外文翻譯--志愿者組織在社區(qū)治理中的功能研究（原文）

1、2008 International Conference on Public Administration (ICPA 4th ) Edited by ZHU Xiao-ning and ZHAO Shu-rong ·965·ICPA Study on the Function of Volunteer Organizations in Community Governance 1.CH

2、EN Jian-xin 2.YANG Lin-lin 3. ZI Min-gui South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China, 510640 Abstract With the development of modern society and the advancement of market-oriented reform, social cont

3、rol mechanism has undergone profound changes, the traditional administratively controlled social integration model calls for the multiple formation of public governance mechanism which can adapt to the pattern of socia

4、l transformation. In this process, volunteer organizations are playing a growing role in community governance and the promotion of social progress. In this paper, according to the development of volunteers in China, we

5、 have a preliminary study on how to strengthen the construction volunteer organizations to build a harmonious community theoretically. Specifically, we design two modes of volunteer organizations participation in com

6、munity service according to different social development levels: one is Community-oriented mode, and the other is volunteer Organization-oriented mode and we propose relative countermeasures and suggestions. Key words

7、 Volunteers, Volunteer organization, Community, Harmonious society 1 Introduction As a vital force in modern society to maintain social harmony and promote social progress, volunteer organizations are on the basis of

8、a certain extent of development of market economy and social civilization. With the establishment of Chinese socialist market economy system, the gradual formation of autonomous system of the grassroots people, and the

9、 rise of various social organizations’ awareness in participating social activities and the increase of their role, volunteer organizations have undertaken a part of functions in assisting the government in serving the

10、 society and grassroots community people in the process of deepening reform, opening up and promoting the construction of harmonious communities, and their functions will further expand and strengthen. 2 The history of

11、 the development of volunteer organizations in China and their status and functions in modern society 2.1 The rise and development of volunteer organizations in China Volunteer organizations originated from western re

12、ligious charitable organizations in the early 19th century, with a history of 2 hundred years. British priest Reverend Henry Solly set up a “charitable relief organizations and inhibit begging Association” in 1869 in L

13、ondon, and soon the name was changed as “Charity Organization Society”, which was the embryonic form of volunteer organizations. After World War II, many European countries had formed volunteer organization and gradua

14、lly embarked on the path of internationalization. Then a group of international organizations which specialized in coordinating the volunteer activities turned up. On December 17th, 1985, the General Assembly adopted r

15、esolution 40/212, establishing the annual December 5th as International Volunteer Day, and the volunteer service for community became a trend of the development of volunteers all over the world. Generally in China, vol

16、unteers mostly known as “ZhiYuanZhe”. From the mid-1960s, China provided a great deal of international assistance to many developing countries in Asia and Africa. Besides, the Chinese government had also sent a large n

17、umber of volunteers to participate in the corresponding projects abroad [1]. In 1987 in Guangzhou some enthusiastic youth founded the first volunteer service hotline, in 1989 in Xinxing Street, Heping District of Tianj

18、in City established the Community Service Volunteers Association, which was the first community volunteer organization of People’s Republic of China and gained recognition and promotion. These two things should be the

19、 source of volunteer activities in Mainland China. In 1994, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the China Association of Social Workers issued “Notice On Further carrying out Community Service Volunteer Activities”, Call

20、ing on all levels of government to strengthen leadership, which marked volunteer organization activities into the conduct of the Chinese government. 2008 International Conference on Public Administration (ICPA 4th )

21、 Edited by ZHU Xiao-ning and ZHAO Shu-rong ·967·ICPA United States, among which “New York City volunteer society” is the nation’s largest volunteer organization. It recruits 750 volunteers aged 16-20

22、annually [4]. The fund of American volunteer service activities is mainly from personal donations and bequests, besides it also includes Enterprise fund, science and culture welfare fund, and fund from government at al

23、l levels. In order to coordinate the work of volunteer services, the United States has set up a national steering agency responsible for the coordination and guidance of the national volunteer service work. Governments

24、 at all levels set specialized agencies, together with special funds to guide the activities of volunteers. In addition, the United States Government pays much attention to guide citizens involved in volunteer service

25、 activities actively through legal and policy system. 3 The status and problems of the development of Chinese volunteer organizations 3.1 The status and feature of the development of China’s volunteer organizations In

26、 recent years, the number of people who participate in volunteer service is increasing, and the recipients of volunteer services are continuously expanding. According to China Legal Publicity website report on Septembe

27、r 2007, at present 10 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and other eight cities issued local laws for voluntary service in China, and formal registered volunteers have reached 20 million, and meanwhile, the

28、number of volunteers in Guangzhou is 12% of the inhabitants, Beijing is 9% and Shanghai is 8%, and we can see the development of volunteers in Guangzhou City is at the forefront in China. The proportion in the United S

29、tates is about 40%, and the Nordic region is 35%. There are at least more than 80 large-scale volunteer groups in the United States in 1997, and the number has reached 93 million [5]. Compared with the developed countr

30、ies and regions, the size and number of China’s volunteer organization lag far behind. But the management and construction of China’s volunteer organization is perfecting and becoming mature. Local volunteer organizat

31、ions throughout the country have carried out a series of unique, innovative, effective volunteer service based on their volunteer resources, demand for services and cultural characteristics. Nearly each of the communit

32、ies all over the country has established professional services teams for people in need (the elderly, the poor and the disabled), and for public security, environmental protection, medical and health etc. Besides, many

33、 professional organizations also take their advantage to organize volunteer service teams to take part in the governance of the communities. 3.2 The obstacles and problems of the development of Chinese volunteer organ

34、izations First, the volunteer organization services and management are seriously administration-oriented. The main mode of Chinese urban community service is “government guiding”, and the government take charge of com

35、munity service advocacy, planning, investment and security. The government is keen on the support of large-scale political-oriented activities, and focuses on major events and festivals, neglecting volunteer activities

36、 which are close to the people’s livelihood. Thus it is difficult for volunteer organizations to take their advantages such as their autonomy and flexibility, and they are passively subject to activities assigned by g

37、overnmental organizations. As a result, volunteer organization activities are not “volunteer” and “consciously”, but appears “organized” or “called for”. Administration-oriented volunteer activities focus on formality,

38、 not effect. This will be not conducive to develop good social morality, but also stifle the volunteer’s original initiative. Second, the volunteer organization services and management lack a unified management agency

39、, lack related laws and regulations, and the necessary local financial support. At present the domestic volunteer organizations are often multilaterally managed by different agencies, take Guangzhou for example, both

40、the Volunteer Federation and Guangzhou Youth Volunteers Association take charge of the main management work of volunteer organization, causing repeated work, which is not conducive to the integration of Guangzhou’s vol

41、unteer resources. Besides, few laws are legislated to support volunteers and volunteer organizations. Third, incentive mechanism and coordination mechanism for volunteer organizations’ participation in community serv

42、ice is not perfect. At present many cities have not built specialized incentive system and mechanism for volunteers yet. Although community service which volunteer organizations engaged in is voluntary and of public we