高中英語語法主謂一致-講解與練習(xí)

1、高中語法：主謂一致Ⅰ.主謂一致原則含義：在英語句子中，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。分類：語法一致原則、邏輯意義一致原則、就近原則。Ⅱ.語法一致原則：謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hisfatheriswkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.

2、Readinginthesunisbadfyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsaydohasnothingtodowithyou.apairof表無生命的名詞單數(shù)謂語；apairof表人或動(dòng)

3、物的名詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)謂語：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.ThehappypairisaregoingtoHawaiiftheirhoneymoon.“單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：YouIaregoodfriends.Theboythegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果并列的主語指的是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：athe單數(shù)名詞（人）單數(shù)名詞（人

4、）單數(shù)謂語athe單數(shù)名詞（人）athe單數(shù)名詞（人）復(fù)數(shù)謂語Thedancersingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.由連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有noeacheverymethana(an)manya(an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式:Everymanwomanchildneedslove.Eachboygir

5、lwasgivenabook.Everyminuteeverysecondisprecious.有些用連接起來的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看成一個(gè)整體，因而作主語時(shí)，謂語單詞用單數(shù)。這類名詞詞組有：knifefk刀叉needlethread針線breadbutter面包和黃油fishchips炸魚加薯?xiàng)lthestarsstripes星條旗FishchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngl.Thestarsstripes

6、isthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，后面跟有withtogetherwithexceptbutlikeaswellasratherthanmethannolessthanbesidesincluding等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式:Thefactywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.A.seemisn’titB.seemsdoesn’tthereC.seemis

7、n’tthereD.seemsdoesn’titIthinkTom_______you_______toblame.A.ratherthanisB.ratherthanareC.methanareD.lessthanisThespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.A.beB.areC.isD

8、.are“Ifanybody_______pleaseputdown_______name”saidtheteachertothemonit.A.wantstobuythebookhisB.wanttobuythebooktheirC.willbuythebookone’sD.wantstohavethebookboughtherMyfamily_______largemyfamily_______reading.A.isenjoyB.

9、isenjoysC.areenjoyD.areenjoysThecustomscultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngl.A.isthatB.arethoseC.havebeentheonesD.hasbeentheoneOnlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.A.isisB.areareC.ar

10、eisD.isareⅢ.邏輯意義一致原則：謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)。）whatwhowhichanymeall等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定：WhichisyoufavitesubjectWhichareyourfavitesubjectsAllisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.表示時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值等的名詞的

11、復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，因常表示一個(gè)整體的概念，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayftheshirt.復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞，如書名、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等，其謂語用單數(shù)：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.一些學(xué)科名詞是以ics結(jié)尾，如：mathemat

12、icspoliticsphysics，以及news，wks等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義是單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：Wldeconomicshasadirecteffectonwldpeace.Physicswashermaj.“定冠詞the形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：Therichgetricherthepogetpoer.Thegoodarewellrewardedthebadpunishe