美國的農(nóng)場工人住房現(xiàn)狀【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：TheConditionofFarmwkerHousingintheEasternUnitedStatesSafesecurehousingisabasichumanneed.InthischapterwedescribethehousingoffarmwkersintheeasternUnitedStates(US)showthatmuchofhishousinghasthepotentialt

2、oadverselyaffectthehealthsafetyoffarmwkerstheirfamilies.ThepurposeofthischapteristoreviewthecurrentdocumentationoffarmwkerhousingintheeasternUSillustratehowcurrentstardsresultinunsafeunjustlivingconditionsffarmwkersrecom

3、mendchangesinhousingpolicythatwillimprovehealthsafetyjusticeffarmwkers.Thisreviewbeginswithanexplanationofwhyhousingisimptantwhyinadequatehousingisaconcernffarmwkerhealthsafetyjustice.Theresearchthathasaddressedfarmwkerh

4、ousingintheeasternUSisreviewedlimitationsofthisresearchliteraturearesummarized.HousingconditionsexperiencedbyfarmwkersintheeasternUSasdocumentedbythelimitedresearcharedescribedvariabilityinfarmwkerhousingconditionsisdocu

5、mented.FarmwkerhousingconditionsintheeasternUSarecomparedtonationalfarmwkerhousingdata.Thepotentialhealtheffectsofthesubstardhousinginwhichfarmwkerslivearediscussed.Thediscussionoffarmwkerhousingstardspolicyincludesthree

6、topics.FarmwkerhousingintheeasternUSiscomparedtoestablishedhousingstards.Theeffectivenessofmigranthousingregulationsisreviewed.Programsthatcouldassistfarmwkerswithhousingarediscussed.Finallyrecommendationstoimprovefarmwk

7、erhousingarepresented.FarmwkersintheeasternUSacrosstheentirenationexperiencepohousingconditionsDespitetheexistenceoftemparylabcampstardsthatareenfcedbytheOccupationalSafetyHealth.Administration(OSHA)manyfarmwkersliveinho

8、usingthatissubstardunsanitary.Itiscrowdedisnotstructurallysoundhasfaultyelectricalsystemsnoelectricalservicehasfaultyplumbingnoplumbinglacksfacilitiesffoodstagepreparationcontainsbiological(e.g.moldinsects)chemical(e.g.p

9、esticideslead)toxicants.farmwkersreptedthreemepersonspersleepingroom12%reptedsixmepersonspershowerheadinMay67%reptedthreemepersonspersleepingroom42%reptedsixmepersonspershowerheadinAugustSeptember.Crowdingisoftenassociat

10、edwithhigherhousingcosts.Instatesareaswhererentsarehighwkersattempttolowertheirhousingcostsbyincreasingthenumberofresidents.Owingtothediscrepancybetweenthenumberofbedsavailableinemploymentrelatedhousingthenumberofwkerste

11、mparilyemployedmostfarmwkersrelyonprivatehousingmarketsthemajityofwhichareunabletomeetthehighdemfinexpensiveshttermhousingthatoccursduringthepeakagriculturalseason.Theprevalenceoffarmwkerhouseholdswithhousingcostburdenva

12、riesconsiderablyfromstatetostate.ConnecticutMassachusettsNthCarolinaSouthCarolinaVirginiahadnounitsintheHousingAssistanceCouncilsurveywithhousingcostburdenwhereasFlidahad31%NewJersey11%Maryl8%ofunitswithhousingcostburden

13、.ItiscommonffarmwkerhouseholdsintheeasternUStolackaccesstoimptantappliancesfacilities.ThestoverefrigeratbathtubshowertoiletwasbrokeninalmostonefifthofdwellingsintheHousingAssistanceCouncilsurvey.Thesedwellingscommonlylac

14、kedappliancesnecessaryfsafestagepreparationoffoodmethanonequarterofhouseholdslackedawkingoven12%lackedawkingstove8%lackedawkingrefrigerat.Toiletsweremissingbrokenin15%ofhousingunitsnearly7%ofunitslackedbathingfacilities.

15、Anindotoiletwasnotpresentin5%offarmwkerfamilydwellingsinNthCarolina28%didnothaveadequatefacilitiesffoodpreparationrefusedisposaltwothirdsdidnothaveadequatespacelackedlockabledoswindows58%lackedequipmentfsafeadequateheati

16、ng.OveronequarteroffarmwkerhousingintheeasternUShadevidenceofseriousstructuralproblemssuchassaggingroofframepches。Methanthreefourthsofdwellingshadatleastoneexteriproblem。29%ofdwellingshadfourmeproblems13%hadsixmeproblems