評價服務貿易自由化對發(fā)展中國家的利益【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯題目：題目：AssessingtheBenefitstoDevelopingCountriesofLiberalizationinServiceTrade出處出處:ThewldEconomyVolume27Issue8August2004Page:12251253作者：者：JohnWhalley原文：文：AssessingtheBenefitstoDevelopingCountriesofLibe

2、ralizationinServicesTradeNatureofServicesThepaperbeginsbyacterizingservicesasamajityofactivityfmostOECDeconomies(asmeasuredbyemploymentbyvalueaddediginating)asmallerbutstilllargeptionofactivityfpoerdevelopingcountries.It

3、suggeststhatsocalled‘ce’servicescanbestbethoughtof(seeMelvin1989)asrelatingtointermediationthroughtime(bankinginsurance)space(telecomstransptationretailingwholesaling)withawiderangeofdiverseadditionalserviceitemsmakingup

4、thebalanceofwhatmostpeoplereferasServices(tourismconsultingservicesgovernmentservicesutilities).Thisdiverserangeofactivitiesistypicallytreatedinquantitativestudiesasasinglehomogeneousentityfrequentlylabeledasservicesfana

5、lyticalconveniencewheninfactitsheterogeneitysuggestsadifferenttreatmentfeach.Thisheterogeneityisinmyviewkeytobetterunderstinghowservicestradeliberalizationcouldaffectpoercountries.ImpactsofLiberalizationonPoerCountriesTh

6、ereisageneralpresumptioninthepoercountriesthattheywilllosefromglobalservicestradeliberalizationsincetheirdomesticserviceindustriesareinefficientnoncompetitive.Thisviewisdespitetheargumentsfromeconomistsastothegainstodome

7、sticconsumersfromlowerpricesthejointbenefitswhichserviceprovision(asinbankingfinstance).Mostoftheavailablestudiesofwhatbenefitsmightflowfromservicesliberalizationassumetherewillbefullmultilateralopeningofservicemarketsre

8、sultsofstudiesmustbeinterpretedinlightofthispresumption.Ifonesidedliberalizationistheexpectedoutcomedevelopingcountriesmaywellremainopposedtoliberalizationonthegroundsitisnonreciprocaldespitetheresultsofstudies.Thesecond

9、cautionthatdevelopingcountriesexpressisthenaturesizeoftheadjustmentsindomesticeconomieswhichservicesliberalizationmayimply.Onedimensionofadjustmentrelatestopotentialfeignmajityownershipcontrolofprovisioninkeyservicesects

10、therelatedsecurityculturalconcerns.Feignentitieshavingaccesstocontroloverbankrecdsfinancialinfmationofdomesticresidentsfinstanceisseeninsomecountriesasunacceptable.Alsoavibrantvitaldomesticbroadcastfilmindustrymaybeviewe

11、dasintegraltonationalculturalidentity.Addedtosuchconcernsisthepotentialsizeoflabmarketadjustmentsifdomesticbanksaredisplacedbyfeignbanksdomesticbyfeignairlinesotherlargechangesintheganizationoflabintensivesectswhichmight

12、followafterliberalizationAgainstthisbackgroundthepaperidentifiesthreecentralissueswhichexistingliteratureonthequantificationofthepotentialbenefitstodevelopingcountriesofservicetradeliberalizationraises.Fsimplicityinthedi

13、scussionofstudiesassumeasintheliteraturethatthisisinfactmultilateralliberalizationratherthantheunilateralliberalizationdevelopingcountriespresumeitmaywellbeinreality.Thefirstistherepresentationofmeasurementofbarrierstose

14、rvicestradeinindividualcountriestheassociatedissueofmeasuringthesizeofservicestradeitself.Boththelevelcompositionofglobalservicestradeispolymeasuredatpresentbecausethereisnofmalcustomersclearancefservicestrade.Despitethi

15、stheliteratureConsensusisthatservicestradeislarge(theWTOputitat30percentofcombinedtradeingoodsservices)growing(atperhapsdoubletherateofgoodstrade).Currentinfmationonbarrierstoflowsofservicestradereflectsanumberofsources.