2015.8.25英語音標(biāo)教學(xué)課件

1、學(xué)好音標(biāo)開好頭,語音的重要性： 英語學(xué)習(xí)的最終目的是交際，而交際是通過口語來進(jìn)行的，語音在此過程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，所以語音是語言的基礎(chǔ)。只有學(xué)好發(fā)音，才能加強(qiáng)對語言的感受，最有效地掌握語法和詞匯，提高實(shí)際使用的能力。,,,音素和國際音標(biāo) 1．什么是音素：音素是語音的最小單位。2．音素的分類：元音和輔音。3．音素的個數(shù)：共48個，元音音素20個，輔

2、音音 素28個。4．什么是音標(biāo)：記錄音素的符號叫做音標(biāo)。5．什么是國際音標(biāo)：國際音標(biāo)是由國際語音 協(xié)會規(guī)定的一套音標(biāo)，用來 記錄世界各主要語言的語音。7. 開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shine

3、 b) 輔音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello8. 閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音+輔音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant9.重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。,,,,元音和輔音的定義：發(fā)音

4、時聲帶振動，呼出的氣流通過口腔時不受阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為元音。不論聲帶振動與否，發(fā)音時呼出的氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時受到一定的阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為輔音。發(fā)音時聲帶不振動的輔音稱為清輔音。發(fā)音聲帶振動的輔音稱為濁輔音。,,,,,,（一）元音,（二）輔音,單元音：“單元音435，前中后分得清；長音：短音無”,前元音 /i:/ /?/ /e / /æ/中元音 /?/ / ?:/

5、/ ? /后元音 /ɑ:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /u:/,/i:/,,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖抵下齒，前舌盡量抬高。2、嘴唇向兩旁伸開，成扁平 。,we he she teacher speak please feel tree meet needpiece,,,1.Please have a seat. Seeing is believing.2.I like

6、coffee, I like tea, I like you to play with me.,Let’s read:,[i:] 發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合e ea ee e: me be she he we evening ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green ea:meat leaf sea pea t

7、each eat clean根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出下列單詞中元音字母組合發(fā)音相同的兩個詞。 1.seat rain bean cat 2.gift feet teacher dog 3.pig star tree jeep 4.sweet sea fish the,/?/,,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.舌尖抵下齒，舌前部抬高，比/i:/要低。2.嘴型扁平，牙床開得比/i:/寬。

8、3.可從/i:/出發(fā)，下顎稍稍下垂，舌前部也隨之稍稍下降。,,sit picture list mix fix pig big miss minutemany twenty happy,Sit in your seat and listen carefully.,[i] 發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合i e y ey ay i: pig fish in fifteen six ship th

9、in e: begin behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy ey: monkey money ay:Sunday Saturday Friday 根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出每組中元音字母發(fā)音不相同的單詞。

10、 1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship 3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jelly,/e/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)1、舌尖抵下齒，舌前部抬高，比/i:/要低。2、唇形中長，牙床開得比/i:/寬，上下齒間可容納一個食指。,bed egg best

11、next better lesson pencil penany many,Breakfast is ready. Let’s get together again soon.Well, let’s get everything ready!,Let’s read:,[e] 發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea:

12、bread head breakfast根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出每組中不發(fā)[e]的單詞。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy,/æ/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖抵下齒；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；2、雙唇平伸，成扁平形。張開牙床

13、直至上下齒之間容納食指和中指的寬度。,map hat fat bad mad back man hand thank,,I’m a cat, cat, catIn a cap, cap, cap.,The fat cat sat on the black mat.,Tongue twister:,A big black bug bit a big black bear.,[æ] 發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合a

14、 a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出每組中發(fā)[æ]的單詞。 1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear 3.rice bat finger tree

15、 4.sea young knife apple,中元音： /?/ / ?:/ / ?/,中元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖抵住下齒，但不如發(fā)前元音時抵得那樣緊。2、舌面最高點(diǎn)在舌前部和舌后部之間。3、不圓唇。,/?/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌身平放，舌中部略隆起。2、牙床半開半合，唇形扁或中圓。,teacher remember player speaker farmer doct

16、or actordelicious dangerous dollar together tomorrow today Washington polite ago elephant banana Japan China happen,/ ?:/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。。2、牙床開得較狹窄，雙唇和發(fā)/i:/時相似。3、注意長度，不要發(fā)得太短。,girl sh

17、irt skirt bird turn burn nurse turtle hurt learn earn heardterm her work worm world,[?:] 發(fā)這個音的字母和字母組合er ir ur ear or er: her serve term ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt

18、 ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain ear:early learn or: word work world根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出每組中元音字母組合發(fā)音相同的單詞。 1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse 3.turtle bird rabbit knee

19、4.room run shirt term,/ ?/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌后部的靠前部分稍抬起，舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)觸下齒，開口程度和/æ/相似。雙唇向兩旁平伸。2、從元音/?/ 出發(fā)，將圓唇改為扁唇，即可發(fā)出此音。,up supper lunch fun cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble blood,,,Enou

20、gh is enough ! Just shut up.What’s up? Nothing much.Hurry up!,I love China.China and America should always work together.,I have to work early tomorrow.Words are not for hurting other people.,Let's read together.

21、,后元音 /ɑ://?:/ /?/ /U:/ /?/后元音發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：舌尖離開下齒，舌身后縮，舌后部向軟腭抬起。除/ɑ:/用開扁唇外，其他雙唇收圓。發(fā) /ɑ:/ /?:/ /U:/ 時要注意長度，不要發(fā)得太短。,/ɑ:/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖離開下齒；口張大，舌身壓低并后縮。 2、雙唇呈扁型。,arm art hard f

22、ast last class father,Bark bark barkThe dog is barking after the car.,/?/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖離開下齒；口張大，舌身壓低并后縮。2、雙唇稍稍收圓。3、可先發(fā)/ɑ:/音，然后將舌身再稍稍向后縮，雙 唇稍稍收圓（不要突出），即可發(fā)出/?/。,o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop

23、 loss dollar a: want wash watch au: because Bob Bob Bob is an orange dog.,/?:/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖離開下齒；舌后部抬得比/?/略高。壓低并后縮。2、雙唇也收得更圓更小，并需用力向前突出。3、注意長度不要發(fā)得太短。,al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

24、 or:short more horse for forty sport story door floor caught daughter au: autumn August bought warm,“[w]+ar” ,ar發(fā) : warm war toward,/?:/,/?/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、舌尖離開下齒；舌后部向軟腭抬起，舌身后縮。2、雙唇收圓，稍向前突出。,oo: loo

25、k good foot book wood ou: should could u: put pushO: woman,/u:/,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1、雙唇比/?/收得更圓更小，向前突出，舌后部比/?/抬得 更高。2、注意長度，不要發(fā)得太短，口腔肌肉要始終保持緊張狀態(tài)。,o: do shoe who oo: food too moon noon u: true blue,雙元音雙元音是作

26、為一個音節(jié)、用一次呼氣發(fā)出來的兩個元音的連綴。這個連綴是以滑溜音的形式讀出來的，即舌從第一個元音的位置向第二個元音方向以最直接的途徑滑過去而成為一個音。雙元音的兩個成分中只有第一個讀得比較重、長和清晰，第二個則要讀得比較輕、短和含糊。,常發(fā)這個元音的字母是“a”，此外，還有字母組合“ai”、“ea”、“eigh”、“aigh”、“ay”、“ey”等 .,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.口形由/e/向/?/滑動。2. 發(fā)音過程中下顎向上合攏，舌位也隨之

27、稍稍抬高。,name lake game snake place say play lay eight,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.先發(fā)/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齒。2.發(fā)此音的關(guān)鍵是要把/a/音發(fā)足，注意從開到合的滑動。,常發(fā)這個音的字母是“i”和“y”，字母組合則有：“ey”、“ie”、“ui”、“uy”、“igh”、“eigh”等,high buy,[?? ],發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.這是個雙元音，由兩個元音構(gòu)成，第

28、一個是/?/和 短音/i/.2.發(fā)音時由第一個音向第二個音滑動，不到第二個音就結(jié)束。,常發(fā)這個音的是字母組合：“oi”和“oy”。,boy toy destroy noise oil spoil point,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：1.由兩個元音構(gòu)成，第一個音是“短音”/?/，第二個音是“短烏音”/u/。2. 發(fā)音時，先打開下頷骨，嘴唇略微呈圓形，口形較大，舌端離下齒，舌身放低后縮，舌后部微抬起，然后隨著發(fā)音過程的

29、變化口形收圓縮小，舌后部繼續(xù)向后縮并抬起。,常發(fā)這個音的有字母“o”、字母組合“oa”、“ou”、“ow”、“ew”以及“ough”等,no go home those hello zerogoat boat bow,[??],[i?]發(fā)音要領(lǐng)： 是雙唇張開，從/i/音滑向/?/音。前面的/i/發(fā)得較清楚，后面的/?/或較弱。雙唇始終半開。此音一定要發(fā)足。舌抵下齒逐漸過

30、渡為上卷，從“一”音過渡到“厄”。,eer： beer deer ear： ear dear near ere： here ea： idea,[??],發(fā)音要領(lǐng)： 由/e/向/?/滑動，舌身稍向后 縮，口型由半開變?yōu)楸馄健?ear： pear bear air： chair air fair hair pair are： care hare ere： there where cheer

31、,[au],ou： house out south cloud house proud loud mouse round about mouth ow flower down now cow how town,發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時，由/a/滑向/u/，結(jié)束時雙唇收圓稍向前突。,oor: poor ure: sure sure pure,[u?],發(fā)音要領(lǐng)：發(fā)音時，嘴

32、唇從收圓到半開。發(fā)好這個音的關(guān)鍵是首先要把/u／音發(fā)足，然后滑向/?/音。,[u?] [??][au] [i?],,,Today is cold. Rose is in the boat.She wants to have a coat. Put on your coat.You know you have a cold.,Hello Kate,hello May.They are playing by t

33、he lake.David ,David .You are so late.Come on ,David.Let’s make a birthday cake,,Who runs fastest?You or me? No,no,no.Tell me ,tell me ,please.Cheetahs, teetahs.Now you know.Yes,Thank you ,Rose.Who is the ugli

34、est ? You or me?No, no,no. Tell me, tell me ,please.Crocodiles, crocodilesNow you know.Yes.Thank you,Jone.,1.hate 憎恨,2.mat草席,8.hope希望,7.hop單足跳,6.suck 吸,5.hike遠(yuǎn)足,9.kit用具包,4.slit撕開,3.mate伙伴,Let's read tog

35、ether.,Let's read together.,a字母組合,al,1,4,2,3,ay,ar,air,ass,,,,,,,,,,,ea,ea,ee,ea,er,ear,ea,ear,ere,er,e字母組合,1,4,5,10,9,8,6,2,3,7,igh,i字母組合,ir,1,2,,,,,,,o字母組合,,,,,,10,9,8,1,4,5,6,2,3,7,11,12,13,oy,ou,ow,ow,oa,or,our,o

36、u,oo,oor,or,ong,oo,,ur,u字母組合,There is a little bee.Coming from the apple tree.Flying in the flowers.And can’t see me.,The brown cow is out now.,,Bark.Bark.Bark.The dog is barking after the car.,Look.This is little Jo

37、hn.Goes to bed with his trousers on.One shoe off and one shoe on.Look.This is little John.,1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake. 2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports. 3. I like the toy bea

38、r.I often brush its hair.I have a pear near the chair. 4.Today is cold.Don’t forget to put on your coat.You can go to school by boat. 5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying”Maybe Kate can’t

39、 skate.” 7.The ugly man has one hundred ducks. 8.The farmer has a large farm and a car. 9.After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass. 10.Miss Mo, She’s tall.She has a dog, it’s small.She likes

40、walking and riding a horse.,1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake. 2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports. 3. I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.I have a pear near the chair. 4.Today

41、is cold.Don’t forget to put on your coat.You can go to school by boat. 5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying”Maybe Kate can’t skate.”,,,Tomorrow is my birthday.But I have a stomachache.My p