英語(yǔ)詞匯講義

1、1Lexicology李強(qiáng)：李強(qiáng)：13926195593liqiang_56@CourseTargets:VocabularyenlargementLexicologicaltheiesCourseRules:1.Selfstudyundersteverysingleprintsymbolofallthetextfromwhichsome80%ofallthefinalexamquestionswillbeextracted.2.Scr

2、eenoutallthenewwdsexpressionsduringourcoursepresentationcompileaminiEnglishChineseDictionary(withnolessthan2000entries)ofyourownbytheendofthesemester.3.Finishindependentlyalltheexercisesaftereachunitwithoutpinganysinglei

3、tem.lexic=wdsdictionarydictionaryIntroduction0.1Nature&Domain（范疇）（范疇）◆abranchoflinguisticsinquiringinto（探討）（探討）theigins&meaningsofwds.◆bothatheeticalapracticalcourse:→basictheiesofwds→wds&idiomsusageexamples（用例）（用例）副產(chǎn)品副產(chǎn)

4、品byproduct0.2RelationtoOtherDisciplines(學(xué)科學(xué)科subjectcourseprogram)，welldisciplined訓(xùn)練有素的訓(xùn)練有素的mph=fmology=學(xué)科，學(xué)科，em=element素Mphology（詞形學(xué)、形態(tài)學(xué)）（詞形學(xué)、形態(tài)學(xué)）:abranchofgrammar（linguistics）studyingthestructurefmsofwdsprimarilythrough

5、theuseofmpheme（相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的偏旁部首）（相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的偏旁部首）construct.Phoneme音素（音標(biāo)）音素（音標(biāo)）phoic48phonemesoneofthemajconcerns（關(guān)注）（關(guān)注）oflexicologyEtymology（詞源學(xué)）（詞源學(xué)）:studiestheigins&histyofthefm&meaningofwds.Loquat（源于廣東話）枇杷（源于廣東話）枇杷Seman=meaning

6、；pragmatics語(yǔ)用學(xué)語(yǔ)用學(xué)pragmaticsSemantics（語(yǔ)義學(xué)）（語(yǔ)義學(xué)）:studiesmeaningsofdifferentlinguisticlevels（層面）（層面）:lexissyntax（句法）（句法）utterancediscourseetc.（itdependsoncontexts取決于語(yǔ)境）取決于語(yǔ)境）Stylistics（語(yǔ)體學(xué)、風(fēng)格學(xué)、文體學(xué)）（語(yǔ)體學(xué)、風(fēng)格學(xué)、文體學(xué)）:thestudyofst

7、yleconcerning（涉及）（涉及）theuser’schoicesoflinguisticelements（語(yǔ)言元素）（語(yǔ)言元素）inaparticularcontext（語(yǔ)境）（語(yǔ)境）fspecialeffects.Text=編織，編織，con=together共同、一起共同、一起Pretext借口excuseCalligraphytelegraphphonographLexicography（詞典學(xué)）（詞典學(xué)）:編纂編纂to

8、recdthelanguageasitisusedsoastopresentthegenuinepictureofwdstothereaderprovidingtheauthitativereference權(quán)威參考權(quán)威參考.Authityauthizeauth=writerYoucanreferto參考參考thatbook.0.3MethodsofStudy詞匯學(xué)研究方法詞匯學(xué)研究方法31.5ClassificationofWds（幻燈

9、片（幻燈片lexico第10頁(yè)詞匯頁(yè)詞匯分類表）表）CriteriaClassificationBasicwdstockFrequencyofuseNonbasicvocabularyContentwdsNotion（內(nèi)涵、所指）（內(nèi)涵、所指）FunctionwdsNativewdsiginBrowedwdsCeltic1.51BasicWdStock&NonbasicVocabulary?acteristicsofBasicWdSto

10、ck:基本詞庫(kù)的五大特征基本詞庫(kù)的五大特征1)Allnationalacter(Indispensabletoallpeople)?Naturalphenomena?Humanbody&relations?Plants&animals?Actionssizedomainstate?Numeralspronounsprepositionsconjunctions2)StabilityNotlikelytochange3)Productiv

11、ity（能產(chǎn)性）（能產(chǎn)性）MostlyrootwdsmonosyllabicwdsFmnewwds4)Polysemy多義性多義性Usuallywithmethanonemeanings5)Collocability搭配性搭配性Usedinsetexpressions固定表達(dá)方式固定表達(dá)方式idiomsNotallthewdsofthistypehavetheseacteristics.“AllNationalacter”isthemo

12、stimptantinall.非核心詞匯非核心詞匯Wdsnotbelongingtotheceofcommonlanguage:Terminology術(shù)語(yǔ)、專業(yè)詞匯術(shù)語(yǔ)、專業(yè)詞匯:technicaltermsPhotoscanninghepatitis肝炎肝炎Jargon行話行話:usedamongmembersofspecialtrades特別行業(yè)特別行業(yè)e.g.Rockbottomprice（底價(jià)）（底價(jià)）bargainingchi

13、ps（談判的有利籌碼）（談判的有利籌碼）Slang俚語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ):substardlanguage非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)peculiartoaspecialgroupincludingcant（套語(yǔ)）（套語(yǔ)）jargon（行話）（行話）argot（黑話）（黑話）lingo（隱語(yǔ)）（隱語(yǔ)）patois（方言）（方言）patter（咒語(yǔ)）（咒語(yǔ)）vernacular（土話）（土話）Argot黑話黑話:JargonofcriminalsCanopener