[雙語翻譯]建筑質(zhì)量外文翻譯--建筑質(zhì)量對預(yù)制多戶住宅安全性的影響

1、5900 英文單詞， 英文單詞，3.1 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 9200 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Knyziak P. The impact of construction quality on the safety of prefabricated multi-family dwellings[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2019, 100: 37-48.The impact of

2、construction quality on the safety of prefabricated multi-family dwellingsPiotr KnyziakAbstractThis study presents analysis of the safety of prefabricated buildings utilizing concrete large-panel technology in the contex

3、t of building failures as a result of exceptional loads and in the context of their technical condition. Examples of incorrect construction and maintenance from on-site inspections of 110 buildings in Poland are describe

4、d. Lack of assembly alignment, elements of the structure not protected against corrosion, elements damaged during construction work, no repairs after exceptional loads, and lack of structural strengthening are discussed.

5、 The set of case studies of large-panel buildings undergoing partial progressive collapses investigated in this study describe how this type of building, despite the impact of all the imperfections of construction and

6、maintenance, carry exceptional loads. A systematic defining of the degree of advancement of a progressive collapse in residential buildings in relation to typical damage ranges was proposed.Keywords: Large-panel building

7、s ；Building failures ；Progressive collapse； Explosion ；Maintenance1. IntroductionA large number of large-panel prefabricated buildings were assembled in many eastern countries. The industrial nature of this type of const

8、ruction required the use of typical wall and ceiling elements as well as typified system solutions. Many large-panel construction systems have been designed. In Poland there were both central and local systems [1]. A lar

9、ge number of buildings maintained at the same time forced builders to employ poorly qualified staff and this led to errors during the production of precast elements and their assembly [1]. The buildings made in these sys

10、tems were inhabited often by low-income families, so the funds for repairs were low, which led to many years of neglect.From time to time, there are cases of exceptional loading by a gas explosion. Cases of progressive c

11、ollapse in large-panel type buildings in economically developed countries and in eastern countries prompted research into the possibility of surviving a gas explosion and preventing progressive collapse in large-panel bu

12、ildings in Poland. An important research problem considered was the influence of the quality of buildings' construction on their structural safety at the time of the exceptional load. The number of cases resulting fr

13、om the variety of construction systems as well as incorrect assembly and maintenance errors excluded the individual assessment of all systems.Large-panel housing estates are an important part of Polish housing resources

14、(about 60,000 buildings), and the problems concern a large part of society. The number of problems with revitalization is significant and it's related to areas including urban planning, architecture, social and techn

15、ical issues [2,3].middle part of the building's plan were destroyed above the explosion zone. The reason was the destruction of the façade wall and the internal bearing wall. Below the explosion zone, these room

16、s survived, because the debris of the upper stories moved outside the outline of the building (Fig. 1).The solutions applied in the project caused that some of the panels hung on the reinforcement connecting them with th

17、e tie beam; many boards did not fall despite significant displacement from their original position. A lot of the facade panels of the highest floors connected to the roof structure also survived. The progressive collapse

18、 of this building developed to a certain extent. Later large-panel construction systems and buildings were designed taking into account the knowledge obtained from the analysis of this disaster.After many years of resear

19、ch and systematization of knowledge in the field of protecting large-panel buildings against progressive collapse, similar failures occur also today. Examples are the two big failures of buildings in the Russian Federati

20、on in Astrakhan (2012) [25] and in Izhevsk (2017). In both cases, the explosion zone took a lot of structural walls, which led to partial progressive collapse of the buildings.Fig. 2. Russia, Astrakhan, February 2012 [43

21、]Fig. 3. Russia, Izhevsk, December 2017, before and after failure [44,45]In case of failure in Astrakhan, analysis of time-lapse images from a recording (Fig. 2) indicates the short-term work of the building segment afte

22、r the explosion, which occurred on one of the lowest floors. The propagation of cracks and detachment of panels of subsequent floors led to the development of progressive collapse in the building segment limited by undam

23、aged perpendicular structural walls. Despite the formation of a pile of debris of significant height, the walls of subsequent segments were not destroyed. The failure in Izhevsk was caused by a gas explosion after intent

24、ionally leaving open a gas outlet in one of the flats. The corner section of the building was completely destroyed (Fig. 3). The explosion destroyed both the perpendicular intentional walls and the longitudinal facade wa

25、lls. The range of damage comprising many structural elements did not allow for the creation of a stable substitute structure.In both cases, parts of the wall panels remained thanks to the cantilever support in the vertic

26、al joints, both longitudinally and transversely. Some of the floor panels also hung on bars anchored in horizontal joints. In the pictures of both buildings, corrections of joint seals and differences in joint widths are