駕駛的壓力【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：ThestressofdrivingAstudypublishedin1987foundthatintheEuropeanCommunityaloneoutof124millionemployedpeopleabouthalfofthemcommutedtowkbycar.SincethentheirnumberhassubstantiallyincreasedespeciallyintheUK.

2、Equallywidespreadisdrivingfwkpurposeseitherasthemainoccupation(e.g.lrydrivers)asanintegralpartofwk(e.g.salespeople).Surveyshaveindicatedthatlongtermdriving(whethercommutingoccupational)actsasastressbyinterferingwith:●the

3、qualityoflifethroughreductionoftimeavailablefthefamilyleisureactivity●wkoutputthroughincreasedabsenteeismhigherratesofoccupationalaccidentsreducedproductivity●stateofhealthmostlyaffectingcardiovularneuroendocrinefunction

4、saswellasthequalityofsleepskeletomuscularproblems●psychologicalwellbeingthroughanincreaseinirritabilityaggressiveness.Theissueofdriverstresshastherefemethananacademicinterest.Ithaswideimplicationsfemployersaswellasfemplo

5、yeesitaffectstheinterestsofbothcategies.Sinceitisunlikelythatthetrendinmottransptisgoingtobereversedevenreducedindividualscompaniesalikeareinterestedinmeansofpreventingarrestingdriverstress.Anumberofquestionsariseregardi

6、ngtheeffectsoflongtermdrivingonpeoplespsychologicalwellbeing:●Isthereathesholdintermsofdistancetimespentdrivingabovewhichpeoplebecomeirritableaggressivediscontentedoffensivethoughts●dislikeofdrivingsometimesapproachingan

7、xietymanifestingitselfthroughalackofconfidenceintheabilitytoavoidaccidentsconsideringthattoomuchdrivingisawasteoftimeetc.●increasedalertnesswhendriving:conditionsareevaluatedasdangerousthwartingonestarget(e.g.delaysintra

8、fficjams)●lastbutnotleastfrustrationirritationprovokedbytheinteractionwithotherdriversinparticularinrelationtoovertaking.Thelevelofdriverstressdependsonthecombinationofallthesefactsistherefetheresultofdriversappraisaloft

9、rafficsituationstheirabilityadequatelytodealwiththem.Itisimptantthoughtodrawattentiontothefactthatagedrivingexperienceinfluencethelevelofdriverstress.Comparedwitholderdriversyoungerlessexperienceddriversrepthigherstressl

10、evelshavemeinappropriatebehavioursemotionalreactions.Thusintrafficjamstheyaremeannoyedirritatedthanolderdriversfrequentlyuseinefficientaggressivecopingstrategies.SOURCESOFDRIVERSTRESSWhatarethemainsourcesofdriverstressIs

11、driverstressjustatransientresponsetodifficulttrafficconditionsarethereotherfactscontributingtooToanswerthesequestionsdriverswereaskedtocompleteadiarytwiceadayinthemningbefeleavinghomeintheeveningbefeleavingwkfaperiodofse

12、vendays.Inthiswayitwasexpectedthatpossiblechangesintheirreactionsoveralongerintervaloftimebeertained(Gulianetal.1990).Thediaryconsistedofasectionrequiringfactualinfmationaboutthedailyjourneycurrentproblemsathomeatwkstate

13、ofhealthqualityofsleepasecondsectionconsistedofquestionsregardingtherespondentsemotionalreactionswhiledrivingbefeleavinghomewk.Amongfactsintrinsictodrivingwhichelicitstressonlyabout25percentmentiondistancetimespentonther