3-5grammar 2

1、The Violence of Nature,Module 3,Grammar 2,He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said that he left his book in your room.,直接引語： 直接引述別人的原話,間接引語： 用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,直接引語一般前面要加引號(hào)，間接引語不用加引號(hào),在學(xué)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語過程中，應(yīng)注意三個(gè)問題,1） 選用正確引導(dǎo)詞2）

2、語序（陳述句語序）3） 人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示詞等的變化,間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句,Indirect Speech,直接引語和間接引語可分為三大類：,1）陳述句,2）祈使句,3） 疑問句（一般疑問句、 特殊疑問句）,一：陳述句,陳述句的直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that 在口語中?？墒÷裕?。從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。,He said ,“I left my bo

3、ok in your room”He said that he had left his book in your room.,1)人稱的變化,,一隨主,,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新,引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致,引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致,引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后去人稱不變,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that she

4、 liked tennis,He said to Lily,“ you must get up early”,He told Lily that she must get up early,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that they wanted help him.,一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新,,,,,,,,,,,,,2) 時(shí)態(tài)的變化,He

5、says, ‘‘ I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow.,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需變化,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要做出相應(yīng)的改變．,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),一般過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),不變,一般將來時(shí),過去將來時(shí),

6、直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)做相應(yīng)的改變,could,might,should/would,didn’t have to,must,ought to,3) 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化.,時(shí)間狀語:,直接引語轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語時(shí)，下列情況下時(shí)態(tài)不變,１.　直接引語若表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，　　變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變．２.　當(dāng)引語中的時(shí)間狀語表示過去某一具體時(shí)間時(shí)，　　謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不需改變．３　如果直

7、接引語要變?yōu)殚g接引語，轉(zhuǎn)述是發(fā)生在　　當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)?，那么直接引語中的 come、here、　　tomorrow、this morning、today、yesterday 等不必改變．,注意：,Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.,1.Volcanic eruptions don’t happen very often on the island. A scien

8、tist said that 2. No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A local journalist said that3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that,didn’t happen very often on the island .,been

9、 on the island during the volcanic eruption.,the thunderstorm will put out,the fires.,No one was/had,volcanic eruptions,4. The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that 5. Several eruptions have take

10、n place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that 6. The residents will travel back to the island when the danger is over. A local journalist said that,several eruptions had taken place in the last twen