of-studies原文譯文及賞析

1、培根OfStudies原文及三個版本的漢譯【原文】Studiesservefdelightfnamentfability.Theirchiefusefdelightisinprivatenessretiringfnamentisindiscoursefabilityisinthejudgmentdispositionofbusiness.Fexpertmencanexecuteperhapsjudgeofparticularsoneby

2、onebutthegeneralcounselstheplotsmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesisslothtousethemtoomuchfnamentisaffectiontomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrulesisthehumofascholar.Theyperfectnature

3、areperfectedbyexperience:fnaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplantsthatneedpruningbystudystudiesthemselvesdogivefthdirectionstoomuchatlargeexcepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Craftymencontemnstudiessimplemenadmirethemwisemenuse

4、themftheyteachnottheirownusebutthatisawisdomwithoutthemabovethemwonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictconfusentobelievetakefgrantedntofindtalkdiscoursebuttoweighconsider.Somebooksaretobetastedotherstobeswallowedsomefewtobe

5、cheweddigestedthatissomebooksaretobereadonlyinpartsotherstobereadbutnotcuriouslysomefewtobereadywhollywithdiligenceattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputyextractsmadeofthembyothersbutthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimptantargum

6、entsthemeanerstofbookselsedistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwatersflashythings.Readingmakesafullmanconferenceareadymanwritinganexactman.therefeifamanwritelittlehehadneedhaveagreatmemyifheconferlittlehehadneedhaveaprese

7、ntwitifhereadlittlehehadneedhavemuchcunningtoseemtoknowthathedothnot.Histiesmakemenwisepoetswittythemathematicssubtlenaturalphilosophydeepmalgravelogicrheticabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmes.Naythereisnostondimpedimentinth

8、ewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodfthestonereinsshootingfthelungsbreastgentlewalkingfthestomachridingftheheadthelike.Soifaman’switbeweringlethimstudythemat

9、hematicsfindemonstrationsifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittlehemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishfinddifferenceslethimstudytheschoolmenftheyaresyminisectes.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatterstocalluponethingtoproveillus

10、trateanotherlethimstudythelawyers’cases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.Abeuntstudiainmes:StudiespassintotheacterSyminisectes:dividersofcuminseedshairsplitters大師們因為他們正是剖析毫發(fā)的人.假若一個人心靈遲滯不能舉一反三最好讓他去研究律師的案件.所以每一

11、種心理缺陷都有一種特殊的補救良方.三、孫有中譯文論學習學習可以作為消遣作為裝點也可以增進才能.其為消遣之用主在獨處、歸休之時；為裝點則在高談闊論之中；為才能則在明辨是非、深謀遠慮之間；因為專于一技者可以操持甚或判斷一事一物而唯有博學之士方能縱觀全局通權達變。國度沉溺于學習是怠惰；國度炫耀學問是華而不實；食書不化乃書生之大疾.學習可以完善天性并通過經驗得以完善自身；因為天生之才猶如天然之草木尚需通過學習加以修整；而紙上學位未免空談除非由經

12、驗加以約束.聰穎者鄙視學習愚魯者羨慕學習明智者利用學習；學習本身并不教人如何運用；唯有觀察可以帶來超越學習的智慧.讀書不為爭論長短不為輕信盲從也不為高談闊論而旨在衡情度理.有些書可以淺嘗輒止有些書可以生吞而有少數書應該細嚼慢咽融會貫通；換言之有些書可以閱讀但不必謹小慎微；而有少數書應該悉心通讀刻苦研習.有些書可以請人代讀也可以讀其節(jié)選；但這只限于那些不夠重要的論述和粗制濫造的書籍；否則經過提煉的書猶如經過提煉的水一樣淡而無味.讀書使人充

13、實老論使人機智筆記使人嚴謹；因此假若一個人很少做筆記那他需要有超人的記憶；假若他很少討論那他需要天資聰穎；而假若他很少讀書那他需要有充分的狡詐掩飾自己的無知.讀史使人明智讀詩使人聰穎算數使人縝密自然哲學使人深刻倫理使人莊重邏輯與修辭使人善辨.總之學習造就性格；不盡如此心智中任何障礙可以通過恰當的學習來疏通.這正如身體尚的疾病可以通過恰當的鍛煉來消除：滾球有益于腰腎射箭有益于胸肺慢步有益于腸胃騎馬有益于大腦等等.因此假若有人甚至懶散那就讓

14、他學習算術因為在演算中注意力稍有分散他就必須從頭做起；假若他的智慧不足以辨別差異那就讓他學習經院哲學家因為他們善于吹毛求疵；而假若他不擅處理事務不能觸類旁通那就讓他學習律師的案例.因此心智上的每一種缺陷都可能有專門的藥方.【文趣欣賞】OfStudies是培根400年前撰寫的一篇探討讀書問題的散文雜記亦是英語文學中婦孺皆知的勸學名篇.該文筆力遒勁蒼幽思想精深悠遠行文簡潔明快論述深入淺出分析桴鼓相應讀來時若春雨潤物時若激流漂石時若清風拂面時

15、若萬籟俱號令人似置身莊子《齊物論》所謂之“野馬也塵埃也生物之以息相吹也”之境界中.OfStudies從讀書之功用立論分析了讀書學習對人生不同凡響的意義.同時人們對讀書學習態(tài)度之取向、方法之別異也直接影響到了學習效果的涇渭兩色.培根以為讀書的功用有三即Studiesservefdelightfnamentfability.其在人生中的具體體現亦有三即Theirchiefusefdelightisinprivatenessretiringf

16、namentisindiscoursefabilityisinthejudgmentdispositionofbusiness.在作者看來人們的經驗與學識亦直接影響其讀書之取向與效用.具體說來就是expertmencanexecuteperhapsjudgeofparticularsonebyonebutthegeneralcounselstheplotsmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethat