外文文獻—管理信息系統(tǒng)的起源與發(fā)展

1、附錄 附錄The Origin and Development of the Management Information SystemThe history of the Management Information System are not long, has studied the time with more than 40 years about its system till now, as a new developi

2、ng discipline, its development course has roughly gone through following several stages: The word of Management Information System (MIS) appeared in the 1960s first, university Professor, G.B.Davis of management college,

3、 Minnesota of U.S.A., lead colleague of him begin further investigation, the MIS of field. The appearance of the MIS, has brought the revolutionary change to management in the future, people can not imagine today's s

4、tatus and function in the business activities of all organizations of the MIS at all at that time, especially the development at full speed of the technology of the computer with science and technology, the MIS, this dis

5、cipline, is being perfected constantly, occupy quite important position during nowadays fierce market competition. The use of information is not a patent of the modern society. The period of Three Kindoms Zhu Ge-liang “

6、grass ship borrow arrow “ that women and children know all, astronomy, geographical information model of magical effect. Such an example can be found everywhere at all times and in all lands, only the understanding of in

7、formation was not far as the understanding of information of today at that time, it is incomparable too in information treatment technology, method and means. The development of any discipline is all closely linked to en

8、vironment and condition of the society at that time, economic, technology. The MIS is the same too, after the mankind enters the industrial society, out of the requirements for survival and development, people begin to t

9、ry to use more advanced equipment and technical treatment and use information. At the beginning of the 19th century at the end of the 18th century, the appearance of the card punch, people felt the revolutionary era of i

10、nformation processing has already comes, this is leap of information processing before a computer appears.Entering the fifties, the mankind invented the computer, though the computer at that time and our computer of toda

11、y were unable to compare, but people have still seen its development potentiality in information processing, then try to make use of it to assist people to manage one's own business in conditional beginning, replace

12、and deal with a large number of data artificially with the computer. It seems today that the MIS is from the life beginning to really come into people at this moment. It is earliest and using the best system of the resul

13、t to be should be EDP to deserve to be called the MIS, namely we call that the electronic data handling system (Electronic Data Processing) now. EDP kept using until the 1990s, did not withdraw from the stage gradually u

14、ntil INTERNET is popularized. In middle period of the fifties, people began to realize it with the development of industrialized society, production scale and field are expanding constantly, the constant improvement of t

15、he production automation level, production and circulation grow with each passing day, make the information related to producing expand at double, therefore the management is more and more complicated. It is organization

16、s' common expectation that the treatment to information is required in time, accurate. Then General Electric Co. Limited of U.S.A. used the computer to calculate and calculate with the cost accounting the earliest co

17、mputer salary in 1954, this is an early shape of the MIS, and a masterpiece of EDP. U.S.A. use computer carry on pioneer of data processing, among computer of nearly 3,000 of U.S.A. will it be the end the fifties, nearly

18、 80% is used in developing period. Because there is guarantee of technology, the thing that can only want to can't be done in a lot of befores can all be very easy to realize. The mankind has not only entered and man

19、aged times with no paper at all but also begin to enter the times of management based on artificial intelligence, people begin to study and apply the artificial intelligence theory to business administration and combine

20、with DSS etc., the expert system used in management begins to appear too. This kind of system has offered a tool to the reasoning structure of the expert system and knowledge base editor besides offering user's enorm

21、ous model storehouse, users can use knowledge base and reasoning organization in the system to carry on reasoning to the decision question, get relevant conclusions. The mid-or late-1980s, have presented the high level a

22、nd in charge of the information system in succession (Executive Information Systems, EIS) and the strategic information system (Strategy Information Systems, SIS). The former is that one kind faces the top management tea

23、m's DSS while organizing in fact, the latter is mainly the decision support to strategy and policy of organizing.In the 1990s, human entry reached information age. This period, people's understanding that informa

24、tion is new, and pay great attention. Information as basic resource of enterprise, become from one status of supporting role all enterprise produce and manage main role of course nowadays already. Nobody's enormous f

25、unction on information has any suspicion in modern enterprises, people know clearly, has ignored the control over information, working efficiency and work quality are difficult to improve, it is difficult to keep unbeate

26、n in the fierce market competition. The trend of the economic globalization has already been invented apparently, the rival from both home and abroad will be stronger and stronger, today of treatment technology high deve

27、lopment of information, mean grasping the most advanced tool of production too after grasping the information resources, thus have the initiative in hands in keen competition. On the other hand, the development of inform

28、ation industrialization has advanced the process of industry's informationization too, the status in people's production, living of information industry represented by Internet is rising constantly, the informati

29、on management has already become key technology of supporting enterprises. The 1990s were the times that the MIS was developed rapidly, such advanced persons as ERP, MRPII, JIT, OPT, etc. produced the office procedure to

30、 combine with the MIS closely, become ripe on behalf of modern enterprise gradually in management, modern the MIS whether concept of the MIS of information age take shape gradually. Since later stage of the 1990s, the co

31、ncepts of knowledge economy and information management have already been accepted by people, and begin application in enterprises with better foundation. The MIS is being perfected with development constantly in the new

32、social environment, economic environment, face the problem that a lot of are new at the same time. Enter 21st century, information become primary key element, enterprise of resource already, control over information and

33、is it have new intension also to use. Get in touch closer in the MIS, other methods and technology of information age, the transformations of e- commerce, knowledge economy, modern enterprise's course, are all focuse

34、s in the 21st century. Internet and Intranet permeate through enterprises, present the MIS is not confined to the management respects of enterprises either, the reliance on information of enterprise of today was incompar

35、able at any time in the past.The MIS is a developing concept, its development comes from the enterprise and the society to its demand. People proposed “ information management and information system “ in order to replace