comparative study on technology standardization of civil engineering between china and europe

1、Comparative Study on Technology Standardization of Civil Engineering between China and Europe Liu Xiaoping ,Yang Jing,You Tao School of Hydraulic Engineering Changsha University of Science technology standardization

2、; comparative study; management system for standards ; industry standards I. INTRODUCTION Civil Engineering standards are the technical principles targets and principles of the limits of the application in the field o

3、f Civil Engineering. And they are the basic principles to engage in Civil Engineering which have especially important influence on development in the field of engineering from their contents, a compilation structure a

4、nd level etc. In the market system, an improved and advanced technical standard system is the important technical foundation to promote the national economy and social development, to standardize the market economic

5、order and to improve the socialism market economic system, and it is needed to improve international competitiveness [1].Over the past 20 years, technology standards of civil engineering in China have been deve

6、loping well and progressing greatly with the formation and development of international economic system. Quantity and coverage has greatly improved and has played a great role in engineering building development of o

7、ur country. However, due to the impact of plan economic inertia, China's current standardization management has a large gap to developed countries in standards system, management system for standards and op

8、eration system for standards, and other areas. Parts of Operation Mode fall short of the requirements of the WTO agreement which has seriously hampered objectives realization of China’s target of “taking a new road to

9、 industrialization, the realization of economic, social and human harmonious development of the comprehensive construction of a well-off society“. Comparatively studying on technology standardization of civil enginee

10、ring between China and Europe, this paper analyzes the advantages of European standards in the field of civil engineering and explores the development direction of technology standards of civil engineering in China fo

11、r the further development and reference, as well as the foundation for effective management for civil engineering industries have been laid in China. II. TECHNOLOGY STANDARDIZATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN CHINAA. Sta

12、ndards System According to the” Standardization law of the People’s Republic of China”, The standards of China are divided to four parts which are National Standards, ?ndustry Standards, Local Standards and Enterprise

13、 Standards. Furthermore, because the technology is still developing, there are some projects, which need corresponding standards document with standardization value to lead them to develop but yet can not be formulate

14、d to a standards project, and which adopt the technical report of International Organization for Standardization, International Electro-technical Commission and other international organizations, technical docume

15、nts of national standardized should be formulated [2].According to their characteristics, the standards of China conclude mandatory standards and recommended standards [3]. The feature of National Standards and Indust

16、ry Standards is that mandatory and voluntary standards exist at the same time, and mandatory standards also occupy a large proportion [4].In China, the work of Civil Engineering standardization began from the 1950s.

17、It is mainly composed of the following 10 majors:(1) Engineering Materials (2) Engineering Investigation (3) Engineering foundation and basis (4) Construction Engineering (5) Public Engineering (6) Road Engineer

18、ing(7) Railway Project(8) Port and waterway engineering (9) Water conservancy and hydropower project 978-1-4244-2108-4/08/$25.00 © 2008 IEEE 1the People's Republic of China Local Standards of Quality Supe

19、rvision Enterprise Standards 1 Q+* The People's Republic of China Enterprise Product Standards Enterprises The Ministry of Water Resources is the administrative departments of the hydrology standardization w

20、ork, which is in charge of international cooperation and science and technology department. In the program of the Ministry of Water Resources Standards, the main standardization functions of international cooperation

21、 and technology is to develop water quality standards and industry technical point of order, regulate and supervise the implementation for the organization, which is characterized by being government-led. C. ?peration

22、 ?ystem for ?tandards In our country the standardization of construction projects mainly rely on a small number of government agencies and professional association standardization. The standardization work is led by t

23、he government, from the top to the down. Except the professional Standardization Association, non-governmental organizations who want to be in the formulation of standards are required for application and allowed

24、 to carry out in standards scheme; or accept the commission by the department for standards to establish and amend standards [7]. Take the Water Technical standards for example, the main standard items are formed by t

25、he standards authority or executive departments. It is not common that is formed by Water Enterprises. The preparation plan of the National standards is reported to the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Qu

26、antity by the Ministry of Water Resources, then the preparation plan of water industry standards is issued by the Ministry of Water Resources. The organization and supervision of standards are the business of the exp

27、erts from the Ministry of Water Resources Division. The Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Quantity approval National Standards, and Water Conservancy Industry Standards is formed by the Ministry of Water Re

28、sources. The copyright of standards does not belong to its compilers or its manager, but to its administrative departments. Further more, the standards are published by government departments and are sold under the pu

29、blisher public offering, the income does not belong to the establishers of standards or its managers. III. TECHNOLOGY STANDARDIZATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN EUROPEA. Standards System Being adopted for repeating or co

30、ntinuing to apply by the European Organization for Standardization, European standards are technical specifications with non-mandatory application. They are unified standards used in the most developed countries.

31、 The system of that is the earliest and most complete standard system in developed countries and generally concluding corresponding agencies and documents. European Organization for Standardization constitutes European

32、 Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Commission Electro-technical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) [8].And the relevant Organization of civil engineerin

33、g technology standardization is European Committee for Standardization. CEN standards and technical documents constitute four categories: 1?European Standard, EN: Standards are formulated by CEN and other European o

34、rganizations. European Standard (EN)are based on German standard (DIN)and the British Standard (BS), but its authoritative is higher than Britain, Germany, France, and other country's national standards, and it r

35、epresents the most advanced international standards and strict system. 2 ? Harmonizing Document, HD: In process of the formulation of European standards, when there is a lack of co-ordination between its content and

36、the standardization system of members, that when “national bias“ can not be avoided, the form of HD is used. 3?ENV?The standards are formulated for future by CEN and CENELEC, the time of provisional implementation is

37、 three years, and the inconsistent national standards can be retained. 4?CEN/CENELEC Report (CR): As news published by these two European organizations, including standards without approval, the draft of coordinatio

38、n document, the difference situation that international standards are adopted by all member countries, a purely technical issue and so on[9].Drafting of a new standard, European Organization for Standardization takes

39、International Standards actively as a European standard. At present, the European standards which are adopted by CEN, 32% of that adopts the ISO standards directly. B. Management System for Standards European Committ

40、ee for Standardization (CEN) is founded in 1961, working with supporting of Association of France Organization for Standardization (AFNOR). It moved to Brussels in 1975, and became an international, non-profit scienc

41、e and technology organization formally. At present, there are 208 members. According to the Procedure Rules of CEN amended in October 1981, CEN is including all of the General Assembly, the Board of Management, Techno

42、logy Agency, the Central Secretariat, the Technical Committee. The technical structure of CEN is Technical Committee (TC). Because TC is based on the needs of compositing the standard, it will dissolute after complet

43、ing the tasks, thus there are larger changes. The Technical Committees related to civil engineering are the European concrete Board (CEB), the European Cement Association (CEMBUREAU), the European Federation of ?onst