新編簡明英語語言學(xué)教程

1、1新編簡明英語語言學(xué)教程ChapteroneIntroduction一、定義1.語言學(xué)LinguisticsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.普通語言學(xué)GeneralLinguisticsThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.3.語言languageLanguageisa

2、systemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfhumancommunication.語言是人類用來交際的任意性的有聲符號體系。4.識別特征DesignFeaturesItreferstothedefiningpopertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.語言識別特征是指人類語言區(qū)別與其他任何動物的交際體系的限定

3、性特征。Arbitrariness任意性Productivity多產(chǎn)性Duality雙重性Displacement移位性Culturaltransmission文化傳遞3語言運(yùn)用是所掌握的規(guī)則在語言交際中的體現(xiàn)。7.歷時語言學(xué)DiachroniclinguisticsThestudyoflanguagechangethroughtime.adiachronicstudyoflanguageisahisticalstudywhichstu

4、diesthehisticaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.8.共時語言學(xué)SynchronicallinguisticsThestudyofagivenlanguageatagiventime.9.語言langueTheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.10.言語paroleTherealization

5、oflangueinactualuse.11.規(guī)定性PreiveItaimstolaydownrulesf”crect”behavitotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsaywhatshouldnotsay.12.描述性DeiveAlinguisticstudydescribesanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.二、知識點(diǎn)1.languageisnotanisolatedpheno