20160527縣教研概要寫作 陳奕蓓

1、Traffic jam,What’s the writing style of this passage?,A. Narration(記敘文)B. Argumentation(議論文)C. Exposition(說明文),,To convince the readers that the ideas are true and worth considering.,To inform or explain an opinion b

2、y providing materials.,While exposition does not always contain argumentation, argumentation always contains exposition.,Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4,,Traffic jam has become a major problem……,Why is traffic jam a probl

3、em?,,At first…,In addition…,Apart from…,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars.,Traffic jam can be dealt with by correct means.,,…maybe a means,in the meantime,first reason,Anyway…,,Step one: Find out k

4、ey information,Moreover…,Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4,,Traffic jam has become a major problem……,structure of the passage,Why is traffic jam a problem?,,At first…,In addition…,Apart from…,Traffic jam is the result of th

5、e increasing private cars.,Traffic jam can be dealt with by correct means.,,…maybe a means,,The problem: traffic jam,The effects of traffic jam,The reasons of traffic jam(increasing cars),The solutions of traffic jam,fir

6、st reason,Anyway…,Moreover…,in the meantime,Structure of “Problem-Solution” Passage,problem,reasons,solutions,,,Paragraph 1: problem,At present, traffic jam has become a major problem which most city dwellers, especially

7、 those who live in metropolis have to face in their everyday lives.,,At present, traffic jam has become a major problem which most city dwellers have to face.,at present: ____________________________________________ a m

8、ajor problem: _______________________________________ city dwellers: __________________________________________ face: _________________________________________________,nowadays, currently, in the contemporary society,a

9、 main/key problem,citizens, residents,be faced with, confront,Nowadays traffic jam becomes a main problem which citizens have to confront.,,Step Two: Rewrite,concise, coherent, correct, complete,At present, traffic jam

10、has become a major problem which most city dwellers have to face.,Nowadays traffic jam becomes a main problem which citizens have to confront.,At present city dwellers have to face a major problem, _______________.,the t

11、raffic jam,Traffic jam now becomes a(an)____________ problem for citizens.,unavoidable,concise, coherent, correct, complete,,,At first, owing to the fact that the vehicles keep giving off harmful gases during traffic jam

12、s, the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.,In addition, traffic jams will affect the effectiveness of work, because people have to spend much more time on way to office than necessary, and their work will be delayed.,Ap

13、art from this, traffic jam might give rise to more traffic accidents and therefore becomes a great danger to people’s lives.,Paragraph 2: effects,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Nowadays traffic jams becomes a major

14、 problem _________ the vehicles release harmful gases and may cause accidents.,because,Because it has caused many problems. ______________, traffic jam leads vehicles to release more harmful gases, _______(make) the eart

15、h warmer. _________________, it also reduces the effectiveness of work.,On one hand,making,On the other hand,Because it has caused many problems _________ leading vehicles to release more harmful gases, reducing the work

16、 efficiency and _____ threatening people’s lives.,such as,even,Paragraph 3: reasons,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars. Why? Personally I think, the first reason may be the remoteness of people’s wo

17、rkplace. ……Moreover, owning a private car, …is a symbol of wealth and high social position… is also the symbol of independence and maturity. Anyway, owning and driving cars are regarded by many people as basic human righ

18、ts.,,The increasing private cars result in traffic jam.,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars. Why? Personally I think, the first reason may be the remoteness of people’s workplace. ……Moreover, owning

19、a private car, …is a symbol of wealth and high social position… is also the symbol of independence and maturity. Anyway, owning and driving cars are regarded by many people as basic human rights.,,concise, coherent, corr

20、ect, complete,Paragraph 4: solutions,undoubtedly: ______________________________________ deal with: _________________________________________ correct: ___________________________________________ means: _______________

21、____________________________,without/beyond doubt, there is no doubt that,solve, handle, settle,effective, practical, proper, appropriate,way, method, approach,Undoubtedly, traffic jam must be, and can be dealt with prop

22、erly by correct means.,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Paragraph 4: solutions,Undoubtedly, traffic jam must be, and can be dealt with properly by correct means. In my view, spending more money on public transportati

23、on systems may be an effective means. Needless to say, policies which encourage people to put these systems to full use, for example, giving certain subsidies, are necessary. In the meantime, measures to restrict the use

24、 of private cars, such as improving the taxes on cars or petrol, should be taken.,It can be properly settled ________________________ _____________________________________________.,①It can be properly settled.②spend mor

25、e money on public transportation③restrict the use of private cars,,by investing more on public transportation and limiting the use of private cars,by doing,In order to…,In order to settle the problem, government shoul

26、d invest more on public transportation and limit the use of private cars.,from… to…,Measures should be taken to solve the problem from… to…,Measures should be taken to solve the problem from investing more on public tran

27、sportation to limiting the use of private cars. (such as …),concise, coherent, correct, complete,內容: 思維: 語言： 書寫：,理解正確，要點齊全,邏輯清晰，上下文連貫,準確，地道，豐富,好概要的標準,卷面整潔，字跡優(yōu)美,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Nowadays tra

28、ffic jam ….. Because …… release … affect… become a danger….Actually …… result in the traffic jam.There is no doubt that it’s vital to take measures…,Step Three: Combine the key information logically,concise, coherent,

29、 correct, complete,leads to,Nowadays citizens have to __________ (face) the traffic jam. It _______(cause) emission of waste gases affects the efficiency of work and ____(even/still) threatens people’s lives. Actually, _

30、__ ___the private cars _____ result in the traffic jams. _____________ (Undoubtedly) government should invest more on public transportation system and _____(restrict) the use of private cars. (54 words),, which,,even,it

31、 is,Beyond doubt,,limit,that,confront,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Nowadays citizens have to confront the traffic jam, which leads to emission of waste gases, affects the efficiency of work and threatens people

32、’s lives. Actually, it is the private cars that result in the traffic jams. Beyond doubt, government should invest more on public transportation system and limit the use of private cars. (54 words),Step Four: Polish,conc

33、ise, coherent, correct, complete,Traffic jam, a major current unavoidable problem for citizens, is caused by increasing vehicles, especially private cars. Too many vehicles cause traffic jams, even air pollution and othe

34、r many problems like road accidents. To give a fundamental solution, it is vital to reduce the booming number of private cars, which people own them for various reasons depending on the concepts in different parts of the

35、 present world. Besides, relevant laws should be made and concrete measures be taken to limit the number of private cars. (84 words),Traffic jam, a major current unavoidable problem for citizens, is caused by increasing

36、vehicles, especially private cars. Too many vehicles cause traffic jams, even air pollution and other many problems like road accidents. To give a fundamental solution, it is vital to reduce the booming number of private

37、 cars. Besides, relevant laws should be made and concrete measures be taken to limit the number of private cars.(67words),Homework,Write a summary of this passage.Pay attention to four principles: be concise, coherent,