國際貿易實務復習資料(完整版)

1、position-related consumption of civil servants has been swept by finance, consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance and waste in the civil service position-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzlement, corrup

2、tion is important. Then, under the conditions of market economy, how to reform the existing civil duty consumption management, explores a source to prevent and curb the post consumption corruption way, is currently a maj

3、or issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducted research on this issue, this problem on some humble opinions. First, the existing public servants ' duty consumption the main problems seen from the investigati

4、on and reasons, in recent years, public servants ' duty consumption caused by the abuses and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems in the party in Government, its operation order have a negative eff

5、ect on the party and Government organs, seriously damaging the image of the party and the Government, undermining the relationship between party and the masses, effect, opening up and economic construction. From I County

6、 in recent years of governance situation see, positions consumption in the produced of “two not“ phenomenon rendering four a features: a is positions consumption system lost has due of binding, right is greater than rul

7、es, and right is greater than method of phenomenon more highlight; II is in positions consumption in the Camera Obscura operation, using terms, will positions consumption into has personal consumption, will corporate poi

8、nts to into personal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspects has into positions enjoy and self-dealing of means; three is to positions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Trend of negative cor

9、ruption phenomena such as corruption and misappropriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, and post consumption became a symbol of showing off their individual capacities. Caused by public servants

10、 ' duty consumption of many “two“ phenomenon in which people reflect the biggest problems are: (a) the official car problems. Mainly in three aspects: one is the larger buses cost expenditure. According to statistics

11、, until November 2003, XX County township Department bus 159 cars, which department owns the bus 145 vehicles, and showed an increasing trend. Financial expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every co

12、st up to 50,000 yuan. Some units also hiring temporary drivers and expenditure on wages and subsidies. Necessary to “keep a car“, but also “dependants“, leading to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong breed unhealthy

13、tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus drivers use one-third, one-third leading private one-third used for official purposes. Some public servants, especially leading officials motoring, cars for private purpo

14、ses, violating the self-discipline regulations, and even lead to traffic accidents. According to statistics from related departments, since 2004, the correct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private

15、purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purposes orleaders driving a vehicle accident caused by road accidents, 1, 1 people killed and direct economic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. Thir

16、d, high efficiency and low cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operating costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundamental priority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in the reform process. C

17、learly, the post consumption averages three years before as a base and fine-tuned on the basis of this single practices must be improved. Improvements to adhere to three principles: first, under the existing policy provi

18、sions approved for public servants ' duty consumption standards, calibration, is not contrary to policy. Second, according to the local financial situation and people's sustainability, public servants ' duty

19、consumption standards approved, both financial reach, and people passing through. Third, according to the operational needs of civil servants responsible for authorized public servants ' duty consumption standards, b

20、oth high and low positions, but also the nature of the work and the workload. In reform of method Shang, approved civil servants positions consumption standard to “big unified, and small dispersed“ suitable, that most

21、 positions consumption project should according to policy provides proposed unified standard, consider to ranks, and units and the work task of differences sex, unified of standard should has elastic of and dynamic of, m

22、akes regions, and units in implementation unified standard Shi has must of flexible disposal right; but since set of standard must after financial, and audit, sector audit approved Hou to implementation. (C) reform packa

23、ge. Public servants ' duty consumption elasticity of consumption to limit consumption, turning mess into kitchen after dinner, follow the civil servant with a how to use personal title subsidies, or how to manage a p

24、ersonal duty consumption use of subsidies. Therefore, we must establish and perfect with public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform support of the series of governance systems such as the civil service ex

25、amination of responsibility, system, low fault investigation system, the report said. While other measures to keep up. Discipline inspection and supervision organs, financial, auditing departments should strengthen su

26、pervision and inspection of public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform progress, to strengthen the reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor th

27、e implementation of inspection, not consumption as required, even shifting consumer behavior to stop, serious cases to deal with. Three ideas, public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform of politics, the e

28、conomy and the deepening of the reform, public servants ' duty consumption as somewhere between a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civil servants especially party and Government lead

29、ers and public servants ' duty consumption there are big drawbacks. NPC deputies and CPPCC members and the broad masses are concerned about. Secondly, the10 秋國際貿易實務期末復習資料 （一） 填空填（每空 1 分，共 20 分）1、 國際貿易的產生必須具備兩個條件：即

30、國家的形成 和 國際分工 的存在。2、 按照清償工具劃分國際貿易可以劃分為 自由結匯貿易 和 易貨貿易。3、 國際市場價格按其成因及變化特征，可以分為 國際“自由市場”價格 和 國際“封閉市場”價格。4、 綠色壁壘 是一種新興的關稅壁壘措施，是指一國以保護有限資源、生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類健康為名來限制國外產品的進入。5、 外匯傾銷 是出口企業(yè)利用本國貨幣對外貶值的機會，進行商品傾銷，爭奪國外市場的一種特殊手段。6、 關稅的征收方法主要有

31、 從量稅 和 從價稅，在此基礎上，又有混合稅和選擇稅。7、 國際貨物貿易程序是以合同為中心進行的。圍繞合同，主要包括 交易前的準備工作 、貿易洽商 、簽訂合同。8、 貿易洽商一般包括 詢盤 、發(fā)盤、還盤、接受 四個環(huán)節(jié)。9、 正式合同一般由三部分組成，即 約首 、正文 、約尾。10、國際貿易術語也稱價格術語，是指用一成和交易雙方的有關 責任 、費用 、和 風險 的劃分的一種專門用語。11、出口商品價格的構成包括 成本 、費用

32、 、和 預期利潤 三部分。12、出口商品盈虧率是指 出口商品盈虧額 與 出口總成本 的比率。13、合同中的價格條款包括 單價 和 總值 兩部分。14、單價通常由四部分組成，即 計量單位 、單位價格金額 、計價貨幣 、貿易術語。15、在國際貿易實踐中買賣雙方的作價方法主要有： 固定價格 、暫不固定價格、部份固定價格，部分暫不定價、暫定價格、滑動價格。16、國際貿易中表示商品品質的方法主要包括： 憑實物樣品 表示和 憑文字說明 表

33、示兩大類。17、買賣合同中的數(shù)量條款主要包括交貨的 溢短裝條款 和 約量條款。18、商品包裝作用可分為 運輸包裝 和 銷售包裝。19、包裝標志按其用途，可分為 運輸標志、指示性標志、和 警告性標志等。20、國際貨物貿易合同中的 品名、品質 、數(shù)量 和 包裝 的訂立，是買賣雙方交貨物的依據(jù)。21、國際貨運代理人按法律特征的不同可分為 居間人型 、代理人型 、和 當事人型22、目前世界上主要有 3 條大陸橋：西伯利亞大陸橋 、北美大

34、陸橋 和 新歐亞大陸橋。23、滯期費 是指實際裝卸時間超過許可裝卸時間，租船人支付給船東一定的補償金。24、海上風險保險業(yè)把海上貨物運輸?shù)娘L險分成 海上風險 和 外來風險 兩類。25、海上損失按照程度不同可分為 自然災害 和 意外事故。26、海運貨物保險的險別可分為 基本險 和 附加險。27、航空運輸貨物保險的基本險別有 航空運輸險 和 航空運輸一切險。28、郵運包裹保險是承包郵包在運輸途中因 自然災害 、意外事故 和 外來原因 所造

35、成的損失。29、匯票的基本當事人包括： 出票人 、收款人 和 付款人。30、本票按出票人不同可以分為 出票人 和 收款人。31、匯付業(yè)務主要涉及的當事人有： 匯款人 、收款人 、匯出行 和 匯入行。32、常見的商品檢驗檢疫的內容有 品質檢驗 數(shù)（重）量檢驗、 包裝檢驗 、衛(wèi)生檢驗 、 殘損檢驗 等。33、我國的進出口商品檢驗檢疫工作的程序主要包括 申請檢驗 、抽樣 、檢驗 、簽發(fā)證書四個環(huán)節(jié)。34、索賠的對象是指對索賠方承擔損失賠

36、償?shù)蓉熑蔚漠斒氯?。在實際業(yè)務中經常遇到 保險索賠 、運輸索賠 和 買賣索賠等情況。35、引起不可抗力的原因主要有兩種：自然原因 和 社會原因。36、國際貿易中，一旦發(fā)生爭議時，當事人可按照合同約定或爭議的情況采用 協(xié)商 、調解 、訴訟 、仲裁 的方式解決爭議。37、檢驗檢疫的范圍包括 法定檢驗檢疫 、公證鑒定 和 買方檢驗檢疫。38、海關機構的設置為 海關部署 、 直屬海關 和 隸屬海關 三級。39、按照報關對象，可分為 進出境運

37、輸工具報關 貨物報關 和 物品報關。40、進口貨物報關單一式五聯(lián)，分別是：海關作業(yè)聯(lián) 、海關留存聯(lián) 企業(yè)留存聯(lián) 、海關核銷聯(lián) 和 進口付匯證明聯(lián)。41、出口合同的履行歸納起來主要是： 貨 、 證 、 船 、 款 這四個環(huán)節(jié)。42、我國出口結匯的做法有以下三種：收妥結匯 、出口押匯 和 定期結匯。43、結匯單據(jù)必須做到四個一致： 單證一致 、單單一致 、單貨一致 、單同一致。44、報關單一般填寫一式三聯(lián)：第一聯(lián)為 海關留存聯(lián) ，第二

38、聯(lián)為 海關統(tǒng)計聯(lián)，第三聯(lián) 企業(yè)留存聯(lián)。45、通用保險為 保險單 、保險憑證 、聯(lián)合保險憑證 、預約保險單。46、信用證對收貨人的規(guī)定 記名式 指示式 不記名式 三種方式。47、按照經銷商權限的不同，經銷可分為兩種類型：一般經銷 和 獨家經銷。P295position-related consumption of civil servants has been swept by finance, consumer, regardless

39、of cost, extravagance and waste in the civil service position-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzlement, corruption is important. Then, under the conditions of market economy, how to reform the existing civ

40、il duty consumption management, explores a source to prevent and curb the post consumption corruption way, is currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducted research on this issue, this problem on

41、 some humble opinions. First, the existing public servants ' duty consumption the main problems seen from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, public servants ' duty consumption caused by the abuses an

42、d not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems in the party in Government, its operation order have a negative effect on the party and Government organs, seriously damaging the image of the party and the Gover

43、nment, undermining the relationship between party and the masses, effect, opening up and economic construction. From I County in recent years of governance situation see, positions consumption in the produced of “two not

44、“ phenomenon rendering four a features: a is positions consumption system lost has due of binding, right is greater than rules, and right is greater than method of phenomenon more highlight; II is in positions consumpti

45、on in the Camera Obscura operation, using terms, will positions consumption into has personal consumption, will corporate points to into personal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspects has into positions

46、enjoy and self-dealing of means; three is to positions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Trend of negative corruption phenomena such as corruption and misappropriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, ri

47、valries, wasteful, and post consumption became a symbol of showing off their individual capacities. Caused by public servants ' duty consumption of many “two“ phenomenon in which people reflect the biggest problems a

48、re: (a) the official car problems. Mainly in three aspects: one is the larger buses cost expenditure. According to statistics, until November 2003, XX County township Department bus 159 cars, which department owns the bu

49、s 145 vehicles, and showed an increasing trend. Financial expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yuan. Some units also hiring temporary drivers and expenditure on wages and su

50、bsidies. Necessary to “keep a car“, but also “dependants“, leading to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong breed unhealthy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus drivers use one-third, one-third leading priv

51、ate one-third used for official purposes. Some public servants, especially leading officials motoring, cars for private purposes, violating the self-discipline regulations, and even lead to traffic accidents. According t

52、o statistics from related departments, since 2004, the correct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purposes orleaders driving a vehic

53、le accident caused by road accidents, 1, 1 people killed and direct economic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. Third, high efficiency and low cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operating costs of taxis for

54、 the 8200/... Is a fundamental priority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in the reform process. Clearly, the post consumption averages three years before as a base and fine-tuned on the basis

55、of this single practices must be improved. Improvements to adhere to three principles: first, under the existing policy provisions approved for public servants ' duty consumption standards, calibration, is not contra

56、ry to policy. Second, according to the local financial situation and people's sustainability, public servants ' duty consumption standards approved, both financial reach, and people passing through. Third, accord

57、ing to the operational needs of civil servants responsible for authorized public servants ' duty consumption standards, both high and low positions, but also the nature of the work and the workload. In reform of m

58、ethod Shang, approved civil servants positions consumption standard to “big unified, and small dispersed“ suitable, that most positions consumption project should according to policy provides proposed unified standard, c

59、onsider to ranks, and units and the work task of differences sex, unified of standard should has elastic of and dynamic of, makes regions, and units in implementation unified standard Shi has must of flexible disposal ri

60、ght; but since set of standard must after financial, and audit, sector audit approved Hou to implementation. (C) reform package. Public servants ' duty consumption elasticity of consumption to limit consumption, turn

61、ing mess into kitchen after dinner, follow the civil servant with a how to use personal title subsidies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsidies. Therefore, we must establish and perfect with public

62、 servants ' duty consumption monetization reform support of the series of governance systems such as the civil service examination of responsibility, system, low fault investigation system, the report said. While oth

63、er measures to keep up. Discipline inspection and supervision organs, financial, auditing departments should strengthen supervision and inspection of public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform progress

64、, to strengthen the reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor the implementation of inspection, not consumption as required, even shifting consumer behavior to

65、 stop, serious cases to deal with. Three ideas, public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform of politics, the economy and the deepening of the reform, public servants ' duty consumption as somewhere bet

66、ween a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civil servants especially party and Government leaders and public servants ' duty consumption there are big drawbacks. NPC deputies and CPPCC

67、members and the broad masses are concerned about. Secondly, the名、商標、牌號的包裝。是國際貿易常見的習慣做法，目的在于打破某些國家對某些商品征收高關稅和實行不合理的配額限制。改正：中性包裝是指包裝內外不標明生產國、廠名的包裝。是國際貿易常見的習慣做法，目的在于打破某些國家對某些商品征收高關稅和實行不合理的配額限制。24、 （ √ ）國際上通用的條形碼有兩種，一種是美國統(tǒng)一代

68、碼會編制的 UPC 碼；另一種是歐洲成立的國際物品編碼協(xié)會編制的 EAN 碼。目前 EAN 是國際上使用最廣`、國際公認的物品編碼標語系統(tǒng)。 25、 （ X ）農產品因受自然條件的影響較大，難以用文字說明，所以確定其品質的方法通常是憑等級買賣。改正：農產品因受自然條件的影響較大，難以用文字說明，所以確定其品質的方法通常是憑產地名稱買賣。26、 （ X ）國際貿易中最主要的運輸方式是鐵路運輸。改正：國際貿易中最主要的運輸方式是海洋運輸。2