”，我們是否走在。法律真理”的途中【關(guān)鍵詞】一般侵權(quán)哲學(xué)詮釋學(xué)法律真理前理解范式理解

簡介：目的初步優(yōu)選美洲大蠊多肽提取物的提取方法、多肽含量測定方法，深入研究美洲大蠊多肽提取物的體內(nèi)抗腫瘤作用及體外對腫瘤細胞增殖及凋亡的影響，旨在為美洲大蠊用于惡性腫瘤的治療提供科學(xué)的實驗依據(jù)，同時可為從天然藥物中提取低毒高效的抗腫瘤活性部位提供新方向。方法（1）制備工藝研究采用超聲法、滲濾法、加熱回流法三種方法提取美洲大蠊多肽，同時采用福林酚法和雙縮脲法兩種方法測定美洲大蠊多肽提取物中的多肽含量，比較三種提取方法和兩種測定方法的結(jié)果從而初步優(yōu)選美洲大蠊多肽提取物的提取方法及多肽測定方法。（2）體內(nèi)抗腫瘤活性評價建立小鼠肝癌H22和小鼠肉瘤S180的移植性腫瘤模型，檢測美洲大蠊多肽提取物對腫瘤生長的影響。觀察小鼠的活動情況及體重變化，評價美洲大蠊多肽提取物的體內(nèi)抗腫瘤活性。（3）體外對腫瘤細胞增殖及凋亡的影響以A549（人肺腺癌細胞株）、SGC7901（人胃癌細胞株）和HELA（人宮頸癌細胞株）為實驗對象，經(jīng)不同濃度的美洲大蠊多肽提取物作用48H后，采用CELLCOUNTINGKITCCK8WST8試劑盒測定對腫瘤細胞增殖的抑制作用。美洲大蠊多肽提取物對A549細胞凋亡的影響采用HOECHST33258熒光染色及流式細胞儀ANNEXINVPI雙染法進行檢測。結(jié)果（1）加熱回流法提取的美洲大蠊多肽含量為3418％和3005，超聲法為2563和2019，滲濾法為2874和2490，加熱回流法對美洲大蠊多肽的提取明顯優(yōu)于超聲法和滲濾法。雙縮脲法測定美洲大蠊多肽提取物中的多肽含量為2563、2874、3418，福林酚法為2019、2490、3005，通過兩種方法的比較，雙縮脲法對多肽測定存在高效性，明顯優(yōu)于福林酚法。（2）美洲大蠊多肽提取物25MGKG、50MGKG、100MGKG（以多肽濃度計算）對H22實體瘤生長的抑瘤率分別為2377、3583、6563；對S180實體瘤生長的抑瘤率分別為2016、3527、5736，明顯抑制S180和H22荷瘤小鼠腫瘤的生長。（3）美洲大蠊多肽提取物能明顯抑制A549細胞的增殖，隨濃度的增加，抑制作用增強，其IC50為5465±173ΜGML，但對SCG7901、HELA細胞作用不強，因此僅采用A549細胞進行后續(xù)研究。美洲大蠊多肽提取物作用于A549細胞48H后，HOECHST33258熒光染色顯示不同濃度的美洲大蠊多肽提取物干預(yù)后可見核濃縮致密的強熒光團塊及核碎裂等細胞凋亡形態(tài)學(xué)改變，且呈現(xiàn)出一定的量效關(guān)系，而陰性對照組成彌散均勻的淡藍色弱熒光。ANNEXINVPI雙染法檢測顯示10、20、40、80、160ΜGML（以多肽濃度計算）的美洲大蠊多肽提取物均可誘導(dǎo)A549細胞凋亡，凋亡率分別為2043±153486±201D68±184S19±153和6557±214與陰性對照組比較，差異有顯著性（P＜001）。結(jié)論美洲大蠊多肽提取物最佳的提取方法是加熱回流法，多肽含量測定以雙縮脲法最優(yōu)；美洲大蠊多肽提取物能明顯抑制S180和H22荷瘤小鼠腫瘤的生長，具有較強的體內(nèi)抗腫瘤活性；美洲大蠊多肽提取物能誘導(dǎo)A549細胞凋亡，抑制其增殖。

簡介：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文新理念下初一中國古代史分層教學(xué)研究以民族政權(quán)并立的時代一課為例姓名王菲申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)學(xué)科教學(xué)（歷史）指導(dǎo)教師李斯琴20090430內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTNEWCURRICULUMREFORMTOADVOCATEWITHTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFCLASSROOMTEACHING，BUTINREALITYNOTBEOPTIMISTICABOUTTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTEACHING，CLASSROOMTEACHING，THEREARESERIOUSPROBLEMSAFFECTINGTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHECLASSROOM，ANDINTHEDECLINEINLEARNINGABILITYOFSTUDENTSANDSTUDENTSOFUNEVENDEVELOPMENTONTHEOTHERHAND，MODEMEDUCATIONHASGRADUALLYDIVERSIFIEDDEVELOPMENT，GIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEEDUCATIONALNEEDSOFTHEHUMANPERSONALITYAUTONOMYDIVERSITYANDTHEREFORESTUDENTSCANNOTBECONFINEDORLIMITEDTODISREGARDTHEHUMANPERSONALITYINITIATIVE，ANDTHEDIFFERENCEOFTHESAMETEACHINGMODELUNDERINSUCHCASESTHEAUTHORINTEACHINGTHEONGOINGTEACHINGANDRESEARCHANDREFORM，INOTHERSTHEBASISOFRESEARCHRESULTS，TOCHOOSETEACHINGASSTRATIFIEDSTUDYEXPLOREDIFFERENTAVENUESTOEXPLOREINTHISPAPERFIRSTOFALL，THEMACROLEVELANALYSISOFTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEGENERALCONCEPT‘OFSTRATIFICATIONOFTEACHING，ANDTHENTHE”ERAOFNATIONALPOLITICALPOWEREXISTSIDEBYSIDEONECLASS，F(xiàn)OREXAMPLEONSPECIFICMICROECONOMICANALYSIS，THECONTENTSINCLUDEFIRST，PRECLASSPREPARATIONTHEAUTHOROFTHETEACHINGOBJECTIVES，THEFOCUSANDDIFFICULT，THEANALYSISOFSPECIFICMATERIALS，WHICHISTHEKEYLINKLATER