語言學教程復習題與答案胡壯麟版

1、語言學教程復習題與答案語言學教程復習題與答案(胡壯麟版第一章胡壯麟版第一章)ChapterIIntroductionI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueFalse:1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguagenotlang

2、uagesingeneral.3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.4.Inthestudyoflinguisticshypothesesfmedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactscheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguag

3、easawhole.6.Generallinguisticswhichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareasstudiesthebasicconceptstheiesdeionsmodelsmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.7.7.Phoicsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinati

4、onsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.8.Mphologystudieshowwdscanbefmedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmphemescanbecombinedtofmwdsiscalledmphology.10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommphologyinthatthefme

5、rnotonlystudiesthemphemesbutalsothecombinationofmphemesintowdswdsintosentences.11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.12.Bothsemanticspragmaticsstudymeanings.13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmatic

6、sstudiesmeaningnotinisolationbutincontext.14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.16.Modernlinguisticsismostlypreivebutsometimesdeive.17.Modernlinguist

7、icsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedeionoflanguageatsomepointintime.19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimarynotthewrittenlanguage.20.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceperfma

8、ncewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewdwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.22.Languereferstothea__________linguist

9、icsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsapplicationoftherules.23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstotheA.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas39.Lan

10、guagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerati

11、ontothenextthrough____ratherthanbyinstinct.A.learningB.teachingC.booksD.bothABIV.Definethefollowingterms:41.Linguistics42.Phonology43.Syntax44.Pragmatics45.Psycholinguistics46.Language47.Phoics48.Mphology49.Semantics50.S

12、ociolinguistics51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness53Productivity54.Displacement55.Duality56.DesignFeatures57.Competence58Perfmance59.Langue60ParoleV.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesfi

13、llustrationifnecessary:61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfhumancommunication.Explainitindetail.62.WhatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguageIllustratethemwithexamples.63.Howismodernlinguistics

14、differentfromtraditionalgrammar64.Howdoyouunderstthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyadiachronicstudy65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenfmoflanguageasprimarynotthewritten66.Whatarethemajdistinctionsbetweenlanguep

15、arole67.Howdoyouunderstcompetenceperfmance68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceperfmance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajdifferences69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyar

16、bitraryWhyI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueFalse:l.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.F11.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.FII.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewdwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.knowledge