英漢翻譯分句、合句法

1、英漢翻譯---分句、合句法,,定義,分句法---把原文的一個簡單句譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。合句法---把原文兩個或兩個以上的簡單句或一個復(fù)合句在譯文中用一個單句來表達(dá)。,一、分句法（一）、把原文中的一個單詞譯成句子，使原文的一個句子分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。,副詞 1） The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.

2、 譯文：中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。 2）Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can Possibly get here in the United Stated. 譯文：我希望能在這些國家得到比我在美國這里所能得到的更好的治療。,3) They, not su

3、rprisingly, did not respond at all.譯文：他們根本沒有答復(fù)，這是不足為奇的。4)He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago.譯文：他真愿那時候已在家里。要是在往常的日子里，他早已到家三小時了。,,5) Illogically, she had expected some kind

4、of miracle solution.譯文：她滿想會有某種奇跡般的解決辦法。這是不合情理的事。6) But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.譯文：但是，

5、偶爾也有這種情況，由于倉促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成錯誤，結(jié)果當(dāng)天停業(yè)結(jié)算時，有的出納會短了現(xiàn)金而另一個卻會多了現(xiàn)金。,形容詞,1）Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance”.譯文：毛主席在談到他的“自力更生”的政策時，也許有些自豪感，這是可以理解的。2）That region was the most

6、 identifiable trouble spot.譯文：那地區(qū)是個麻煩的地方，這是大家最容易看得出來的。,,3) He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial.譯文：長期以來，他的同僚雖然看不起他，卻還是對他有些親切感，現(xiàn)在，除看不起他之外，親切感也沒有了。4) He stal

7、ked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.譯文：他昂首闊步地走開，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦惱。,名詞,1) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.譯文：我離開哪個擔(dān)任掩體速度之快，要是拍成電影的話，會象出膛的子彈一樣。2) He shook his

8、head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.譯文：他搖了搖頭，兩目睜得圓圓的，接著又瞇成一條線，臉上露出了憤怒的神色。,,3) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an exc

9、ellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity…譯文：作為居住的地方，這里有許多不足之處。但作為完全新型飛機的秘密訓(xùn)練基地切實非常理想的。它地處邊陲，人們不易了解其中的活動……4) The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.譯文：每個帳篷內(nèi)怎樣的布置，這要看各個

10、使用者的性格了。,（二）把原文中的一個短語譯成句子，使原文的一個句子分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。,分詞短語１）They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.譯文：他們在群眾佳麗感到自在，行動時心里踏實，無憂無慮。２）She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a c

11、orner of the little kitchen.譯文：她坐在那兒雙手拖著下巴，眼睛凝視著小廚房的一角。３）Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.譯文：陽光射入了它所能透過的所以地方，趕走了黑暗，驅(qū)散了幽影。,,４）He was lying on his side watching her.

12、譯文：他側(cè)身躺著。雙目凝視著她。５）But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it .譯文：可是他們都變成沙漠里的牧民了，生活在蒼天之下，黃土之上。他們可也喜歡這種生活。,名詞短語,１）I wrote four books in the first three years, a re

13、cord never touched before.譯文：我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。２）The military is forbidden to “kill” the vessel, a relatively easy task.譯文：（政府）禁止軍方“擊毀”這艘潛艇，雖然要擊毀該艇并不怎么費事。,,３）The station chief would have to be close to the director,

14、a member of the inner circle.譯文：這位站長就得接近董事，因為董事是核心集團的成員。４）Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.譯文：能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。５）The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food

15、.譯文：這個醫(yī)院伙食好，這點已遠(yuǎn)近聞名了。,前置詞短語,1）In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yanan.譯文：1946年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路過中國；由于我丈夫已在戰(zhàn)爭中犧牲了

16、，當(dāng)時我并不急于回去，就到了延安。 2）Their power increased with their number.譯文：他們?nèi)藬?shù)增加了，力量也隨之增強。,,3）He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.譯文：他來到華盛頓，就國際形式來說，時機正合適。4) Doctors and men both talked about a miracle dru

17、g constantly almost with awe.譯文：醫(yī)生和傷病員常常嘆氣一種神奇的藥物，而且談時幾乎都帶著一種敬畏的口氣。,,5) The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach. 譯文：答案一直擺在那里，可（他）就是沒有拿到手。 6) Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little b

18、it of irritation in it, unusual to Rob. 譯文：麥爾斯先生仍然面帶微笑，可是他的口氣卻有點不耐煩了。,（三） 把原文的一個句子拆開，譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。,1）Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat.譯文：有時，克羅斯太太一面在大廚房踱來踱去，一面看他吃飯。 2）She

19、 had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.譯文：她已試了好幾次，要幫他們另找一所出租的房子，結(jié)果并未成功。,,3）But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.譯文：但是，如

20、果該地區(qū)再次發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭，顯然會使國際關(guān)系處于緊張狀態(tài)。4）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.譯文：因為他沒有遵守安全規(guī)則，機器出了故障。,,5) The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees. 譯文：屋后是

21、個寬敞的院子，大部分都給果實累累的果樹占據(jù)了。 6) David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain.譯文：大衛(wèi)把門打開，亞瑟走出去，冒著雨。He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.譯文：他想告訴約

22、翰，他沒有料到他的知識有這么淵博，但是覺得有些不好意思，沒有說出口。,二．合句法,（一）把原文中兩個或兩個以上的簡單句（Simple sentence）譯成一個單句。 1）It was on the early morning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were briefed in the ready room.譯文：1971年4月2日清晨，飛機駕駛員都在待命室接受飛行任務(wù)。,,2）He was v

23、ery clean. His mind was open..譯文：他為人單純而坦率。 3）There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South..譯文：從全國各地來的人中有許多是南方人。 4） His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in

24、 the north of Italy near the sea.譯文：他的父親在意大利北部近海的比薩開小鋪。,,5) It was half past ten. Sarie watched the path anxiously.譯文：十點半鐘的時候，莎麗焦急地朝著小路張望。 6) That was long ago. A very long time ago. Almost 30 years ago.譯文：那件事發(fā)生在很久

25、很久以前，將近三十年了。 7) He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Celia. 譯文：他會想念許許多多往事、許許多多朋友、也會想念他的西莉亞。,,（二）把原文中的主從復(fù)合句（Complex sentence）譯成一個單句。 1）When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.譯

26、文：我在談判時總有些緊張。緊張時我就吃點東西。,,2）When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.譯文：我們對中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國人民的贊揚不僅僅是出于禮貌。3）I’m blest if II know.譯文：我一點也不知道。 4) He stood on the curb till a car shot

27、by.譯文：他站在路邊等車飛快地開過去。,,5) While he washed, he heard the doorbell.譯文：他洗澡時聽到了門鈴聲。6) When I came to the summit, I became very excited.譯文：到達(dá)山頂時我非常興奮。7) If we do a thing, we should do it well.譯文：我們要干就要干好。,,（三）把原文中的并列復(fù)

28、合句（Compound sentence）譯成一個單句。 1）From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea.譯文：阿諾河從佛羅倫薩流經(jīng)比薩入海。 2）In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.譯文：1844年恩格斯與馬克思相遇并成了朋友。3）The time was 1

29、0:30, and traffic on the street was light.譯文：十點三十分的時候，街上來往的車輛稀少了。,,４）It was 1953, and I had just come from Kilkelly, Ireland, to seek my fortune. 譯文：一九五三年，我剛從愛爾蘭的克爾克勒來此找出路。５）It was an LST, and it was already nearly lo