第二組.ppt

1、George Orwell,His real name is Eric Arthur Blair .,Early life --Eric Arthur Blair was born on 25 June 1903 to British parents in Motihari(印度的一個城鎮(zhèn) ), Bengal Presidency(孟加拉管轄區(qū) ), British India(英屬印度 ). There, Blair‘s fathe

2、r, Richard Walmesley Blair, worked for the Opium(鴉片） Department of the Civil Service. His mother, Ida Mabel Blair (born Limouzin), brought him to England at the age of one.,He did not see his father again until 1907, wh

3、en Richard visited England for three months before leaving again. Eric had an older sister named Marjorie, and a younger sister named Avril.He would later describe his family's background as "lower-upper-middl

4、e class".,At the age of six, Blair was sent to a small Anglican parish school（圣公會教區(qū)學校 ）in Henley-on-Thames, which his sister had attended before him. After Blair finished his studies at Eton, his family could not

5、pay for university and he had no prospect of winning a scholarship, so In 1922 he joined the Indian Imperial Police（印度帝國警察 ）， serving at Katha（緬甸城市） and Moulmein（緬甸港口） in Burma.,He came to hate imperialism（帝國主義）, and

6、when he returned to England in 1927， he decided to resign and become a writer. He later used his Burmese experiences for the novel Burmese Days 緬甸歲月(1934) and in such essays as A Hanging (1931), and Shooting an Elephant

7、(1936).,Question,Do you know any other works of him?1933 《巴黎倫敦落魄記》（Down And OutI In Paris And London）1935 《牧師的女兒》（A Clergyman’s Daughter）1936 《讓葉蘭在風中飛舞》（Keep The Aspidistra Flying）（另譯為《保持葉蘭繁茂》）1938 《向加泰羅尼亞致敬》（Homage

8、 to Catalonia）1939 《上來透口氣》（Coming Up For Air）1940 《鯨魚之中》（Inside the Whale）1941 《獅子與獨角獸》（The Lion and The Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius）1945 《民族主義的基本特征》（Notes on Nationalism）、《動物莊園》（Animal Farm）1946 《窮人之死

9、》（How the Poor Die）1949 《甘地的思考》（Reflections on Gandhi）1950 《一九八四》（Nineteen Eighty-Four）,1984 is one of Anti-Utopia Trilogy （反烏托邦三部曲）（two others are Brave New World and We),All animals are equal but some animals are mo

10、re equal than others. 所有動物一律平等，但有些動物比其他動物更平等。,Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.誰控制了過去，誰就控制了未來；誰控制了現(xiàn)在，誰就控制了過去。,Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two ma

11、kes four. If that is granted, all else follows. 所謂自由就是可以說二加二等于四的自由。承認這一點，其他一切就迎刃而解。,In a time of deceit telling the truth is a revolutionary act. 在一個欺騙的時代，說真話是一種革命行為。,quotes,Old Major died peacefully in his s

12、leep. His body was buried at the foot of the orchard.  This was early in March. During the next three months there was much secret activity. Major’s speech had given to the more intelligent animals on th

13、e farm a completely new outlook on life. They did not know when the Rebellion predicted by Major would take place, they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime, but they saw clearly that it

14、was their duty to prepare for it. ——Excerpted from CHAPTER IIof Animal Farm,Animal Farm,Animal Farm is an allegorical and 

15、dystopian novel by George Orwell, published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into theStalin era 

16、;in the Soviet Union.[1],Orwell was inspired to write Animal Farm in part by his experiences in a Trotskyist group during the Spanish Civil War. Though Animal Farm was written as an attack on a specific government,

17、 its general themes of oppression, suffering, and injustice have far broader application; modern readers have come to see Orwell’s book as a powerful attack on any political, rhetorical, or military power that seeks to c

18、ontrol human beings unjustly.,Reputation,Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923-2005). It also places at No. 31 on the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels. It won

19、a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is also included in the Great Books of the Western World.,Main idea,AnimalFarm is a political allegory novel, it portrayed the premeditation,developement and ending.Animal farm is a

20、 novel which satires the revolution of Soviet Union. In the novel, the author use vivid words to depict the insurgence in manor farm and the process from original peace and happiness to a serious class society.,Question,

21、Have you ever read Animal Farm? Do you know any characters of this book ?,Who is Who and What is What,MankindMr. Jones – Czar Nicholas IIMrs. Jones – Alexandra (Nicholas’s wife)Mr. Pilkington – Leader of EnglandMr.

22、Frederick – Leader of Germany (many references to Hitler)Mr. Whymper – Capitalist who did business with the Soviet Union.,Who is Who and What is What,AnimalsNapoleon – Joseph StalinSquealer – Russian MediaSnowball –

23、Leon TrotskyOld Major – Karl Marx/Vladimir LeninBoxer – Working ClassMollie – Upper ClassDogs – Military/PoliceMoses – Russian Orthodox ChurchHens – Peasant FarmersSheep – Masses following Stalin,Who is Who and Wh

24、at is What,PlacesAnimal Farm – The Soviet UnionManor Farm – RussiaFoxwood – EnglandPinchfield – GermanyWillingdon – EuropeEngland – Represents the entire worldFarmhouse – The KremlinSugarcandy Mountain - Heaven,

25、Who is Who and What is What,Things and EventsAnimalism – CommunismAnimal Committees – Soviet CommitteesBeast of England – Ideology of CommunismWindmill – Stalin’s Five – Year PlansThe Animal Revolt – Russian Revolut

26、ionBattle of Cowshed – Red OctoberThe Hens’ revolt – Ukrainian peasants’ bitter resistance to collective farming.Destruction of the Windmill – Failure of Stalin’s plansSelling of the wood to Frederick – Nazi-Soviet p

27、actBattle of the Windmill – Battle of Stalingrad (German invasion of Russia during World War II),Theme,the rebellion of animals symbolizes the revolution of Soviet Union and all the animals in the novel represent the pr

28、oletariat(無產階級)human beings represent the bourgeoisie（資產階級）.the success of these animals is the symbol of success of proletariat in soviet.,At the end of the story, the pigs dominated the farm and the farm ultimately bec

29、omes a autocratic class society, which actually satires the corruption of the governors in soviet and their life in the farm after the revolution.,Brief Comment,In this master piece, the author described a totalitarianis

30、m society and characterized a horrible future. He detailed the descriptions to nature of the totalitarianism.Snowball persuade the animals to drive their master away----At that moment Marx and Engels wrote the draft of

31、the “Communism Theory” and it influence the first communist.,Napoleon betrayed his original intention and became more atrocity then before---Stalin and hid Great Purge.The modified discipline—All animals are equal ,but