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1、J u n e2 0 11 , V o l u me5 , N o . 6( S e r i a lNo . 4 3 ) , P P . 5 5 5 - 5 6 1J o u r n a lo fCi v i lEn g i n e e r i n ga n dAr c h i t e c t u r e , I S S N l9 3 4 — 7 3 5 9 , US A ?齲Th eS t u d yo fRe s i s t a
2、 n c eo fCe me n tCo m p o s i t e sa g a i n s tMi c r o b i a lAt t a c kE s t o k o v aA d r i a n a,O n d r e j k aH a r b u l a k o v aV l a s t a,L u p t a k o v aA l e n a 2 ,P r a s c a k o v aM~ i r i aa n dS t
3、e v u l o v aNa d e z d a, . I n s t i t u t eo fB u i l d i n ga n dE n v i r o n m e n t a lE n g i n e e r i n g , F a c u l t yo f C i v i lE n g i n e e r i n g , T e c h n i c a lU n i v e r s i t yo f K o s i c e
4、, S l o v a k i a2 . I n s t i t u t eo fG e o t e c h n i c s , S l o v a kA c a d e m yo fS c i e n c e , S l o v a k i aAb s t r a c t : Th es t a r ta n dt h ec o u r s eo fb i o — c o r r o s i o na r ec o n d i t i
5、 o n e db ym a n yf a c t o r swh i c hi n c l u d eb i o l o g i c a le f f e c t sl i k et h ei n f l u e n c eo f v e g e t a t i o na n dmi c r o o r g a n i s msc a u s i n gt h ed e t e r i o r a t i o no f ma t e
6、r i a l s . Th ei n f lu e n c eo f b a c t e r i ac a u s i n gt h ed e t e r i o r a t i o no f c o n c r e t eh a sb e e nl i n k e dt ot h eg e n e r a t i o no fb i o g e n i cs u l p h u r i ca n dn i t r i ca c i
7、d swh i c ho r i g i n a t ei nc o ro s i o np r o c e s sb yd i s s o l u t i o no fc a l c i u m c o n t a i n i n gmi n e r a l sf r o m t h ec o n c r e t ema t r i c e s . Th i sp a p e rp r i ma r i l yf o c u s e
8、 so nt h ei n v e s t i g a t i o no fi n f l u e n c eo fs u l p h u r - o x i d i s i n gb a c t e r i aA c i d i t h i o b a c i l l u st h i o o x i d a n sa n ds u l p h a t e - r e d u c i n gb a c t e r i aD e s u
9、 b C o v i b r i od e s u ! f u r i c a n sa tt h er e s i s t a n c ed e g r e eo fc e me n tc o mp o s i t e s . Va r i o u sc o n c r e t ec o mp o s i t e swi t h5 % a d d i t i o no f b l a c kc o a lf l ya s ha sc
10、e me n tr e p l a c e me n ta swe l la st h er e f e r e n c es a mp l e swi t h o u tc o a lf l ya s ha d d i t i o nwe r es t u d i e di nt h ee x p e r i me n t s .T h el a b o r a t o r ye x p e r i me n t sa swe l l
11、a se x p e r i me n t si ns i t ui nr e a le n v i r o n me n t so fs e wa g es y s t e m p r o c e e d e dd u r i n g9 0d a y s . T h ec o ro s i o nwa sma n i f e s t e db ys u r f a c ec h a n g e sa n dwe i g h tc h
12、 a n g e so fc e me n tc o mp o s i t e ss a mp l e sa swe l la sc h a n g e si np H v a l u e so fl e a c h a t e s .Co n s i d e r a b l es u r f a c ec h a n g e swe r ed e t e c t e di na l li n v e s t i g a t e ds
13、 a m p l e sb ym i c r o s c o p i cme t h o d s . Cr ys t a l sp r e c i p i t a t e do nc o n c r e t es a mp l e ss u r f a c ewe r ei d e n t i f i e db yE DX a smi x t u r eo fg y p s u m a n de t t r i n g i t e
14、.T h er o u g h n e s si n c r e a s e so fs u r f a c eo fc e me n tc o mp o s i t e swe r ed e t e r m i n e db yc o n f o c a ll a s e rs c a n n i n gmi c r o s c o p y .Ke ywo r d s : Co n c r e t e , M I C, b a c t
15、 e r i a , b i o c o r r o s i o n , b i o d e t e r i o r a t i o n1 . I nt r o du c t i o nT h ed u r a b i l i t yo fi n o r g a n i cma t e r i a l si ss i g n i f i c a n t l ya f f e c t e db ym a n yb i o l o g i
16、c a la c t i v i t i e sa n di n t e r a c t i o n s .Bi o d e t e r i o r a t i o nc a nb er e g a r d e da st h ei r r e v e r s i b l el o s so fv a l u ea n d / o ri n f o r m a t i o no fo b j e c t so fa r tm a d e
17、o fmi n e r a lma t e r i a l sc a u s e db ya t t a c ko fl i v i n go r g a n i s ms [ 1 】 . H o we v e r , t h eme r ep r e s e n c eo fma c r o - a n dmi c r o o r g a n i s msi sn o ts u f i c i e n twh e nc o n s i
18、 d e r i n gt h ec a u s eo fd e c a y ,b e c a u s et h e yc a nu s ea n d / o re n h a n c et h ed e t e r i o r a t i o nme c h a n i s mso n l yi np a r t i c u l a rc o n d i t i o n sa n dwh e na l s oo t h e rf a
19、c t o r so c c u r[ 2 ] . P r o mi n e n te x a mp l eo ft h ei mp a c to fb i o l o g i c a ls y s t e m o nma t e r i a lc a nb es e e ni nt h ei n t e r a c t i o nb e t we e nt h eo r g a n i s mse mp l o y e di nap
20、r o c e s so ft h emi c r o b i a ld e t e r i o r a t i o no fc o n c r e t ei ns e wa g es y s t e m sC0 r r e s p 0 n d i n ga u t h o r :E s t o k o v aAd r i a n a ,P h D,a s s o c i a t ep r o f e s s o r ,r e s e
21、a r c hf ie l d s :c h e mi s t r y,e n v i r o n me n t a le n g i n e e r i n g . E - m a i l : a d r i a n a . e s t o k o v a @t u k e . s k .c a u s e db ymi c r o b i a le x c r e t i o n s[ 3 】 . T h emi c r o f l
22、 o r ao nb u i l d i n gma t e r i a l sr e p r e s e n t sac o mp l e xe c o s y s t e m wh i c hd e v e l o p si nv a r i o u swa y sd e p e n d i n go ne n v i r o n me n t a lc o n d i t i o n sa n dt h ep h y s i c
23、o - c h e mi c a lp r o p e r t i e so ft h ema t e r i a li nq u e s t i o n . M i c r o o r g a n i s msc a nb ed i v i d e di n t ot h ef o l l o wi n gg r o u p s [ 4 ] :p h o t o l i t h o a u t o t r o p h i co r g
24、 a n i s m s , s u c ha sa l g a e ,c y a n o b a c t e r i a ,mo s s e sa n dh i g h e rp l a n t s ,wh i c hu s es u n l i g h ta se n e r g ys o u r c e , a n dr e l e a s eo x y g e nd u r i n gp h o t o s y n t h e
25、s i s . T h e i rc a r b o nr e q u i r e me n t sa r eme tb yb i n d i n gC02f r o m a t mo s p h e r e . Th es e c o n dg r o u pa r ec h e mo l i t h o a u t o t r o p h i cb a c t e r i awh i c hu s ei n o r g a n i
26、 cc o mp o u n d s ( e . g . , a mmo n i a , n i t r i t e s , h y d r o g e ns u l f i d e ,t h i o s u l f a t e so fe l e me n t a ls u l f u r ) t oo b t a i ne n e r g yf r o m t h e i ro x i d a t i o na n db i n d
27、C02f r o m t h ea t mo s p h e r e .T h i sp r o c e s sr e s u l t si nt h er e l e a s eo fn i t r o u sa c i d s ( e . g . ,N i t r o s o m o n a ss p p . ) , n i t r i ca c i d ( e . g . , N i t r o b a c t e rs p p
28、 . )o rs u l f u r i ca c i d( e . g . , Ac i d i t h i o o x i d a n s ) [ 5 ] .Th eS t u d yo fRe si s t a n c eo fCe me n tComp os i t e sa g a i n s tMi cr o bi a lAt t a c k2 .Co n c r e t eS a m pl e sT h ec e me n
29、 tc o mp o s i t es a mp l e swi t h5 % a d d i t i o no fb l a c kc o a lf l ya s ha sc e me n tr e p l a c e me n t . a swe l la sr e f e r e n c es a mp l e swi t h o u tc o a lf l ya s ha d d i t i o nwe r ei n v e s
30、 t i g a t e di ne x p e r i me n t s .Th ec o n c r e t es a mp l e su s e df o rt h ee x p e r i me n t swe r ep r e p a r e di na c c o r d a n c ewi t hS l o v a ks t a n d a r dS TN E N 2 0 6 — 1u s i n gc e me n
31、tCEM I4 2 . 5R.T h ec o mp o s i t i o no ft h er e f e r e n c es a mp l e sc a nb ef o u n di nT a b l e1 .T h ec o n c r e t es a mp l e swi t ha d d i t i o no fc o a lf l ya s hwe r ep r e p a r e di nt h es a mewa
32、y . b u t5 % o ft h ea mo u n to fc e me n twa sr e p l a c e db yc o a lf l ya s h . Th eu s e dc o a lf l ya s ho fv o l u me t r i cwe i g h to f2 381k g / m o r i g i n a t e sf r o m t h ep r o c e s so fb u r n i
33、 n go f b l a c kc o a li nKo ~ i c ec i t yh e a t i n gp l a n t ( T e p l a r e nK o s i c ea . s . T E KO , S l o v a k i a ) .T h ec h e mi c a lc o mp o s i t i o no fu s e dc o a lf l ya s hc a nb es e e n i nTa b
34、 l e2 .P r e p a r e dc o n c r e t es a mp l e swe r ec o mp r e s s i o nt e s t e da n dc a t e g o r i z e da sc l a s sC3 0 / 3 7 . Th ec u b i cc o n c r e t es a mp l e sf 15 0 x15 0 x15 0mm)h a v eb e e nd r i l
35、l e db yd r i l l i n gme c h a n i s m S T AM i nc y l i n d r i c a ls h a p ewi t hd i a me t e ro f5 0mm a n dh e i g h to f3 0mm. T h ed r i l l e ds a mp l e swe r ea u t o c l a v e da t12 0 。 Ct oc o n s t a
36、n twe i g h ta n dd r i e da t6 0 。 Cb e f o r eb e i n gu s e di ne x p e r i me n t s .2 . 2E x pe r i me n t si nS i t uTa bl e1Th ec o mp o s i t i o no ft h er e f e r e n c es a m p l e s .M a s sc O n c e n t r a
37、t i o nC o m p o n e n t( k g / m o fc o n c r e t e )Ag g r e g a t ef ra c t i o n0 / 47 3 7Ag g r e g a t ef ra c t i o n4 / 81 8 4Ag g r e g a t ef ra c t i o n8 / 169 0 9Ce me n t4 2 . 5R 4 1 0W a t e rl 6 8S u p
38、e rp l a s t i c i z e rM u r a s a nBW A 142 . 7Ai re n t r a i n i n ga d mi x t u r eBe r a p o rG 3 _ 35 5 7T h et h r e es a mp l e swi t h5 % r e p l a c e me n to fc e me n tb yc o a lf l ya s ha n dt h et h r e
39、 er e f e r e n c es a mp l e swi t h o u tc o a lf l ya s ha d d i t i o nwe r ei n s e r t e di n t owa s t e - wa t e rs e we rp i p e si nt h ec i t yo fKo s i c e , S l o v a k i a . T h ewa s t e - wa t e rp a r a
40、me t e r swe r et e s t e di nL a b so fW a s t e — wa t e ri nKo k s o vBa k s a , Ea s tS l o v a k i a nW a t e rCo mp a n yi nKo s i c e . T h eme a s u r e da v e r a g ev a l u eo fwa s t e — wa t e rwa s7 . 4 2a n
41、 db o t ht h ep h y s i c a la n dc h e mi c a la n a l y s e so fwa s t e - wa t e rwe r ep u b l i s h e di no u rp r e v i o u sp a p e r 【 12 1 .T h emi c r o b i o l o g i c a la n a l y s i so fwa s t e — wa t e rc
42、 o n f i r m e dt h ep r e s e n c eo fb a c t e r i aD e s u l f o v i b r i od e s u l f u r i c a n sa n dA c . t h i o o x i d a n sa sm a j o rc o n c r e t eb i o d e t e r i o g e n s .T h ec o n c r e t es a mp l
43、 e swe r ep a r ti a l l yi n s e r t e do rn o td e p e n d i n go nt h ea m o u n to fwa s t e — wa t e rf lo wi n gt h r o u g ht h es e we rp i p e s . Af te r9 0d a y so fe x p e r i me n t ,t h es a mp l e swe r ec
44、 l e a n e do fwa s t e - wa t e rs e d i me n t ,a u t o c l a v e da t12 0 。 C t oc o n s t a n twe i g h ta n dd r i e da t6 0 o C.2 . 3L a b o r a t o r yE x p e r i me n t sCo n c r e t eb i o d e t e r i o r a t i
45、 o ns t u d yp r o c e e d e di nal a b o r a t o r yr e a c t o rb ys i mu l t a n e o u se f f e c to fs u l p h a t e — r e d u c i n gb a c t e r i a( S R B )a n ds u l p h u r - o x i d i s i n gb a c t e r i ad u r
46、 i n g9 0d a y sa tc o n s t a n tt e mp e r a t u r eo f2 5 。 C.2 . 3 . 1M i c r o o r g a n i s msI nt h emo d e le x p e r i me n t , s u l p h a t e - r e d u c i n gb a c t e r i a( S R B ) g e n e r aD e s u l f o
47、v i b r i os p p . a n ds u l p h u r — o x i d i s i n gb a c t e r i ag e n e r aAc .t h i o o x i d a n swe r eu s e d . S u l p h a t e -r e d u c i n gb a c t e r i a( S R B ) D e s u l f o v i b r i od e s u l f u
48、r i c a n su s e di nt h ee x p e r i me n twe r ei s o l a t e df ro m ami x e dc u l t u r eo b t a i n e df r o m t h ep o t a b l emi n e r a lwa t e r( G a jd o v k as p r i n g , t h el o c a l i t yK o s i c e —
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