國際貿(mào)易理論與實務(wù) 雙語版 普通高等教育“十二五”高職高專規(guī)劃教材 教學(xué)課件 ppt 作者 拜文匯 鄭美花 國貿(mào)雙語--課件--第7章運輸

1、International Trade Theory & Practice in English and Chinese,國際貿(mào)易理論與實務(wù)（雙語）,主編 /主講 鄭美花,Chapter Seven International Cargo Transportation 第七章 國際貨物運輸,,,Case,Lead-in,Lecture,Assignment,,The processing…,Teaching,focu

2、s： case,Case study,objective,,,,,,,,,,,,,【Learning Objectives】,After learning this Chapter, you will be able to:1. Understand the major means of international transport of goods;2. Understand the various international

3、transportation characteristics;3. Master a variety of international transport of goods freight calculation;4. Master contract in terms of shipment and shipment documents produced.,Lead--in 導(dǎo)入,Case 1,Questions: Does

4、 this action breach the contract?問題：這是否違約？A Chinese company A exported 1 000 tons of corn. The letter of credit stipulated “partial shipment is not allowed”. Later, the company A loaded 500 tons each on the same ship o

5、n the same voyage number in Rizhao and Qingdao. And the bill of lading also indicated different port of loading and date of shipment.,我國A公司向美國出口1 000公噸玉米，國外來證規(guī)定，“不允許分批裝運”，結(jié)果A公司在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)分別在日照、青島各裝500公噸于同一航次的同一船上，提單上也注明了不同的裝

6、貨港和不同的裝貨日期。,案例,Possible answer,According to UCP600 section B, “shipment commencing on the same means of conveyance and for the same journey, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as a partial

7、 shipment, even if they indicate different dates of shipment or different ports of loading, places of taking in charge of dispatch.” Thus, it didn’t break the clauses and the bank shall not refuse to pay.,答案：中文,回答：根據(jù)《UCP

8、600》第三十一條B款規(guī)定：“表明使用同一運輸工具并經(jīng)由同次航程運輸?shù)臄?shù)套運輸單據(jù)在同一次提交時，只要顯示相同目的地，將不視為分批發(fā)運，即使運輸單據(jù)上表明的發(fā)運日期不同或裝貨港、接管地或發(fā)送地點不同。” 因此，上述作法不被視為違約。銀行不得拒絕議付。,Case 2,有一批化工產(chǎn)品需從中國山西運至西班牙的塞維利亞（Seville）應(yīng)如何設(shè)計運輸線路？,,,中國山西,塞維利亞,,通過新亞歐大陸橋,,,經(jīng)天津港海運，經(jīng)馬六甲海峽、科

9、倫坡、曼德海峽、紅海、蘇伊士運河、地中海到達(dá)塞維利亞,,,,算一算:這里需要多少種運輸方式？收、發(fā)貨人需要聯(lián)系多少個承運人？這個過程中需交換多少單據(jù)？需交付幾次運費？安排多少監(jiān)管環(huán)節(jié)？,為何不使用國際多式聯(lián)運？,何為國際多式聯(lián)運？,Section One Means of Transportation 國際貨物的運輸方式Section Two Section Two Freig

10、ht of International Transport 國際貨物運輸?shù)倪\費 Section Three Shipment and Shipping Documents Clauses in a Sales Contract 合同中的裝運條款及裝運單據(jù),內(nèi)容提要,The delivery o

11、f the goods means that the seller delivers the goods contracted at the agreed time, place and in the agreed manners to the buyer. In international sales of goods, the delivery also means to transfer the necessary docum

12、ents at the stipulated time to the buyer.,Concept : Deliver the Goods 交貨,Importance of Transport 運輸?shù)闹匾?The delivery of goods, in international trade, is one of the most important steps. This is because in internat

13、ional trade where an exporter and an importer are always far apart, the goods under the contract have to undergo a long distance and sometimes change several carriers in transit before they reach the importer. In an i

14、nternational business, it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed conveyance after the contract has been signed according to the stipulated time, place, and trans

15、port methods in the contract.,As to the methods of delivery in international practice, there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased, such as ocean transport, railway transport, air transport, river and lakes tra

16、nsport, postal parcel transport, road transport, pipelines transport, land bridge transport and international multimode transport and so on.,Section One Methods of the Delivery 交付方式,Section One Means of Transportation

17、 國際貨運----主要運輸方式,,sea,sky,,land,Main Modes of Transport,Sea,Land,Air,,,Charter,Liner,,Railway, train,,Roadway, truck,,Airline Fedex, DHL,EMS,主要--運輸方式,海,陸,空,,,租船,班輪,,鐵路,,公路,,Fedex DHL EMS,Fedex=the Fede

18、ral Express 聯(lián)邦快遞(美國)DHL=Dalsey, Hillblom and Lynn 敦豪快遞公司 （中外運合資）EMS=Express Mail Service郵政特快專遞（中國）,Postal Parcel Transport,Combined Transport/Multimodal Transport,OCP Transport: Overland common point,Land Bridge Transp

19、ort,郵包運輸,聯(lián)合運輸 / 多式聯(lián)運,內(nèi)陸共同點,大陸橋運輸,The buyer and seller can decide which methods will be the best for the goods to be transported according the goods characteristics, quantity, transit journey, value, time, the natural con

20、ditions and so on.,1.1定義和特點 Ocean transport is the most widely used mode of transportation in international trade, it is based on the vessel for transport tool, fixed routes and sailing region, between both the p

21、orts of domestic and abroad to complete the task of transportation.,1.Ocean Transport 海洋運輸,At present, the total volume of international goods more than 80% of the carriage of goods by ocean transport is completed, so

22、the ocean transportation has become the most important mode of transportation in the international trade.,海洋運輸是國際貿(mào)易運輸中采用最廣泛的一種形式，它是以船舶為運輸工具，在國內(nèi)外港口之間通過一定的航線和航區(qū)來完成運輸任務(wù)的一種運輸方式。目前國際貨物總運量的80%以上的貨物運輸是利用海上運輸完成的，從而使海洋運輸成為國際貿(mào)易中最為

23、重要的運輸方式。,,,優(yōu)點：運量大，運費低，航道四通八達(dá)缺點：速度慢，風(fēng)險大。,海洋運輸,Large transportation quantity 運輸量大Strong passing capability [,kep?'b?l?ti]通過能力強Low freight rates 運費低On the adaptability [?,dæpt?'b?l?ti] of goods 對貨物的適應(yīng)性強Slo

24、w speed 速度慢High risk 風(fēng)險大,Characteristics 特點,1.2 Operation Mode of Ocean Transport 海洋運輸?shù)慕?jīng)營方式,According to the different operating mode, Ocean transportation can be divided into the liners and chartering.根據(jù)營運方式不同，海洋運輸可

25、以分為 班輪運輸和租船運輸兩大類。,,,characteristics and functions,,obligations of consignment,,liner consortia [k?n's?rt??m],,characteristics of ship leasing,,,,,,,,,,,,1) Liner/Regular Shipping Liner 班輪運輸,,A liner is a vessel

26、 with regular sailing and arrival on a stated schedule between a group of specific ports. The main features of liners usually include: a. The liner has a regular line, port, timetable and comparatively

27、fixed freight，which is the basic features of liners b. The ship-owner usually leases part of shipping space instead of the whole ship. c. The carrier is responsible for loading and unloading

28、 operations, i.e., Gross Terms（船方負(fù)責(zé)裝卸貨）. d. The B/L drawn by the shipping company is the shipping contract between the carrier and the consignor. The rights and obligations of the carrier

29、and the consignor are based on the B/L drawn by the shipping company.,放松一下哦！,Relaxation !,The Processes of Liner 班輪運輸?shù)牧鞒藼ooking訂艙Shipment裝船Unloading卸貨Delivery交付,,,,Freight is the remuneration [r?,mjun?

30、're??n] （酬勞） payable to the carrier for the carriage of goods. The freight paid for the carriage by a liner differs in the way of calculating from that paid under a charter party. Freight = Fb + ∑SFb----Basic frei

31、ghtS----surcharge額外費,Freight of Liners 班輪運費,1.3 Shipping by Chartering 租船運輸,It is also called tramp(不定期船). A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.

32、 It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where there is a demand at the moment for shipping space. The shipper charters the ship from the ship-owner and uses it to carry the goods.,The Ch

33、aracteristics ：特點Suitable for the transport of bulk goods. 適運大宗貨物The price is not fixed. 運價不固定According to the charter contract arrangement of navigation ['næv?'ge??n] . 按租船合同安排航行,It falls into 3

34、kinds: voyage charter, time charter and demise charter. (1). Voyage Charter 定程租船 (2). Time Charter 定期租船 (3). Demise [d?'ma?z] Charter 光船租船 (4). Charter Party

35、 租船合同,(1) Voyage Charter 定程租船,The voyage charter is one for the carriage of goods from one specified port to another, or for a round trip. It includes single voyage charter, return voyage charter and successive vo

36、yage charter. According to the route stipulated in the charter party, the ship-owner is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of destination and for managing the ship as well as bearing all expenses.,

37、Under a voyage charter, payment by the charterer is usually based on an agreed rate per ton for a “full and complete cargo”. Should he fail to provide sufficient cargo to fill the ship he is liable for what is

38、termed dead freight（空倉費）, a prorate payment for the space not used. A voyage charter also stipulates the number of days known as lay days（港口停泊日）, for loading and unloading. Should these be accessed, the charte

39、r is liable for a demurrage [d?'m??d?] charge （滯期費） for each day in excess, and conversely is entitled to dispatch money for each day not taken up. The liability of the ship-owner is to provide a ship that

40、is seaworthy and to avoid unjustifiable deviation（不正當(dāng)繞航） en route.,(2). Time Charter 定期租船,The charterer charters the ship for a period of time during which the ship is deployed(部署) and managed by the charterer. What co

41、ncerns the charterer most is the period, not the voyage. The chartering may be for a period of 1 year or of several years.,During the period of chartering, the ship is managed, deployed and used by the charterer. A serie

42、s of work, such as loading, unloading, stowing and trimming and the so caused fuel expenses, port expenses, loading and unloading expenses, etc., should be borne by the charterer. The ship-owner should bear th

43、e wages and board expenses（伙食費） of the crew, and be responsible for seaworthiness during the period of chartering and the so-caused expenses and the vessel insurance premium.,Time Charter 定期租船,(3). Demise Charter 光船租船,

44、Demise charter, is also called bare-boat charter, the charterer takes a lease of the entire ship for an agreed time. So demise charter belongs to time charter, but there are some differences: as to time charter

45、, during the period of chartering, the ship-owner provides the charterer with a crew, while demise charter, the ship-owner only provides the charterer with a bare-boat. the charterer shall employ the crew and

46、pay the crew’s wages and provisions, ship’s maintenance and stores etc. by himself, apart from those expenses he is responsible for under the time charter.,(4). Charter Party 租船合同,The charter party is a contract conclud

47、ed between the ship-owner and the charterer when the latter charters the ship or booking shipping space from the former. It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties. The main terms on the ch

48、arter party include the interested parties, name and flag of the ship, description and quantity of the shipments, time of chartering, freight, loading and unloading expenses, time limit of loading and unloading, demurrag

49、e and dispatch money（速遣費）.,Railway is capable of attaining relatively high speeds with large quantities and is , safe, at low cost, punctual, rather economical and less influence by weather.,2. Railway Transport 鐵路運輸,,

50、優(yōu)點：運量大，運速快，安全性高，運輸成本低，運輸?shù)臏?zhǔn)確性強，受氣候因素影響小缺點：受軌道（track）限制，行駛范圍有限,鐵路運輸,a. Railway transport at home; b. Railway transport to H.K. and Macao; c. International railway transport between two countries; d. International

51、 railway the rough transport.,Railway transport falls into 4 kinds,China International Rail transport is roughly divided into two kinds, one is the international rail transport, the second is the Hong Kong and Macao rail

52、way transportation.,The characteristics 特點:Flexible, adaptableCan realized of the "door-to-door" direct transportationIn short-distance transport, delivery fastLess investment, fast capital turnover: road t

53、ransport and railway, ocean, air transport mode, the required fixed simple facilities, vehicle purchase fees are relatively low.Small volume, the transportation cost is higher,公路運輸,優(yōu)點：實現(xiàn)“門到門”，靈活缺點：運量小,公路運輸,國際公路貨物運輸,,,T

54、he Scope of Air Transport 適用范圍Easy decay, spoilage of fresh goodsTimeliness newspaper and seasonal strong goodsRescue, emergency goodsValuables, precision instruments,3. Air Transport 航空運輸,優(yōu)點：交貨迅速，包裝簡化，減少保險和儲存費用，不受地

55、面條件限制缺點：費用較高,航空運輸,Air Freight 航空運輸,Most air cargoes are carried on passenger airliner. About 80% to 90% of air cargoes are transported by IATA (International Air Transport Association) members. (IATA國際航空運輸協(xié)會 ) Air

56、freight is often used for high value but low volume cargo.,The Basic Way 基本方式Scheduled Airliner 班機運輸 (Scheduled airliner refers to the fixed time, fixed routes, fixed originating station and destination st

57、ation transport aircraft.)Charter Transport 包機運輸Consolidation 集中托運Transport Mode 聯(lián)運方式Air Express 急件傳遞,Airway Bill 航空運單,Airway Bill features: a. It is a transport contract signed between the consignor/ship

58、per and the carrier/ airline. b. It is a receipt from the airline acknowledging the receipt of the consignment from the shipper. c. The air waybill is an internationally standardized document mostly printed i

59、n English and in the official language of the country of departure, which facilitates the on-carriage of goods going through 2 to 3 airlines in different countries to the final destination.,According to international tra

60、de practice, the seller fulfils the duty of delivery only if he delivers the parcel to the post office, pays off the postage, and gets the receipt. The post office is responsible for the delivery of the goods to t

61、he destination, and the consignee goes to the post office for picking up his goods. Postal transport falls into 2 kinds: a. Regular mail（平信、普通郵件）; b. Air mail（航空郵件）.,4. Postal Parcel Trans

62、port 郵包運輸,優(yōu)點：手續(xù)簡便，費用不高， “桌到桌”的運輸服務(wù)缺點：運量小，所運商品有品種限制,郵包運輸,5.The Postal Transport郵政運輸The postal transport, refers to the import and export of goods through the post office to send a kind of transport way.,The postal tran

63、sport, refers to a mode of transport which send the goods of import and export through the post office. The postal transport is relatively simple, as long as the seller handles the procedures of sending to post office ac

64、cording to the sale contract agreed conditions and the stipulations, e.g. pay the postage, obtain a receipt, it means to accomplish the delivery task.,郵政運輸（Parcel transport），是指通過郵局寄交進(jìn)出口貨物的一種運輸方式。郵政運輸比較簡便，只要賣方根據(jù)買賣合同中雙方約定

65、的條件和郵局的有關(guān)規(guī)定，向郵局辦理寄送手續(xù)，付清郵費，取得收據(jù)，就完成交貨任務(wù)。,Pipelines transport are used as a pipeline transportation of long distance transportation of liquid and gaseous materials transportation.,6. Pipelines Transport 管道運輸,Pipelines tra

66、nsport are used a pipeline as a transportation tool to forward liquid and gaseous materials in long distance transportation, pipelines transport of petroleum products is higher cost than the shipping, but still cheaper t

67、han rail transport. Pipelines transport capacity, less land occupation, pipeline transport of short construction period, low cost. Pipeline transportation is safe and reliable, strong continuity. Pipeline transportation

68、is low energy consumption, low cost, good benefit. But pipelines transport also has its disadvantages, mainly in pipeline transportation, poor flexibility, high cost.,管道運輸 (Pipeline transport) 是用管道作為運輸工具的一種長距離輸送液體和氣體物資的輸