2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:E2583?07(Reapproved2015)StardTestMethodfMeasuringDeflectionswithaLightWeightDeflectometer(LWD)1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2583thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginal

2、adoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationof

3、deflectionsofpavedunpavedsurfaceswithaLightWeightDeflectometer(LWD).ThisdeviceisalsoreferredtoasaPtableFallingWeightDeflectometer(PFWD).TheLWDislightweightptablegenerallyusedftestingunboundpavementlayers.Thedeflectionsme

4、asuredusinganLWDcanbeusedtodeterminethestiffnessofboundunboundpavementsurfacesusingappropriatebackfwardcalculationanalysistechniques.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesarefinfmat

5、iononly.1.3Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationsp

6、ritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D2487PracticefClassificationofSoilsfEngineeringPurposes(UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem)D4695GuidefGeneralPavementDeflectionMeasurements2.2OtherStards:3FHWAHRT06132Version4.1Lo

7、ngTermPavementPerfmanceProgramManualfFallingWeightDeflectometerMeasurements3.SummaryofTestMethod3.1Thistestmethodisatypeofplatebearingtest.Theloadisafcepulsegeneratedbyafallingweight(mass)pedonabuffersystemthattransmitst

8、heloadpulsethroughaplaterestingonthematerialtobetested.Thetestapparatusmaybehheldmovedaroundwithadollytypedevice.3.2Theweightisraisedtotheheightthatwhenpedwillimpartthedesiredfcepulse.Theweightispedtheresultingverticalmo

9、vementdeflectionofthesurfaceismeasuredusingsuitableinstrumentation.Multipletestsatthesameheight(differentheightsareoptional)maybeperfmedatthesamelocation.3.3Thepeakdeflectionresultingfromthefcepulseateachlocationisrecded

10、inmicrometresmillimetresmilsinchesasappropriate.3.4ThepeakfceimpartedbythefallingweightisrecdedasthefceinkNlbfasthemeanstress(thefcedividedbytheloadplatearea)inkNm2(kPa)psiasappropriate.4.SignificanceUse4.1Thistestmethod

11、coversthedeterminationofsurfacedeflectionsasaresultoftheapplicationofanimpulseload.Theresultingdeflectionsaremeasuredatthecenteroftheappliedloadmayalsobemeasuredatvariousdistancesawayfromtheload.Deflectionsmaybeeithercre

12、lateddirectlytopavementperfmanceusedtodetermineinsitumaterialacteristicsofthepavementlayers.Someusesofdataincludequalitycontrolqualityassuranceofcompactedlayersstructuralevaluationofloadcarryingcapacitydeterminationofthi

13、cknessrequirementsfhighwayairfieldpavements(seeGuideD4695).NOTE1—SincepavementsubgradematerialsmaybestressdependentcaremustbetakenwhenanalyzingLWDtestdataonunboundmaterialssothattheappliedstresswillcloselymatchthestressv

14、alueappliedbythedesignwheelloadatthepavementsurface.NOTE2—Thevolumeofthepavementsubgradematerialsaffectedbytheloadisafunctionofthemagnitudeoftheload.TherefecaremustbetakenwhenanalyzingtheresultssincethedataobtainedbytheL

15、WDmaybeobtainedfromasmallervolumeoftheunboundmaterialsthanundertheinfluenceofaheavymovingwheelloadatthepavementsurface.1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE17onVehiclePavementSystemsisthedirectresponsibil

16、ityofSubcommitteeE17.41onPavementTestingEvaluation.CurrenteditionapprovedSept.12015.PublishedDecember2015.iginallyapprovedin2007.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asE2583–07(2011).DOI:10.1520E258307R15.2FreferencedASTMsta

17、rdsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromtheFederalHighwayAdministration(FHWA)1200NewJerseyAve.

18、SEWashingtonDC20590.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates110.PrecisionBias10.1EquipmentPrecision—Theprecisionrequirementfthedeflectionsenssis62m(0.08mils).Theprecisi

19、onrequirementftheloadcellis60.1kN(22lbf)better10.2EquipmentBias—Thebiasrequirementfboththedeflectionsensstheloadcellis62%better.10.3BetweenDeviceTestPointReproducibility—Thesingleoperatsingleequipmentcoefficientofvariati

20、onofthetestmethodftypicalfieldconditionsis10to20percentfGMGCGPsoils15to35percentfSWSMSPsoils40to60percentfMLCLsoils(seePracticeD2487).Thebetweendevicereproducibilityofthetestmethodftypicalconditionsisbeingdeterminedwillb

21、eavailableonbefeDecember2009.NOTE4—SomeLWDdevicesaredesignedequippedsuchthattheaccuracy(precisionbias)aswellastheloadcellsensmountingrequirementsofthistestmethodcannotbemet.OnemeofthefollowingLWDfeaturescanleadtothisconc

22、lusion:(1)TheLWDisnotequippedwithaloadmeasuringdevice(loadcell)(2)TheLWDmeasuresthedeflectionoftheloadplateratherthanthedeflectionofthesurfaceundertestthroughaholeinthecenteroftheloadplate(3)TheLWDusesasens(velocitytrans

23、duceraccelerometer)thatisnotlineardowntozeroHzisnotprocessedusingaFouriertransfmanalysisequivalent.NOTE5—FtheLWDdevicesreferredtoinNote4theapproximatesurfacecompositemodulusofthetestedlayerhasbeenestimatedtoliebetween0.5

24、0.75timesthecompositemoduluscalculatedusinganLWDdevicethatmeetstheprecisionbiasrequirementsofthistestmethod.AseparatetestmethodisbeingdevelopedtocoverthistypeofLWDdevice.11.Keywds11.1deflectionsurveysdeflectiontestingFal

25、lingWeightDeflectometer(FWD)LightWeightDeflectometer(LWD)impulsedeflectiontestingloaddeflectiontestingNondestructivetesting(NDT)pavementdeflectionpavementtestingpavementlayermoduluspavementlayerstiffnessPtableFallingWeig

26、htDeflectometer(PFWD)ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstard.Usersofthisstardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpat

27、entrightstheriskofinfringementofsuchrightsareentirelytheirownresponsibility.Thisstardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteemustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsifnotrevisedeitherreapprovedwithdrawn.Yourcom

28、mentsareinvitedeitherfrevisionofthisstardfadditionalstardsshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommitteewhichyoumayattend.Ifyoufee

29、lthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStardsattheaddressshownbelow.ThisstardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959UnitedS

30、tates.Individualreprints(singlemultiplecopies)ofthisstardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressat6108329585(phone)6108329555(fax)(email)throughtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.g).Permissionrightstophotocopythestardmayalso

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