污染控制與墨西哥吸收外商直接投資一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)層面的分析【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：外文題目：PollutionControlFeignDirectInvestmentinMexico:AnIndustryLevelAnalysis出處：處：EnvironmentalResourceEconomics作者：者：reasWaldkirchMunisamyGopinath譯文：文：PollutionControlFeignDirectInvestmentinMexico:

2、AnIndustryLevelAnalysisreasWaldkirchMunisamyGopinathABSTRACTFeigndirectinvestment(FDI)flowsintodevelopingcountrieshavebeenincreasingdramaticallyoverthepastdecade.Atthesametimetherehasbeenwidespreadconcernthatlaxenvironme

3、ntalstardsareinpartresponsiblefthissurge.ThispaperrevisitsthequestionoftheexistenceofapollutionhaveneffectbyexaminingtheextenttowhichthepollutionintensityofproductionhelpsexplainFDIinMexico.Wefocusonpollutionintensitiesw

4、hicharedirectlyrelatedtoemissionregulationsratherthanunobservablepollutiontaxesallowfsubstitutionbetweencapitalpollution.ExaminingseveraldifferentpollutantswefindapositivecrelationbetweenFDIpollutionthatisstatisticallyec

5、onomicallysignificantinthecaseofthehighlyregulatedsulfurdioxideemissions.IndustriesfwhichtheestimatedrelationshipbetweenFDIpollutionispositivereceiveupto30%oftotalFDI30%ofmanufacturingoutput.Althoughweconfirmtheimptanceo

6、fMexico’scomparativeadvantageinlabintensiveproductionprocessesconsistentwiththepreviousliteratureourresultssuggestthatenvironmentalconsiderationsmaymatteraswellffirms’investmentdecisions.Introduction3oninvestmenttradeflo

7、wsdependsontherelativestrengthofcompositionscaletechniqueeffects(seeCopelTayl2003).Ontheempiricalsidemanystudiesfaceproblemssuchasunobservedheterogeneityaggregationbiaspossibleendogeneityofproxiesfenvironmentalstringency

8、(LevinsonTayl2004).SincedecisionsonoutputinputspollutionabatementaremadesimultaneouslyregressionsoftradeFDIonpollutionabatementcostshaveproducedcounterintuitiveresultse.g.significantpollutionhaveneffectsflesspollutionint

9、ensiveindustries(Kalt1998GrossmanKrueger1993).CompoundingtheseproblemsistheuseofUSdataonpollutionintensitiesabatementcoststorepresentenvironmentalEnvironmentalregulationstheirenfcementinMexicowereverylowuntilwellintothe1

10、980s.Thescopeofenvironmentalregulationhaspickeduponlyrecently.TheagencyingeofenfcementofregulationsisProcuraduraFederaldeProteccinalAmbiente(PROFEPA)whosefactyinspectionsexpedduringthe1990sfromonlyafewperyeartoseveraltho

11、us(Dasguptaetal.2000).Asfarascomplianceisconcernedinaconfidentialsurveyof236Mexicanplantsinthefallof1995Dasguptaetal.(2000)foundthat52%ofsurveyrespondentsadmittedonlyoccasionalnocompliancewithenvironmentalregulations.See

12、alsoLucasetal.(1992)Hettigeetal.(1996)ManiWheeler(1998).PollutionControlFeignDirectInvestmentinMexico291regulationsofbothdevelopeddevelopingcountries(EskelHarrison2003).WheneconomywidedataareusedthecompositionofGDPmaycha

13、ngeovertimethusattributingchangesinpollutionoutputtochangesinenvironmentalstringencyinsteadofthiscompositioneffect.Finallywhenmanyunobservedacteristicsofindustrysuchasthelabintensityofproductionarenotcontrolledfinempiric

14、alanalysestheresultingestimatesarelikelytobebiased.Anotherreasonwhydevelopingcountriesdonottendtobecomepollutionhavensmaybethatthestringencyofacountry’senvironmentalstardsisonlyoneperhapsnotthemostimptantfactdeterminingc

15、omparativeadvantageamongcountries(Ederingtonetal.2005).Inparticularendowmentoffactssuchasskilledlabcapitallargelydeterminewhereindustryislocatedwhichgoodsacountrywillexpt.Totheextentthatheavilypollutingindustriesalsotend