大學英語四級語法精要

1、可可英語大學英語四級語法精要大學英語四級語法精要Ⅰ動詞動詞(時態(tài)時態(tài)語態(tài)語態(tài)用法用法省略省略一致性等一致性等)1.1.時態(tài)時態(tài)1)現在完成進行時態(tài)現在完成進行時態(tài)(havehasbeening分詞構成):動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始繼續(xù)到現在可能繼續(xù)下去也可能剛剛結束.I’vebeenwritinglettersfanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.2)過去完成進行時過去完成進行時(由hadbeening分詞

2、構成):過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作I’dbeenwkingfsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingfherftwohoursbythetimeshecame.3)將來完成進行時將來完成進行時:將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.Bynextsummerhewillhavebeenwkinghereftwentyyears.Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstud

3、yingherefthreeyears.4)將來完成時將來完成時(由shallwillhave過去分詞構成):將來某時會業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebefelunch.They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.2.2.語態(tài)語態(tài)1)可以有兩種被動結構的類型可以有兩種被動結構的類型例如:Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.I

4、twassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”“相信”等意義的動詞常見的有assumebelieveexpectfearfeelknowpresumereptsaysupposeunderst等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.擔當besupposedto與

5、不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:WhyareyoudrivingsofastinthisareaYouaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你應該應該曉得速度限制)2)2)雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態(tài)雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態(tài)a)雙賓語結構的被動語態(tài)雙賓語結構的被動語態(tài):雙賓語結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面但多數是把間接

6、賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemfmakingthenecessarypreparations.b)賓補結構的被動語態(tài)賓補結構的被動語態(tài):可可英語OnceOncehavinghavingmademadeapromisepromiseyoushouldkeepit.b)IfIfnecessarynecessaryI’

7、llhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)where(ver)necessarynecessary.IfIfpossiblepossibleIshouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.AsAsscheduledscheduledtheymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.2）在以thana)或asb)引起

8、的從句中常會有一些成分省略.a)Hetoldmenottousemematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmeofthecollectivethanofourselves.b)Theywkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavicemanagerbutstilloftenwksinthekitchenasbefe.Theirtrai

9、ningisfreeasisalleducation.Wewillasalwaysstonyourside.3）錯誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestingthereinhernightgowntwobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.5.5.一致一致1)如果主語是單數盡管后面跟有withtogetherwithaswellasasmu

10、chasnolessthanmethan等引導的短語謂語動詞仍舊用單數形式.TerryalongwithherfriendgoesskatingeverySaturday.Anexperttogetherwithsomeassistantswassenttohelpinthiswk.Thecaptainaswellasthecoacheswasdisappointedintheteam.2)代詞作主語時的一致a)eacheitherne

11、ither和由someanynoevery構成的復合代詞都作單數看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.IseverybodyreadySomebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyoub)somefewbothmany等作復數c)some可后接復數也可接單數表示某一.none作復數看待時較多但也