常耀信美國(guó)文學(xué)筆記

1、常耀信美國(guó)文學(xué)常耀信美國(guó)文學(xué)AConciseHistyofAmericanLiteratureWhatisliteratureLiteratureislanguageartisticallyusedtoachieveidentifiableliteraryqualitiestoconveymeaningfulmessages.Chapter1ColonialPeriodI.Background:Puritanism1.featureso

2、fPuritanism(1)Predestination:Goddecidedeverythingbefethingsoccurred.(2)iginalsin:Humanbeingswerebntobeevilthisiginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(3)Totaldepravity(4)Limitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbesav

3、ed.2.Influence(1)Agroupofgoodqualities–hardwkthriftpietysobriety(seriousthoughtful)influencedAmericanliterature.(2)Itledtotheeverlastingmyth.Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.(3)Symbolism:theAmericanpuritan’smetap

4、hicalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.(4)Withregardtotheirwritingthestyleisfreshsimpledirecttherheticisplainhonestnotwithoutatouchofnobilityoftentraceabl

5、etothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.II.Overviewoftheliterature1.typesofwritingdiarieshistiesjournalsletterstravelbooksautobiographiesbiographiessermons2.writersofcolonialperiod(1)AnneBradstreet(2)EdwardTayl(3)RogerWilliams(4

6、)JohnWoolman(5)ThomasPaine(6)PhilipFreneauIII.JonathanEdwards1.life2.wks(1)TheFreedomoftheWill(2)TheGreatDoctrineofiginalSinDefended(3)TheNatureofTrueVirtue3.ideas–pioneeroftranscendentalism(1)Thespiritofrevivalism(2)Reg

7、enerationofman(3)God’spresence(4)PuritanidealismIV.BenjaminFranklin1.life2.wks(1)PoRid’sAlmanac(2)Autobiography3.contribution(1)HehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospitaltheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.(2)Hewascalled“thenewPro

8、metheuswhohadstolenfire(electricityinthiscase)fromheaven”.b.Conservativeloveftheantique(2)1832~1859:backtoUS5.style–beautiful(1)gentilityurbanitypleasantness(2)avoidingmalizing–amusingentertaining(3)envelopingstiesinanat

9、mosphere(4)vividtrueacters(5)humour–smilingwhilereading(6)musicallanguageIV.JamesFenimeCooper1.life2.wks(1)Precaution(1820hisfirstnovelimitatingAusten’sPridePrejudice)(2)TheSpy(hissecondnovelgreatsuccess)(3)Leatherstocki

10、ngTales(hismasterpieceaseriesoffivenovels)TheDeerslayerTheLastoftheMohicansThePathfinderThePioneerThePrairie3.pointofviewthethemeofwildernessvs.civilizationfreedomvs.lawdervs.changearistocratvs.democratnaturalrightsvs.le

11、galrights4.style(1)highlyimaginative(2)goodatinventingtales(3)goodatlscapedeion(4)conservative(5)acterizationwoodenlackinginprobability(6)languageuseofdialectnotauthentic5.literaryachievementsHecreatedamythaboutthefmativ

12、eperiodoftheAmericannation.IfthehistyoftheUnitedStatesisinasensetheprocessoftheAmericansettlersexplingpushingtheAmericanfrontierfeverwestwardthenCooper’sLeatherstockingTaleseffectivelyapproximatestheAmericannationalexper

13、ienceofadventureintotheWest.HeturnedthewestfrontierasauseablepasthehelpedtointroducewesterntraditiontoAmericanliterature.Section2SummitofRomanticism–AmericanTranscendentalismI.Background:foursources1.Unitarianism(1)Fathe

14、rhoodofGod(2)Brotherhoodofmen(3)LeadershipofJesus(4)Salvationbyacter(perfectionofone’sacter)(5)Continuedprogressofmankind(6)Divinityofmankind(7)Depravityofmankind2.RomanticIdealismCenterofthewldisspiritabsolutespirit(Kan