材料專業(yè)詞匯

1、材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第一章晶體結構原子質量單位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子數Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight波爾原子模型Bohratomicmodel鍵能Bondingenergy庫侖力Coulombicfce共價鍵Covalentbond分子的構型molecularconfiguration電子構型electronicconfiguration負電的Electronegative正電的Electr

2、opositive基態(tài)Groundstate氫鍵Hydrogenbond離子鍵Ionicbond同位素Isotope金屬鍵Metallicbond摩爾Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight極性分子Polarmolecule量子數quantumnumber價電子valenceelectro

3、n范德華鍵vanderwaalsbond電子軌道electronbitals點群pointgroup對稱要素symmetryelements各向異性anisotropy原子堆積因數atomicpackingfact(APF)體心立方結構bodycenteredcubic(BCC)面心立方結構facecenteredcubic(FCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw配位數codinationnumber晶體結構crystalstructu

4、re晶系crystalsystem晶體的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction電子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆積hexagonalclosepacked(HCP)鮑林規(guī)則Pauling’srulesNaCl型結構NaCl－typestructureCsCl型結構CaesiumChlidestructure閃鋅礦型結構Blendety

5、pestructure纖鋅礦型結構Wurtzitestructure金紅石型結構Rutilestructure螢石型結構Fluitestructure鈣鈦礦型結構Perovskitetypestructure尖晶石型結構Spineltypestructure硅酸鹽結構Structureofsilicates島狀結構Islstructure鏈狀結構Chainstructure層狀結構Layerstructure架狀結構Framewkstr

6、ucture滑石talc葉蠟石pyrophyllite高嶺石kaolinite石英quartz長石feldspar美橄欖石fsterite各向同性的isotropic各向異性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格參數latticeparameters密勒指數millerindices非結晶的noncrystalline位錯密度dislocationdensity原子錯位substitutionofawrongatom間隙原子int

7、erstitialatom晶格空位vacantlatticesites間隙位置interstitialsites雜質impurities弗倫克爾缺陷Frenkeldisder肖脫基缺陷Schottkydisder主晶相thehostlattice錯位原子misplacedatoms締合中心AssociatedCenters.自由電子FreeElectrons電子空穴ElectronHoles伯格斯矢量Burgers克羅各明克符號Krog

8、erVinknotation中性原子neutralatom材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第三章熔體結構體結構structureofmelt過冷液體supercoolingmelt玻璃態(tài)vitreousstate軟化溫度softeningtemperature粘度viscosity表面張力Surfacetension介穩(wěn)態(tài)過渡相metastablephase組織constitution淬火quenching退火的softened玻璃分相phase

9、separationinglasses體積收縮volumeshrinkage材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第四章固體的表面與界面表面surface界面interface同相界面homophaseboundary異相界面heterophaseboundary晶界grainboundary表面能surfaceenergy小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary共格孿晶界coheren

10、ttwinboundary晶界遷移grainboundarymigration錯配度mismatch馳豫relaxation重構reconstuction表面吸附surfaceadsption表面能surfaceenergy傾轉晶界titltgrainboundary扭轉晶界twistgrainboundary倒易密度reciprocaldensity共格界面coherentboundary半共格界面semicoherentbounda

11、ry非共格界面noncoherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy應變能strainenergy晶體學取向關系crystallographicientation慣習面habitplane材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第五章相圖相圖phasediagrams相phase組分component組元compoonent相律Phaserule投影圖Projectiondrawing濃度三角形Concentrationt