語(yǔ)法精講強(qiáng)化系列并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句

1、語(yǔ)法精講強(qiáng)化系列6. 并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句,一、并列句1. 并列連詞(1)并列連詞按照在句中的作用可分為: 表并列關(guān)系的連詞(and, as well as, both. . . and. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等)、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞(but, yet, while等)、表選擇關(guān)系的連詞(or, either. . . or. . . 等)、

2、表因果關(guān)系的連詞(for, so等)。,*(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses.,(2)when和while可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時(shí), 此時(shí)突然”; while表示“然而, 而”, 表對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。并列連詞when常用于以下句型中: ①. . . was/were doing.

3、 . . when. . . (……正在做……突然……)②. . . was/were about to do. . . when. . . (……剛要做……突然……),③. . . was/were on the point of doing. . . when. . . (……剛要做……突然……)④. . . had just done. . . when. . . (……剛/一……就……),*The children were

4、 running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motorbike.,2. 祈使句+and/or/otherwise句式(1)祈使句+and+陳述句=if. . . , +主句。*Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to

5、you. =If you find ways to praise your children often, you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.,(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陳述句=if. . . not. . . , +主句。*Hurry up or we will be late. =If you don’t hurry up, we will be lat

6、e.,【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空(2015·四川高考)West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, 　　 he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.,解題關(guān)鍵: 句意: 威斯特雖沒有將他的想法在更大的石頭上試驗(yàn), 但他認(rèn)為滾動(dòng)運(yùn)輸比滑動(dòng)運(yùn)輸有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。答案判定: but,【高考題組】改錯(cuò)/用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1

7、. (2015·四川高考)In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. (改錯(cuò))_________,so改為but,2. (2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)There the air is clean or the mountains are green. (改錯(cuò))__________3. (2014·

8、;全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____ some of them looked very anxious.,or改為and,and,4. (2014·天津高考)Give me a chance, or I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. (改錯(cuò))__________,or改為and,二、狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1　讓步狀

9、語(yǔ)從句　★★★★★(1)though/although: 在句子中一般用了“雖然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以與yet或still連用; though與although意義相同, 用法基本一樣, 前者通俗, 口語(yǔ)化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。,*Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty i

10、n waking him up.,(2)even if和even though的意思為“即使, 縱使”, 有退一步設(shè)想的意味, 多用于書面語(yǔ)中。*Even if the connections were visible, they would remain beyond the understanding of most people.,(3)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書面語(yǔ), 從句常放在句首, 語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)

11、、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形。若表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 則該名詞提前時(shí), 省去其前的冠詞。*Tired as they were, they walked on without any rest.,(4)no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how. . . ): no matter. . . 與wh-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句意義基本一樣, no matter. . . 引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前或主句后。

12、*No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless.,(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever); however。①wh-ever從句中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以和may連用; ②wh-ever可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, no matter. . . 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。*

13、To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.,(6)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 意為“盡管”, 一般放在句首。*While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also good at basketball.,【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)(2015

14、83;浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.,解題關(guān)鍵: 從句意思是“當(dāng)我在那間教室學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)我只是一個(gè)孩子”, 而主句意思是“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記”, 主從句的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是讓步, 而不是條件。答案判定: If改為Although或者Though,考點(diǎn)2　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句　★★★★(1)when指的是“某一具體的時(shí)間”,

15、 從句中謂語(yǔ)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。*When we handed him the bag of food, he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes.,(2)whenever指的是“在任何一個(gè)不具體的時(shí)間”。*You can ask for help whenever you need it. (3)while指“在某一段時(shí)間里”, “在……期間”, while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性

16、的。*While he was watching Nirvana in Fire, his deskmate learned all the new words by heart.,(4)as(一邊……一邊)引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作, 強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。*He hurried home, looking behind as he went. (5)before意為“在……之前, 在……之后才, 不等……就”。*The girl

17、 had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.,(6)after意為“在……之后”。*Several years after they’d split up they met again by chance in Beijing.,(7)till/until: 如果主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)

18、性動(dòng)詞, 常用肯定式, 表示“直到……為止”; 如果主句動(dòng)詞是瞬間性動(dòng)詞, 要用否定式, 表示“直到……才”“在……以前不”, 從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào), 一般用until。*I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.,(8)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)通常是短暫性動(dòng)詞, 主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。*I have bee

19、n teaching here since I left college.,(9)as soon as/hardly. . . when/no sooner. . . than/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instantly: hardly. . . when和no sooner. . . than的意義相當(dāng)于as soon as, 但只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事

20、情, 主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí), 從句為過(guò)去時(shí), 如hardly或no sooner位于句首時(shí)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng), 而且主句的謂語(yǔ)要用部分倒裝。,*Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available.,(10)every time/each time/last time/next time/by the

21、 time: 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中, 不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí), 而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。*Next time you come here, I will tell you.,【點(diǎn)津】時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的3個(gè)重點(diǎn)句型(1)It will be. . . before. . . 過(guò)多久才……*It will be long before they come back. 他們很久才能回來(lái)。,(2)It won’t be. .

22、 . before. . . 不久就……*John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job. (3)It is/has been. . . since. . . 自從……以來(lái)……時(shí)間,注意: since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用瞬間性動(dòng)詞, 表示的時(shí)間是從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作算起; 如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間是從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束算起。,*It has been a decade

23、 since he joined the club. 他加入這個(gè)俱樂部已10年了。(從加入俱樂部后算起)*It is two years and a half since he was an ambassador to France. 他不擔(dān)任駐法大使已兩年半了。(從不再擔(dān)任駐法大使算起),【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)He even scared my classmates away during they

24、 came over to play or do homework with me.,解題關(guān)鍵: during是介詞, 不能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句, when是連詞, 可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句, 從句中的動(dòng)詞既可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。此處需要表示時(shí)間的連詞, 所以用when。答案判定: during改為when,【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)___ more and more people speak

25、the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. 2. (2014·浙江高考)______ I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted somethi

26、ng, I should save money to buy it.,As,When,3. (2014·遼寧高考)Stare at him _____ he gets aware of it and quiets down. 4. (2013·上海高考)They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ di

27、fficulty they might have.,until,whatever,考點(diǎn)3　地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句　★★★1. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句?？疾? (1)where與wherever意義基本相同, 但后者語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng), 多用于書面語(yǔ)。*Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.,(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)常兼

28、有抽象條件意味。*Where there’s a will, there’s a way.,【點(diǎn)津】where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句直接修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 而在定語(yǔ)從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面, 即此時(shí)有明顯的地點(diǎn)名詞。*When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful where

29、you made a mistake. =When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.,2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞: if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as。(1)unless從句的謂

30、語(yǔ)只能用肯定式; unless和if. . . not同義, unless是書面語(yǔ), if. . . not是口語(yǔ), 二者通常可以換用。*The little boy won’t go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story.,(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。*So long as you work hard, you will

31、succeed.,【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空(2014·重慶高考)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi　　　the bus had dropped her. 解題關(guān)鍵: 把握所填空前后的關(guān)系, 從couldn’t get a taxi與the bus had dropped her的邏輯關(guān)系上看應(yīng)表示地點(diǎn)。答案判定: where,【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填

32、空1. (2014·遼寧高考)__ you don’t mind, I’ll stop and takea deep breath. 2. (2014·湖南高考)You will never gain success ______ you are fully devoted to your work.,If,unless,3. (2013·上海高考)I cannot hear the profess

33、or clearly as there is too much noise ______ I am sitting.,where,考點(diǎn)4　其他狀語(yǔ)從句　★★1. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句(1)so that/in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could等。*The police officers in our city work hard in order that the rest of us can l

34、ive a safe life.,(2)in order that引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前或之后, so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句之后。(3)for fear that(唯恐, 以防)與in case所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也用should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形。*The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might se

35、e him. *Take your umbrella in case it should rain.,【點(diǎn)津】in case當(dāng)“萬(wàn)一, 如果”講時(shí), 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。*In case that he leaves, please inform me.,(4)目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用so as to, in order to等代替, 但主句和從句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。*He got up early in order that he coul

36、d catch the early bus. =He got up early so as to/in order to catch the early bus.,2. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(1)so that前有逗號(hào), 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。*We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. (2)so. . . that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞。*He was so ex

37、cited that he couldn’t say a word.,(3)such. . . that中such后面跟名詞, 如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a/an. . . that, 還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用so. . . that, 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。*Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. =Jack is such an honest worker that we all be

38、lieve him.,3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句(1)because用來(lái)回答why的提問(wèn), 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng), 一般放在主句之后。*The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2)since表示既然或已知的理由, 稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。*Since everyone is here, let

39、’s begin our meeting.,(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首, 說(shuō)明次要的原因, 主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果, 常用于口語(yǔ)中(注意比較: for連接的是并列句)。*As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.,considering that, seeing that, now that和since意義相似, 都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的意思

40、, that可以省去。*He finished his task very well, considering that it was quite different. 鑒于這項(xiàng)任務(wù)相當(dāng)特殊, 他完成得很不錯(cuò)。,4. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句(1)as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句, 意為“按照”。*Do as you are told to. (2)as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣; 從句中可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示可能符合事實(shí), 也可以用虛擬

41、語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)相反。*Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.,5. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句(1)as. . . as; not so/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示同程度級(jí)的比較, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用not as. . . as或no

42、t so. . . as。*He doesn’t run so/as fast as Jack(does).,(2)than表示不同程度的比較, 主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。*He runs less fast than me. 他跑得不如我快。,【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)(2014·浙江高考)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born such that she could s

43、tay home and raise her family.,解題關(guān)鍵: 由關(guān)鍵信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知, stay home and raise her family是辭職的目的。so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。答案判定: such改為so,【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The set worked so beautiful

44、ly when I first got it home ____ I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.,that,2. (2014·北京高考)_____ this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a prize, too. 3. (2014·江蘇高考)He