無(wú)名的勇者——論陳學(xué)昭創(chuàng)作的精神矛盾與內(nèi)在沖突

1、 I 摘 要 在 20 世紀(jì)中國(guó)文學(xué)史上，陳學(xué)昭是一個(gè)經(jīng)常被忽略而又獨(dú)特的存在。作為跨越現(xiàn)代、當(dāng)代兩個(gè)時(shí)期的女性知識(shí)分子作家，陳學(xué)昭及她的作品大多被湮沒(méi)，影響力非常薄弱。但與寂寞的文壇地位相對(duì)的是陳學(xué)昭終其一生的不停寫(xiě)作，兩者形成巨大反差。與同時(shí)代其他作家相比，陳學(xué)昭的獨(dú)特性在于始終堅(jiān)持基于自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)的“個(gè)人化寫(xiě)作”，也正是這份堅(jiān)持決定了陳學(xué)昭在個(gè)人話語(yǔ)與主流話語(yǔ)的沖突中“低飛”的宿命。本文以陳學(xué)昭的“個(gè)人化寫(xiě)作”為主要研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)對(duì)

2、其一生寫(xiě)作的追溯，分析其寫(xiě)作中蘊(yùn)藏的精神矛盾與內(nèi)在沖突。全文的結(jié)構(gòu)由緒論、正文和結(jié)語(yǔ)三部分構(gòu)成，其中正文分為三章。 緒論：?jiǎn)栴}的提出及研究現(xiàn)狀、研究意義，對(duì)作家的創(chuàng)作進(jìn)行分期界定。 第一章：結(jié)合陳學(xué)昭早期生平經(jīng)歷分析其進(jìn)入延安之前的創(chuàng)作。首先，分析陳學(xué)昭精神資源的形成，指出“五四”精神、法國(guó)文化以及個(gè)人生命體驗(yàn)構(gòu)成了陳學(xué)昭獨(dú)特的精神世界。其次，比較分析陳學(xué)昭與冰心等人共同進(jìn)入《新文學(xué)大系》和三十年代女作家論的經(jīng)歷，認(rèn)為在新文學(xué)初創(chuàng)期，陳

3、學(xué)昭雖以“新女性”作為時(shí)代的先聲登上文壇，但是獲得肯定的同時(shí)也面臨著寫(xiě)作的困境，文本中成為歷史主體的訴求被遮蔽。最后,分析三十年代文壇轉(zhuǎn)向革命文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的主流后，陳學(xué)昭仍創(chuàng)作以《南風(fēng)的夢(mèng)》為代表的“女性知識(shí)分子”系列小說(shuō)，顯示出與主潮不合時(shí)宜和對(duì)革命政治的保持距離。這種個(gè)人化的寫(xiě)作一直延續(xù)到 1938 年以體制外的自由知識(shí)分子身份創(chuàng)作的《延安訪問(wèn)記》。 第二章：對(duì)陳學(xué)昭進(jìn)入體制后的創(chuàng)作進(jìn)行分析。首先，以《工作著是美麗的》為個(gè)案研究， 與楊

4、沫的 《青春之歌》 進(jìn)行比較， 分析陳學(xué)昭的 “個(gè)人化” 文本形成過(guò)程的 “前史”、“后史”與《青春之歌》存在的差異。其次，分析兩個(gè)文本在主題、文學(xué)接受兩方面的差異，并分析其原因。最后，對(duì)陳學(xué)昭精神困境的原因分析。揭示知識(shí)分子改造帶來(lái)的“身份”轉(zhuǎn)型和政治話語(yǔ)規(guī)約下女性主體性訴求的遮蔽是陳學(xué)昭精神矛盾與內(nèi)在沖突的重要原因。 第三章：對(duì)新中國(guó)成立后的創(chuàng)作分析。首先，對(duì)五六十年代創(chuàng)作的《土地》、《春茶》與建國(guó)前土改小說(shuō)經(jīng)典《太陽(yáng)照在桑干河上》

5、、 《暴風(fēng)驟雨》、《邪不壓正》比較，指出對(duì)主流話語(yǔ)的一種刻意模仿， 難以回避這一題材無(wú)法繞開(kāi)的暴力、 落后分子等問(wèn)題，藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作力的逐漸喪失使陳學(xué)昭難以寫(xiě)出讓人喜愛(ài)的作品， 難以引起讀者和評(píng)論界的關(guān)注。其次，新時(shí)期后，對(duì)《工作著是美麗的》、《土地》、《春茶》多次修改，版本問(wèn)題顯示了陳學(xué)昭寫(xiě)作另一種努力的可能性；書(shū)寫(xiě)《天涯歸客》、《浮沉雜憶》個(gè)人回憶錄直到生命的最后時(shí)刻，這與她的小說(shuō)創(chuàng)作形成一種文本上的互文。對(duì)小說(shuō)的修改和回憶錄的書(shū)寫(xiě)，都是

6、試圖努力實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)個(gè)人話語(yǔ)的回歸。 III Abstract In the history of Chinese literature of the 20th century, of Chen Xuezhao is an often ignored and unique presence. As spans modern, contemporary women intellectuals two periods writer of Chen

7、 Xuezhao and her work has mostly been obliterated, the influence is very weak. However, with lonely position relative literature is of Chen Xuezhao kept a lifetime of writing, the two form a great contrast. Compared with

8、 other contemporary writers, of Chen Xuezhao unique in that always adhere to based on their own experience “personal“ writing, it is precisely this decision to uphold the individual words of Chen Xuezhao in conflict with

9、 mainstream discourse in “l(fā)ow-flying“ fate. In this paper of Chen Xuezhao “personal“ writing as the main object of study, a retrospective of their life through writing, analytical writing built their spiritual conflicts

10、and inner conflict. The structure consists of the full text of the introduction, body and conclusion of three parts, in which the body is divided into three chapters. Introduction:The “pre Yan’an” period (1924--1942); Th

11、e Yan’an period (1942--1949); “the Yan’an” period (1949--1991) to define. Chapter one: This chapter start with socio-cultural factors and personal factors analysis of both the formation of Chen Xuezhao spiritual resource

12、s, thus found that “May Fourth Movement“ literature, French culture and personal life experiences constitute Chen Xuezhao unique spiritual world. Secondly, the comparative analysis of Chen Xuezhao and Bing jointly enter

13、the “New Literature“ Women Writers on experiences and 1930s, which found that in the start-up of new literature, Chen Xuezhao although the “new woman“ as a harbinger of Deng era the literary world, but at the same time a

14、ffirmed also faced with the dilemma of writing. Finally, the analysis of the thirties literary revolution turned mainstream literary creation, creation of Chen Xuezhao still a “southerly Dream“ representative “of women i

15、ntellectuals“ series of novels, showing the main current of the outdated and maintain a distance of revolutionary politics . Such personal writing has been extended to 1938, with its own identity outside the system of in

16、tellectual creation “Yan'an access in mind“. Chapter two:The creation of Chen Xuezhao after entering the system foranalysis.First,the “work is beautiful”as a case study,and Yang Mo’s Song of Youth”comparison,analysis

17、 of Chen Xuezhao “personal”text and text formation process “pre-history”,and “Song of Youth” difference exist.Secondly,through the analysis of “Song of Youth” and “Working is beautiful” text subject can be learned,the fo

18、rmer in order to obtain legitimacy text text to create a complex structure caused by the fracture theme,while the latter insists its independence text themes and artistic pursuits led to the occurrence of dislocation the

19、me the times.Two text in different themes.lesd to different results accepted,thus differ in position in literary history.Finally,the spirit of reason analysis of the characteristics of Chen Xuezhao.Reveals the transforma