英語音標教學課件

1、Welcome to our class,International Phonetic Symbols 國際音標,Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 你能夠像罐頭工人一樣裝罐頭嗎？The driver was drunk and drove the doctor’s car directly into the deep ditch . 這個司機喝醉了，他把醫(yī)生的車開進

2、了一個大深溝里。A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.一個好的廚師能做出和其它好廚師一樣多的小甜餅. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood. 大黑蟲咬大黑熊,大黑熊流血了!,English Tongue T

3、wister英文繞口令,IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet,音標,What are phonetic symbols?,音標是語言的語音標記。國際音標標注統(tǒng)一，規(guī)則簡單，易于識別。在標注音標時，我們采用的是寬式音標（一般置于/ /）。音素是發(fā)音的最小單位。語言的語音都是由四十八個不同的音素相互組合而成的。其中有20個元音音素，28個輔音音素。音節(jié)是指元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。,發(fā)音器官,要想掌握好

4、英語音標，我們要了解發(fā)音器官和發(fā)音部位，并學會運用舌、唇、軟腭、硬腭等位置和形狀的變化，正確地發(fā)出各種不同的音。為了更好地理解各小節(jié)的發(fā)音方法描述，從而以正確的方式調(diào)動所需發(fā)音器官，我們必須仔細學習下面的發(fā)音器官圖： 發(fā)音主要分為三部分：喉部、口腔、鼻腔。,發(fā)音器官圖及說明,A.喉部的發(fā)音器官：1．氣管2．聲帶(包括聲門) C. 鼻腔 3．會厭軟骨B.口腔的發(fā)音器官：4 舌：a.舌端 b.舌

5、前部 c.舌后部d.舌根 5．硬腭 6. 軟腭7．上齒齦 8．牙齒9．唇 l0．小舌,發(fā)音器官,國際音標,｛,元音,分類：英語中共有48個音標，元音20個，輔音28個。,,單元音,雙元音,前元音,中元音,后元音,｛,/i:/, /?/, /e/, /æ/,/?:/, /?/, /?/,/u:/, /?/, /?:/, /?/, /ɑ:/,/e?/, /a?/, /?

6、?/, /??/, /a?/, /??/, /e?/, /??/,,輔音,爆破音,摩擦音,,鼻音,半元音,舌邊音,,/ p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/,/f/, /v/, /∫/, /3 /, /θ /,/δ /, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /t?/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/,/m/, /n/, /?/,/l/,/w/, /j/,,Vowels（元音）

7、元音是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音素，發(fā)音時口腔中的氣流不受阻礙，聲帶振動。 -pure vowels（單元音）,前元音： /i:/, /?/, /e/, /æ/,發(fā)單元音時應注意的事項：,1.舌前部在活動2.舌端抵下齒3.從/i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/口形漸大,/i:/,發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時舌尖輕抵下齒，前舌部向上腭抬起，口形扁而平。發(fā)音時間延續(xù)較長。,例詞： he

8、 sea tree field短語： green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句： A: Would you like coffee or tea? B: Tea, plea

9、se. A: OK. I have tea, too.,/?/- /i/,發(fā)音方法描述：發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，發(fā)音時間短促。,例詞： pin ship hill chicks短語： a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith

10、 interesting films例句： A: Is Lily in? B: Lily is ill in bed. C: Oh, I’m sorry.,/i:/與/?/的比較,bit-beat tin（罐頭）-teenwit（智慧）-wheat mill（磨坊）-mealfit-fe

11、et ill-eel(鱔魚)pill-peel （皮） knit-neathit-heat list-leastdip-deep ship-sheep,/e/,發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖抵下齒，前舌部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，氣流從口腔泄出，聲帶

12、振動。發(fā)音時間短促。,,例詞： pen head leg well短語： ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句： A: How did you spend your holiday? B: I went to

13、Beijing. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes ,very.,/æ/,發(fā)音方法描述：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬，雙唇開口度較大，并向兩邊平展，發(fā)音短促。,例詞： apple lantern （燈籠） hand 短語： black cat mad man traveling bag m

14、atter-of –fact例句： A: Ann is traveling to Japan. B: How happy she is ! A: She is very happy.,/e/與/æ/的比較,bet（打賭）-bat beck（招手）-backlend-land then-thandead-dad

15、 mess（混亂）-massmen-man check-chatmerry（愉快）-marry send-sandguess-gas,Compare,A: Tea or coffee? B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. [ i:] His little sister is sittin

16、g in the middle.[ i ] Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best.[ e ] Cat, cat! Catch that black rat! [ æ ],Homework,1.反復練習今天所學的元音音標，對比練習，正確發(fā)音,同學間相互檢查。2.預習好下堂課要學的音標。,T

17、hank you for your listening！,Vowels（元音） -pure vowels（單元音）,,中元音： /?:/, /?/, /?/,發(fā)中元音時應注意：,,1.舌中部隆起2.舌端輕抵 下齒3./ ?:/ /?/ /?/口形漸大,/?:/- /?:/,例詞： girl bird work turn短語：early bird Thurs

18、day work thirsty person perfect search例句： A: He always arrives work early. B: But he wasn’t early this morning. A: You weren’t early either.,/?/,發(fā)音方法描述：舌身放平，舌中部抬起，口形微開，雙唇扁平，雙唇肌肉放松。在詞首或詞中發(fā)音較模糊，在

19、詞尾應適當延長。,,例詞： teacher picture breakfast welcome短語： a glass of water a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句： A: look at the clock！ B: what’s the time? A

20、: it’s a quarter to seven,/?/,發(fā)音方法描述 舌身后縮至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，雙唇較扁，開口較大。發(fā)音短促。,例詞： cup run jump flood短語： hurry up! trust us! rubbish number mustn’t worry例句： A: It’s

21、sunny today. B: Yes, isn’t it. A: My uncle will go to London next Monday. B: How lucky he is!,Vowels（元音） -pure vowels（單元音）,后元音： /u:/, /?/, /?:/, /?/, /ɑ:/,后元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：,1.舌后部用力2.舌尖

22、離開下齒齦3. /u:/, /?/, /?:/, /?/, /ɑ:/口形漸 大,/u:/,例詞： zoo who food blue短語： a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句： A: Look at my new shoes?

23、 B: Oh, they are beautiful. A: Your boots are beautiful, too.,/?/,例詞： foot wood book push短語： good cook good book couldn’t look pudding without sugar例句： A:

24、 Where did you put the book? B: Which book? A: The book you bought yesterday.,/?:/,例詞： fork ball morning airport短語： four balls score board morning glory

25、sports reporter例句： A: I see two children on the blackboard. B: He is short. A: She is shorter.,/?/- /?/,例詞： cock shop job hospital短語： hot coffee long job on

26、 the box drop the pot例句： A: I have a bad cough. B: You must see a doctor. A: Yes, I must go to the hospital.,/ɑ:/,例詞： car garden star guitar短語： fast ca

27、r half park heart transplant stars and bars例句： A: You look very smart today. B: Thank you. C: What a marvelous dancer you are. Let me take a photograph of you.,Vowels（元音）

28、 -diphthongs（雙元音）,/e?/, /a?/, /??/, /??/, /a?/, /??/, /e?/, /??/,雙元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：,1.口形、舌位有變化 發(fā)單元音時口形、舌位自始至終保持不變。雙元音是由兩個不同的元音組成的，例如/ai/,從第一個元音/a/過度到/i/,口形和舌位都有變化：由口形較大、舌位較低的/a/音過度到口形較小、舌位較高的/i/音。其它七個雙元音也一樣，發(fā)音時口形舌位都有不同成度的變

29、化。,雙元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：,2.前長后短 雙元音中兩個元音的長度（音長）也不相等。第一個比第二個長些，約為三比一。3.前重后輕 發(fā)第一個元音時要多使點勁兒，但必須注意不要把兩個元音分裂成一個強音、一個弱音來念，而是由強而漸弱。,雙元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：,4.兩音密合，一氣呵成 由第一個元音到第二個元音是一個滑動的過程，中間不容停頓，不可把兩個音分開來念。5.前音清楚，后音模糊 雙元音中的第一個元音發(fā)音清楚響亮，向第二個音

30、滑動時，在尚未到達第二個元音的發(fā)音部位時滑動即可停止，不必把第,雙元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：,二個音象單獨發(fā)音時念得那么 清楚。這一點非常重要。常聽到一些同學把/ai/念成“阿姨”，就是因為把/i/ 念得太清楚了，甚至跑過了頭，越境而入/i:/的領(lǐng)域了。,/e?/-/ei/,例詞： face rain cake wait短語： eight cakes waste pa

31、per railway station wait for the mail例句：A: It’s my birthday today.B: Happy birthdayA: Thank you. Come to my birthday party. And don’t be late.,/a?/-/ai/,例詞： sky kite write bi

32、cycle短語: white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句：A: It’s a fine day today. The sun is shining brightly.B: Yes, I feel hot. I like an ice-cream now.A: Yes, I do, too

33、.,/??/-/?i/,例詞： boy boil noise coin短語： a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyce's boyfriend例句： A: Look at my toy gun. B: Oh, what a good toy! A: Shal

34、l we join our friends in the garden? B: Yes, let’s go.,/??/-/?v/,例詞：　　　coast 　throw 　boat 　toe短語：　　　 Joe’s coat go to the window 　load and unload 　throw a snowball例句： A: Look! He has a boat. B:

35、Is he going to row? A: I think so.,/a?/-/av/,例詞： cow house mouth trousers短語： shout out brown mouse down town round flower例句： A: Is she milking the cow?

36、 B: Yes, she is. A: Is the cow in he house? B: No. She is on the dairy farm.,/??/-/i?/,例詞： ear idea zero beard短語： the atmosphere here queer 古怪的skier Weary疲乏 mountaineer

37、experienced engineer例句： A: Let’s have some beer here. B: What a good idea! A: What shall we do after having beer? B: We shall go to the theatre.,/e?/-/ε?/,例詞： hair bare pear chair短語：mi

38、llionaire’s theirs mayor’s parentssquare chairs careful librarian例句：A: Where is my pen?B: It’s over there on the chair.A: Thank you. It’s really there.,/??/-/v?/,例詞： tour poor sure gourd

39、/g ??d/葫蘆短語： poor tourists tour from China carm jury陪審團 European jewel例句：A: I received a letter from my uncle. He’s sick with influenza.B: I’m sorry. Is he still in Europe.A: Yes. He

40、’s still working in London.B: He must speak fluent English.,Consonants（輔音） 英語輔音的發(fā)音特點,,1.氣流受阻，從肺部呼出的氣流在通過口腔或鼻腔時遇到阻礙（元音發(fā)音不受阻礙）。2.氣流較強（元音氣流較弱）3.阻礙部分肌肉緊張（元音發(fā)音時均衡地保持緊張）4.有清濁之分。,,英語輔音的發(fā)音可以分別從”發(fā)音部位”和發(fā)音方法”兩方面來學習。,,1

41、.發(fā)音部位：所謂”發(fā)音部位”是指氣流受到阻礙的地方，也就是兩個發(fā)音器官為了影響氣流而構(gòu)成的各種阻礙的部位。例如：發(fā)/p/ /b/時雙唇先要緊閉，形成阻礙，發(fā)/f/ /v/時下唇接觸上齒形成阻礙等等。,,英語輔音按發(fā)音部位可分成：①雙唇音：/ p, b, m, w/②唇齒音：/ f ,v/③舌齒音：/ θ, ð/④舌齦音：/ t ,d ,s ,z ,n ,l/⑤齒齦后部音：/ ? ,? ,?, ?, r, j/⑥舌后

42、軟腭音：/ k, g，?/⑦聲門音：/h/,,2.發(fā)音方法：是指氣流通過阻礙時所使用的不同方法（及其造成的聽覺印象）。例如：發(fā)/p ,t ,k/時氣流通過阻礙部位時所發(fā)出的爆破聲，發(fā)/s ,z ,f/時氣流從阻礙部位的縫隙中擠出，發(fā)出摩擦的聲音等等。 英語輔音按發(fā)音方法可分成：,,①爆破音： /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ ②摩擦音： f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/,

43、 /z/, /?/, /?/, /h/, /r/③破擦音：/?/, /?/④鼻音： /m/, /n/, /?/⑤舌側(cè)音： /l/ ⑥半元音： /j/, /w/,,Consonants（輔音） -plosives（爆破音）,/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/,/p/,例詞： pig people pull put短語：

44、 pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句： A: Do you collect stamps? B: Yes, I do. A: Will you show me your stamp album? B: Yes, they are upstairs. Let me go and

45、 fetch them.,/b/,例詞： bus bed breakfast banana短語： Big Ben a big bottle beautiful baby blue butterflies例句： A: Is this your handbag? B: No, it isn’t my h

46、andbag is not brown. A: What color is your handbag? B: It’s black.,/t/,例詞： table tall take telephone短語： ten teachers travel by train want a rabbit

47、 two trees例句：A: I’m hungry. I want something to eat.B: What about some tomatoes? Let’s go to the restaurant!A: Yes, let’s go.,/d/,例詞： door doctor head would短語： dear daughter

48、 red door played cards listened to the radio例句：A: What did you do last night？B: I studied last night.A: Did you study all night?B: No, I didn’t. I listened to the radio for some time.,/k/,例詞：

49、 car duck clock park短語： the back of the car ask question a quarter to six a cool cleaner例句： A: I like cheap cakes.B: You do?

50、 Do you often have cheap cakes?A: Yes, I do.B: If you want to keep fit, don’t eat too many cheap cakes.,/g/,例詞： bag dog goat green短語： good girl go to the grandpa

51、’s as good as gold get a girl例句：A: Can you play the guitar?B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night.A: You must have had a good time last

52、 night.,Consonants（輔音） -fricatives（摩擦音）,/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /?/, /?/, /h/, /?/, /?/, /r/,/f/,例詞： friend fat fish family短語： five flowers fast food

53、 father’s face feel fine例句： A: Look at Freda! She is fifty. B: Her hat is funny. A: Look at her fur coat. It’s famous.,/v/,例詞: drive village very vest短語： love

54、ly view village vet 獸醫(yī) leaving arriving leaves of the vine藤、葡例句： A: Who’s driving the van? B: I think victor is.獲勝者 A: Who is victor? B: He is my new neighbor, he has lived

55、here for only a few months.,/θ/,例詞： thank month thin thirty短語： three thinkers Martha's birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians例句： A: My father is a mathematician. B: No

56、wonder you are good at mathematics. A: To tell you the truth, my father never teaches me math.,/ð/,例詞： father there that this短語： smooth leather get together better than othe

57、rs another brother例句： A: Lily is taller than Mary. B: But Mary is slimmer than Lily. A: Look at them. They’re doing physical exercise together.,/s/,例詞： sun small horse bicycle短語

58、： sleep soundly expensive cigarettes some books sit in the sun例句： A: These are cups. B: Those are saucers.茶碟 A: They’re nice cups and saucers.,/z/,例詞： zoo prize bees

59、nose短語： jazz music close the windows these days zero animal例句： A: Let’s go to the zoo. B: Good. I like looking at the zebras. C: I like the monkeys there. Let’s go.,/?/,例詞：

60、fish sugar shoe shop短語： fashion shops friendship association社團 British shoes washing machine例句： A: This shop sells washing-machines. B: Do they sell air-conditioners, too. A: Sure.

61、,/?/,例詞： garage pleasure measure collision短語： an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure例句： A: Lily likes clothes for casual隨便的 wear. B: Clothes for casual we

62、ar are comfortable, A: I like to wear them in my leisure time.,/h/,例詞： hat hard hen high 短語： heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy honeymoon蜜月期 例句： A: The

63、re was a car accident here last Sunday. B: Oh, it’s horrible! A: Were you here when the accident happened? B: No, I only heard about it.,/?/,例詞： cheek chicken church watch短語： Chinese che

64、ss which butcher chicken and chips change much例句： A: Where are the two children? B: They’re having lunch. A: Here are some cherries 櫻桃for them. B: Thank you very much.,/?/,例詞： jeep

65、 jar orange bridge 短語： a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orange juice 例句： A: I have an orange. B: Oh, your orange is large. Look! I’ve got a large sandwich.

66、 A: Yes, it is a very large one.,/r/,例詞： rose lorry卡車 rubber rocket短語： American waitress a married secretary grown up children French restaurant例句： A: Rose works as a secretary

67、 at the railway station. B: She does? She is a very pretty girl. A: Yes, very.,Consonants（輔音） -nasals（鼻音）,/m/, /n/, /?/,/m/,例詞： moon home medicine mountain短語： man-ma

68、de make a mistake come tomorrow middle name例句：A: Mum has come back home.B: Marvelous.A: Mom says we’ll go and see a movie tonight.B: Yes, we certainly will.,/n/,例詞： neck tin night

69、 noise短語： neat brandy白蘭地酒 a negative answer telephone number harden the neck例詞：A: What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon!B: They are wonderful.峽谷A: Who sent it to you?B: A friend of mine.,