2017年高考英語(yǔ)科普小品類閱讀理解

1、第1頁(yè)共5頁(yè)話題二：科普小品類(一)Fthosewhostudythedevelopmentofintelligence(智力)intheanimalwld，selfawarenessisanimptantmeasurement.Ananimalthatisaware(意識(shí))ofitselfhasahighlevelofintelligence.Awarenesscanbetestedbystudyingwhethertheanimal

2、recognizesitselfinthemirrthatis，itsownreflectedimage(反射出的影像).Manyanimalsfailthisexercisebitterlypayingverylittleattentiontothereflectedimage.Onlyhumanssomeintelligentanimalslikeapesdolphins，havebeenshowntorecognizethatth

3、eimageinthemirrisofthemselves.Nowanotheranimalhasjoinedtheclub.IntheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesresearchersreptthatanAsianelephanthaspassedthemirrselfreflectiontest.“Wethoughtthatelephantswerethenextimptanta

4、nimal.”saidDianaReissoftheWildlifeConservationSocietyanauthofthestudywithJoshuaM.PlotnikFansB.M.deWaalofEmyUniversity.WiththeirlargebrainsReisssaidelephants“seemedlikecousinstoapesdolphins”TheresearcherstestedHappyMaxine

5、PattythreeelephantsattheBronxZoo.Theyputan8footsquaremirronawalloftheanimalsplayarea(outofthesightofzoovisits)recdedwhathappenedwithcamerasincludingonebuiltinthemirr.Theelephantsusedtheirlongnosestofindwhatwasbehindittoe

6、xaminepartsoftheirbodies.OfthethreeHappythenpassedthetestinwhichaclearmarkwaspaintedononesideofherface.Shecouldtellthemarkwastherebylookinginthemirrsheusedthemirrtotouchthemarkwithherlongnose.DianaReisssaid“Weknewelephan

7、tswereintelligentbutnowwecantalkabouttheirintelligenceinabetterway.”1WhatcanmirrteststellusaboutanimalsAWhethertheyhavelargebrains.BWhethertheyhaveselfawareness.CWhethertheyenjoyoutdoexercises.DWhethertheyenjoyplayingwit

8、hmirrs.2WhydoestheauthmentionapesdolphinsinthetextATheyaremostfamiliartoreaders.BTheyarebigfaviteswithzoovisits.CTheyareincludedinthestudybyReiss.DTheyarealreadyknowntobeintelligent.3WhatmadeHappydifferentfromMaxinePatty

9、ASheusedhernosetosearchbehindthemirr.BSherecognizedherownimageinthemirr.CShepaintedamarkonherownface.DShefoundthehiddencamera.答案與解析1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，通過(guò)研究動(dòng)物是否在鏡子中識(shí)別自己可以測(cè)試它們的自我意識(shí)。2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因?yàn)樗鼈兒腿艘粯涌梢宰R(shí)

10、別鏡中自己的形象，是人們已知的有智力的動(dòng)物；再根據(jù)第三段，一個(gè)亞洲象也通過(guò)了該測(cè)試，也加入到有智力的行列里，故選D項(xiàng)。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段，三個(gè)大象中只有Happy通過(guò)了鏡子測(cè)試，也就是說(shuō)只有她能識(shí)別鏡中自己的形象，因此這是她有別于其他大象的地方，故選B項(xiàng)。(二)(2011江蘇高考)AccdingtotheUSgovernmentwindfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawa

11、ttsofelectricityeveryyear.Unftunatelythewaterthereisfartoodeepfeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNway第3頁(yè)共5頁(yè)持平衡，公司計(jì)劃設(shè)計(jì)新的發(fā)電機(jī)，其變速箱在海平面上。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，深海風(fēng)能技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用會(huì)在海洋上開(kāi)

12、發(fā)出可使用的最好的低碳能源之一。(三)Sincethe1970sscientistshavebeensearchingfwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Braincomputerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommstomachines.RecentlytworesearchersJoseMillanMicheleT

13、avellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanneSwitzerldemonstrated(展示)asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyapersonsthoughts.InthelabatyTavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftrighth.Hecouldeventalkashewa

14、tchedthevehicleguideditwithhisthoughts.“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcd(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcdinjuriesotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfro

15、mreachingthemuscles.”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalwldalsotocontroldevices.”Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapftheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(頭皮)sendsthemtoacompute

16、r.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalscommsthemotizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommsfromthebrain.Prof.Millantheteamleadersaysscientistskeepimprovingthecomp

17、utersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsturnsthemintosimplecomms.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategies:communicationcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”Hesays

18、histeamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatientssoastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.theotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.1BCIisatechnologythatcan________.A.helptoupdateco

19、mputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlapersonsthoughts2HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelabatyA.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.C.Bymovinghish.D.Byusinghismi

20、nd.3WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair4Theteamwilltestwithrealpati

21、entsto________.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition5WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefthetextA.SwitzerltheBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHow