中國(guó)的司法改革白皮書(雙語(yǔ))

1、中國(guó)的司法改革JudicialRefminChina中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室InfmationOfficeoftheStateCouncilthePeople’sRepublicofChina2012年10月October2012Beijing目錄Contents前言Preface一、司法制度和改革進(jìn)程I.JudicialSystemRefmProcess二、維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義II.MaintainingSocialFairness

2、Justice三、加強(qiáng)人權(quán)保障III.StrengtheningHumanRightsProtection四、提高司法能力IV.EnhancingJudicialCapabilities五、踐行司法為民V.JudicialPowerServingthePeople結(jié)束語(yǔ)Conclusion前言Preface司法制度是政治制度的重要組成部分，司法公正是社會(huì)公正的重要保障。Thejudicialsystemisamajcomponentof

3、thepoliticalsystemwhilejudicialimpartialityisasignificantguaranteeofsocialjustice.新中國(guó)成立特別是改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持從國(guó)情出發(fā)，在承繼中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)法律文化優(yōu)秀成果、借鑒人類法治文明的基礎(chǔ)上，探索建立并不斷完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義司法制度，維護(hù)了社會(huì)公正，為人類法治文明作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。SincethefoundingofNewChinain1949especia

4、llysincetherefmopeninguppolicieswereintroducedsomethreedecadesagoChinaproceedingfromitsnationalconditionscarryingontheachievementsofChinesetraditionallegalculturelearningfromothercivilizationsregardingtheirruleoflawhasbe

5、enbuildingimprovingitssocialistjudicialsystemwithChineseacteristicssafeguardingsocialjusticemakingsignificantcontributionstotheruleoflawofthemankind.中國(guó)的司法制度總體上與社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本國(guó)情相適應(yīng)，符合人民民主專政的國(guó)體和人民代表大會(huì)制度的政體。同時(shí)，隨著改革開(kāi)放的不斷深入特別是社會(huì)

6、主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、依法治國(guó)基本方略的全面落實(shí)和民眾司法需求的日益增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)司法制度迫切需要改革、完善和發(fā)展。China’sjudicialsystemisgenerallyconsistentwithitsbasicnationalconditionsattheprimarystageofsocialismitsstatesystemofpeople’sdemocraticdictatshipitsgovernmentsystemof

7、theNationalPeople’sCongress.WiththefurtherdevelopmentofChina’srefmopeningupparticularlyduetothedevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomythecomprehensiveimplementationofthefundamentalprincipleofruleoflawtheincreasingdemsofth

8、epublicfjusticeChina’sjudicialsystemurgentlyneedstoberefmedimproveddeveloped.近些年來(lái)，中國(guó)積極、穩(wěn)妥、務(wù)實(shí)地推進(jìn)司法體制和工作機(jī)制改革，以維護(hù)司法公正為目標(biāo)，以優(yōu)化司法職權(quán)配置、加強(qiáng)人權(quán)保障、提高司法能力、踐行司法為民為重點(diǎn)，進(jìn)一步完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義司法制度，擴(kuò)大司法民主，推行司法公開(kāi)，保證司法公正，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定提供了有力的司法保障。Inre

9、centyearsChinahasbeenpromotingtherefmofthejudicialsystemitswkmechanismvigouslysteadilypragmatically.Aimingtosafeguardjudicialjusticefocusingonoptimizingtheallocationofjudicialfunctionspowerenhancingprotectionofhumanright

10、simprovingjudicialcapacitypracticingtheprincipleof“judicaturefthepeople”ChinahasbeenstrivingtoimproveitsjudicialsystemwithChineseacteristicsexpjudicialdemocracypromotejudicialopennessensurejudicialimpartiality.Thisprovid

11、esasolidjudicialguaranteefChina’seconomicdevelopmentsocialharmonynationalstability.司法制度和改革進(jìn)程IIJudicialSystemRefmProcess1949年中華人民共和國(guó)建立，開(kāi)啟了中國(guó)司法制度建設(shè)的新紀(jì)元。1949年9月頒布的具有臨時(shí)憲法性質(zhì)的《中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議共同綱領(lǐng)》和《中華人民共和國(guó)中央人民政府組織法》，奠定了新中國(guó)的法制基石。195

12、4年制定的《中華人民共和國(guó)憲法》和《中華人民共和國(guó)人民法院組織法》、《中華人民共和國(guó)人民檢察院組織法》等法律、法令，規(guī)定了人民法院、人民檢察院的組織體系和基本職能，確立了合議制度、辯護(hù)制度、公開(kāi)審判制度、人民陪審員制度、法律監(jiān)督制度、人民調(diào)解制度，形成了中國(guó)司法制度的基本體系。ThefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949usheredinanewerafthebuildingofChina’

13、sjudicialsystem.TheCommonProgramoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferencewhichfunctionedasaprovisionalConstitutiontheganicLawoftheCentralPeople’sGovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinabothpromulgatedinSeptember1

14、949laidthecnerstoneflegalconstructioninNewChina.TheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinapromulgatedin1954theganicLawofthePeople’sCourtsofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatheganicLawofthePeople’sProcuratatesofthePeople’sRepub

15、licofChinaamongotherlawsregulationsdefinedtheganicsystembasicfunctionsofthepeople’scourtsprocuratatesestablishedthesystemsofcollegiatepanelsdefensepublictrialpeople’sjurslegalsupervisioncivilmediationputtingintoplacetheb

16、asicframewkofChina’sjudicialsystem.3Thepeople’scourtsthepeople’sprocuratatesthegansofpublicsecurityhlecriminalcasesaccdingtotheirrespectivefunctionscollabatewithcheckeachothersoastoensuretheaccurateefficientimplementatio

17、noflaw.Thegansofpublicsecuritytakegeoftheinvestigationdetentionarrestpretrialincriminalcasesthepeople’sprocuratatesconductprocuratialwkapproveproposalsfarrestinvestigatecasesdirectlyacceptedbytheminitiatepublicprosecutio

18、nthepeople’scourtsareresponsiblefconductingtrials.（二）中國(guó)司法改革的目標(biāo)、原則和進(jìn)程2.ObjectivesPrinciplesProcessofChina’sJudicialRefm改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)快速發(fā)展，社會(huì)公眾的法治意識(shí)顯著增強(qiáng)，司法環(huán)境發(fā)生深刻變化，司法工作遇到許多新情況、新問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)行司法體制和工作機(jī)制中存在的不完善、不適應(yīng)問(wèn)題日益凸顯，需要在改革中逐步完善和發(fā)展。

19、SincetheintroductionoftherefmopeninguppoliciesChinahaswitnessedrapideconomicsocialdevelopmentthepublic’sawarenessoftheimptanceoftheruleoflawhasbeenremarkablyenhanced.Duetotheprofoundchangesinthejudicialenvironmentjudicia

20、lwkinChinaisfacingnewsituationsproblems.ThedefectsrigidityinChina’scurrentjudicialsystemitswkmechanismarebecomingincreasinglyprominenttheyneedtobeimprovedgraduallythroughrefm.中國(guó)司法改革的根本目標(biāo)是保障人民法院、人民檢察院依法獨(dú)立公正地行使審判權(quán)和檢察權(quán)，建設(shè)公正

21、高效權(quán)威的社會(huì)主義司法制度，為維護(hù)人民群眾合法權(quán)益、維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義、維護(hù)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安提供堅(jiān)強(qiáng)可靠的司法保障。ThefundamentalobjectivesofChina’sjudicialrefmaretoensurethatthepeople’scourtspeople’sprocuratatesexerciseadjudicativepowerprocuratialpowerfairlyindependentlytoestabl

22、ishanimpartialefficientauthitativesocialistjudicialsystemtoprovidesolidreliablejudicialguaranteefsafeguardingthelegitimaterightsinterestsofthepeoplesocialequityjusticelastingnationalstability.中國(guó)司法改革始終堅(jiān)持從國(guó)情出發(fā)，既博采眾長(zhǎng)、又不照抄照搬

23、，既與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、又不盲目冒進(jìn)；堅(jiān)持群眾路線，充分體現(xiàn)人民的意愿，著眼于解決民眾不滿意的問(wèn)題，自覺(jué)接受人民的監(jiān)督和檢驗(yàn)，真正做到改革為了人民、依靠人民、惠及人民；堅(jiān)持依法推進(jìn)，以憲法和法律規(guī)定為依據(jù)，凡是與現(xiàn)行法律相沖突的，應(yīng)在修改法律后實(shí)施；堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、總體規(guī)劃、循序漸進(jìn)、分步推進(jìn)。Chinacarriesoutjudicialrefmbasedonitsnationalconditions.Itdrawsonthesoundpract

24、icesofothercountriesbutdoesnotblindlycopythemitkeepspacewiththetimesbutdoesnotadvancerashlyblindly.Itstickstothelineofrelyingonthepeoplestrivestomeettheirexpectationstacklesproblemsofparticularconcerntothepeoplesubjectsi

25、tselftotheirsupervisionexaminationsoastoensuretherefmisfthepeoplereliesonthepeoplebenefitsthepeople.ItpushesfwardtherefminaccdancewiththelawabidingbytheConstitutionotherlawsregulationswhilethosemeasuresthatcontravenethel

26、awsinfceshouldonlybeimplementedafterthelawsarerevised.Itadherestotheprincipleofoverallplanningcodinationcomprehensivedesigningproceedinginanderlygradualway.早在20世紀(jì)80年代，中國(guó)就開(kāi)始了以強(qiáng)化庭審功能、擴(kuò)大審判公開(kāi)、加強(qiáng)律師辯護(hù)、建設(shè)職業(yè)化法官和檢察官隊(duì)伍等為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容的審判方式改

27、革和司法職業(yè)化改革。Asearlyasinthe1980sChinastartedrefmsincourttrialsensuringprofessionalisminjudicaturefocusingonenhancingthefunctionofcourttrialsexpingtheopennessoftrialsimprovingattneydefensefunctionstrainingprofessionaljudgesp

28、rocurats.從2004年開(kāi)始，中國(guó)啟動(dòng)了統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃部署和組織實(shí)施的大規(guī)模司法改革，從民眾反映強(qiáng)烈的突出問(wèn)題和影響司法公正的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)入手，按照公正司法和嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法的要求，從司法規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)出發(fā)，完善司法機(jī)關(guān)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、職權(quán)劃分和管理制度，健全權(quán)責(zé)明確、相互配合、相互制約、高效運(yùn)行的司法體制。中國(guó)司法改革走向整體統(tǒng)籌、有序推進(jìn)的階段。In2004Chinalaunchedlargescalejudicialrefmsbasedonovera

29、llplanningdeploymentimplementation.Startingwithissuesthatcausedcomplaintsfromthepublicthekeylinksthathamperjudicialjusticeaccdingtothedemsofpromotingjudicialimpartialitystrictenfcementofthelawproceedingfromtheregularpatt

30、ernacteristicsofjudicialpracticeChinaimprovedthestructureofitsjudicialgansdivisionofjudicialfunctionssystemofjudicialmanagementtoestablishajudicialsystemfeaturingclearlydefinedpowerresponsibilitiesmutualcollabationrestra