供應(yīng)鏈金融貿(mào)易銀行加強(qiáng)與客戶關(guān)系的一種新型方式【外文翻譯】

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯 </b></p><p>　　Supply chain finance : A new way for trade banks to strengthen customer relationships</p><p>　　Material Source: CGI group Autho

2、r:Kitt Carswell</p><p>　　Driven by a range of pressures, organizations must increasingly source and sell globally. Yet moving from regional to global sourcing has had a negative effect on these organizations

3、'Working Capital and supply chain performance. As a result, they are looking to their banks to optimize their financial supply chains, including offering new technologies, bank-assisted Open Account instruments, and

4、new payables and receivables financing approaches.</p><p>　　In an increasingly global marketplace, it is more challenging than ever for corporations to keep their competitive edge. Due to the inability of tr

5、acking shipment of orders, buyers cannot accurately predict when shipments will arrive or payments are due. To compensate, buyers are holding higher levels of inventory to prevent outages and cash to ensure funding is av

6、ailable to meet payment obligations. Yet pressing sellers for longer payment terms has increased prices, eroded relationships with se</p><p>　　Letters of Credit and Documentary Collections are the traditiona

7、l Trade Finance instruments used by sellers to mitigate buyer's risk and obtain financing. While these payment methods will continue to play a role in Trade Finance, their importance has eroded by about five percent

8、per year over the past five years. Buyers and sellers alike find them complicated, time consuming and expensive to use.</p><p>　　To mitigate the situation,buyers and sellers are moving to another form of tra

9、ding which is faster,easier and less costly:Open Account.This reduces the need for the risk-mitigating buyer features found in traditional Trade Finance products.</p><p>　　In traditional Open Account trading

10、 scenarios, sellers ship their goods and send an invoice to the buyer.In turn,the buyer pays the seller's invoice by check or electronic payment.Unlike Letters of Credit and Documentary Collections,trade banks' i

11、nvolvement in this process has been restricted to processing checks and payments,which provides no insight into their customers'supply chains. </p><p>　　Open Account trading currently represents 85 perce

12、nt of global trade transactions, reducing the role of traditional Trade Finance to about 15 percent.As a result, banks' participation in their customers'trading is steadily declining-confining banks to an ever sm

13、aller slice of their customers'overall trade business.</p><p>　　Faced with the complex requirements of their extended supply chains, corporations are looking for help.An Aberdeen Group study conducted in

14、 2006 found that 90 percent of enterprises addressing their global supply chain technology as “inadequate to provide the corporate finance function with the timely information it requires. ”As a result,bank customers are

15、 looking for creative new ways to increase responsiveness, visibility, efficiency, cost optimization, liquidity and predictability across the</p><p>　　As a result of the long-term trusted role that banks hav

16、e traditionally played,their customers are looking to them to help optimize their financial supply chains-including offering new technologies, bank-assisted Open Account instruments, and new payables and receivables fina

17、ncing approaches.</p><p>　　Aberdeen Group defines Supply Chain Finance(SCF)as“a combination of Trade Financing provided by a financial institution,a third-party vendor, or a corporation itself, and a technol

18、ogy platform that unites trading partners and financial institutions electronically and provides the financing triggers based on the occurrence of one or several supply chain events.” The overall goal of SCF is to optimi

19、ze Working Capital throughout the end-to-end supply chain for both buyers and sellers.</p><p>　　Key elements of SCF include Purchase Order/Invoice Data Management, bank-assisted Open Account, Open Account Pa

20、yment,Export/Seller Finance and buyer side finance.</p><p>　　Global trade transactions revolve around Purchase Orders, Invoices and other non bank documents. Letters of Credit,Documentary Collections and ban

21、k-assisted Open Account instruments simply provide added benefits.</p><p>　　Incorporating Purchase Order and Invoice data into traditional Trade Finance and creating new Open Account solutions around them al

22、lows banks to provide strong offerings that align with corporations'view of the Supply Chain Finance.</p><p>　　The first step is to work with the customer to obtain access to Purchase Order and Invoice D

23、ata. This can be accomplished through portal uploads or back-office integration.</p><p>　　Once the data is available,banks can offer a range of services,including: Purchase Orders

24、/Invoices linking Open Account and Trade Finance instruments. Banks can link Purchase Orders and Invoices to their Open Account and Trade Finance instruments, with the objective to integrate Purchase Order terms to the i

25、nstrument and/or to provide the underlying basis for financing.</p><p>　　Banks also can match Invoice Data against Purchase Orders to identify mismatches.Mismatches are then handled as appropriate for the

26、 type of instrument to which the Purchase Order is linked.Matching can be done at a high level,matching key data only,or can be executed in more depth. For example, Swift recently introduced their Trade Services Utility(

27、TSU)to provide its member banks with a deep matching service they can embed within their trade applications.</p><p>　　As a result of invoice matching,the bank can track the status of Purchase Orders and thei

28、r remaining balances on behalf of the customer. This information can be provided back to the customer via various channels, such as front-end systems and back-office integration.</p><p>　　The typical Order-t

29、o-Pay trade cycle places the financial burden on sellers. They must prepare and ship their orders,followed by a rather long wait for payment. This results in a growing need for export financing.</p><p>　　How

30、ever, the role of Export Finance varies widely. The mix that a bank might provide depends on the risk profile of the bank, which role the bank is playing in the transaction, and type of programs that it may support. As d

31、escribed below, Export/Seller Finance can be extended in a wide range of contexts and situations.</p><p>　　To provide financing at various points within the Order-o-Pay lifecycle,the export bank for an Expor

32、t Letter of Credit or Outgoing Collection can provide pre-shipment, shipment or post-shipment financing.</p><p>　　Pre-shipment finance:The bank finances the manufacture or purchase of goods to be shipped.Alt

33、hough traditionally based on the seller having a Letter of Credit that covers payment of goods, Purchase Orders are gaining acceptance as the basis for this type of finance.</p><p>　　Shipment finance: The ba

34、nk provides financing from the time Letter of Credit documents are presented or that Outward Collection instructions are received from the exporter until payment is received.</p><p>　　Post-shipment finance:I

35、f the Letter of Credit or Collection specifies time payment by Banker's Acceptance(BA),Deferred Payment(D/P)or trade acceptance, the bank can extend financing until the maturity date of these instruments is reached.&

36、lt;/p><p>　　Although these types of financing are not new,the ability to link Purchase Order and Invoice Data to an Export Finance instrument provides a stronger basis for extending finance for a higher percent

37、age of the Invoice value or at a better rate of interest.</p><p>　　Without an existing presence in the seller's country will not find Direct Export Finance attractive.However, banks that do have a presen

38、ce can offer financing on the Purchase Orders or Invoices that have been downloaded and linked to bank-assisted Open Account and Import Letters of Credit instruments.</p><p>　　Supply Chain Finance creates a

39、unique situation where everyone–buyer, seller and bank–benefits. While buyers enjoy lower prices for goods purchased, improved visibility of their cash flow, and an increasingly reliable supply base, sellers can leverage

40、 the buyer's credit to reduce the cost of capital, obtain lower cost financing and create more predictable cash flow.Meanwhile, trade banks stand to dramatically increase the amount of business they conduct with thei

41、r customers. By extending their r</p><p>　　Innovative organizations already are enjoying the benefits of Supply Chain Finance. According to a study conducted by Aberdeen Group in 2007, “Best in class compani

42、es are six times more likely to have gained significant competitive advantage due to implementing SCF technology.”</p><p>　　The market for Supply Chain Finance is at a critical stage of development. In a sur

43、vey conducted by Aberdeen Group in 2006,more than two-thirds of companies report that they are“investigating or putting in place SCF programs to lower end-to-end costs.</p><p>　　Trade banks are in a unique p

44、osition to turn that demand into a profitable business. The same forces that have driven bank customers to transform their operations from local to global are giving banks the opportunity to apply their Trade Financing e

45、xpertise in creative new ways.Innovative banks already have begun the process, and others will be quick to follow.To avoid being left behind, banks must act now.</p><p>　　Today, like no other time since the

46、creation of the Letters of Credit, trade banks have the opportunity to dramatically transform the relationship they have with their customers. By offering SCF solutions that meet their customers' continually evolving

47、 needs, trade banks can help their customers decrease costs and optimize working capital throughout their end-to-end supply chain.In the process, they can evolve into an integral and valued partner.</p><p>　

48、　供應(yīng)鏈金融：貿(mào)易銀行加強(qiáng)與客戶關(guān)系的一種新型方式</p><p>　　資料來(lái)源: CGI集團(tuán) 作者：卡斯威爾·基特</p><p>　　在一系列的壓力之下,公司必須在全球進(jìn)一步采購(gòu)和銷售。然而從區(qū)域向全球采購(gòu)移動(dòng)造成組織營(yíng)運(yùn)資本和供應(yīng)鏈整體績(jī)效的負(fù)面影響。以至于他們尋找他們的銀行優(yōu)化供應(yīng)鏈金融,包括提供新技術(shù)、分支銀行往來(lái)賬戶

49、工具和新型的應(yīng)付及應(yīng)收融資方法。</p><p>　　在日趨國(guó)際化的市場(chǎng),公司保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)比以往更具有挑戰(zhàn)性。因?yàn)闊o(wú)法跟蹤訂單的裝運(yùn),買(mǎi)家不能準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)何時(shí)裝運(yùn)到達(dá)或付款要到期了。為了保償，買(mǎi)方持有更高層次的庫(kù)存清單，防止中斷供應(yīng)和現(xiàn)金,以確保資金能夠達(dá)到付款義務(wù)。然而按賣方延長(zhǎng)付款方式增加了價(jià)格，削弱了與賣方的關(guān)系，而且減弱了買(mǎi)方供應(yīng)庫(kù)的穩(wěn)定性。一般來(lái)說(shuō),他們必須等待至少45天付款,有時(shí)需要90或120天內(nèi)完

50、成。由于他們的地理位置和尺寸，銷售者通常缺乏價(jià)格合理的短期融資的機(jī)會(huì)。來(lái)自買(mǎi)方的壓力，延長(zhǎng)付款方式只是加強(qiáng)了這種情形，往往導(dǎo)致更高的價(jià)格或者沒(méi)有能力繼續(xù)作為一個(gè)供應(yīng)商，最后的結(jié)果是資金的不穩(wěn)定和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的供應(yīng)庫(kù)。</p><p>　　信用證和跟單信用證作為銷售者傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易工具緩解了買(mǎi)方獲得融資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。雖然這些支付方式將會(huì)繼續(xù)在貿(mào)易融資上發(fā)揮作用,，它們的重要性在過(guò)去的5年內(nèi)逐漸削弱了大約每年5%的樣子。買(mǎi)家和賣家都

51、認(rèn)為它們使用起來(lái)復(fù)雜，費(fèi)時(shí)而且昂貴。</p><p>　　為了緩和這種情形，買(mǎi)方和賣方要轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種更快、更容易和更少花費(fèi)形式的貿(mào)易：賒銷。這就降低了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，減輕了買(mǎi)方在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易融資產(chǎn)品符合功能的需要。</p><p>　　在傳統(tǒng)的賒銷貿(mào)易情況下,賣方的貨物和發(fā)票船送給買(mǎi)方。反過(guò)來(lái),買(mǎi)方以支票或電子支付給賣方的發(fā)票。與信用證和跟單信用證不同的是，貿(mào)易銀行參與這個(gè)過(guò)程被限制處理檢查和支付,銀行

52、沒(méi)有洞察他們客戶的供應(yīng)鏈。</p><p>　　賒銷貿(mào)易最近表現(xiàn)為對(duì)全球貿(mào)易交易的作用有85%，傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易融資比例約占15%。結(jié)果,銀行參與他們的顧客的貿(mào)易穩(wěn)步降低了一些銀行曾經(jīng)一小的部分客戶的所有貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)。</p><p>　　面對(duì)復(fù)雜的延伸供應(yīng)鏈的需要，公司都在尋求幫助。一個(gè)阿伯丁集團(tuán)在2006年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),90%的企業(yè)因?yàn)椤辈荒艹浞痔峁┕舅璧牡募皶r(shí)的財(cái)務(wù)信息”尋求他們的全球供應(yīng)鏈技術(shù)

53、，因此,銀行客戶正在尋找有創(chuàng)造性的新方法來(lái)提高他們供應(yīng)鏈的響應(yīng)性、明顯性、效率、成本優(yōu)化、流動(dòng)性和可預(yù)見(jiàn)性。</p><p>　　由于長(zhǎng)期信賴銀行傳統(tǒng)作用的情況下,他們的顧客想尋求銀行幫助他們優(yōu)化供應(yīng)鏈包括提供新技術(shù)、銀行的賒賬工具和新的應(yīng)付及應(yīng)收融資的方法。</p><p>　　阿伯丁組織定義供應(yīng)鏈金融為“多方結(jié)合的貿(mào)易融資，是由金融機(jī)構(gòu)、第三方供應(yīng)商或公司本身,以及技術(shù)平臺(tái)將電子貿(mào)易伙

54、伴和金融機(jī)構(gòu)提供的融資引發(fā)的基于發(fā)生的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈活動(dòng)?！惫?yīng)鏈金融的總體目標(biāo)是為買(mǎi)方和賣方在整個(gè)首尾相連的供應(yīng)鏈中優(yōu)化營(yíng)運(yùn)資本。</p><p>　　供應(yīng)鏈金融的關(guān)鍵因素包括購(gòu)貨訂單或者發(fā)票數(shù)據(jù)管理，開(kāi)戶銀行的賒賬、賒銷，出口信貸和進(jìn)口信貸。</p><p>　　全球貿(mào)易交易圍繞采購(gòu)訂單,發(fā)票和其他非銀行文件。信用證、跟單托收和開(kāi)戶銀行的賒銷工具簡(jiǎn)單地提供一些額外的好處。</p

55、><p>　　購(gòu)貨訂單和發(fā)票數(shù)據(jù)合并在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易融資并創(chuàng)造出新的賒銷的解決方案，讓銀行提供有力的供物與公司的供應(yīng)鏈金融角度相一致。</p><p>　　第一步是為了配合客戶得到定單和發(fā)票的數(shù)據(jù)。這可以依靠上傳或后臺(tái)的整合。</p><p>　　一旦數(shù)據(jù)是可得到的,銀行能提供一系列的服務(wù),其中包括：</p><p>　　采購(gòu)訂單或發(fā)票與往來(lái)賬戶，貿(mào)易

56、融資工具相連接。銀行可以連接采購(gòu)訂單及發(fā)票給他們的帳戶和貿(mào)易融資工具,目的是整合采購(gòu)定單條款與融資工具和/或?yàn)槿谫Y提供潛在的依據(jù)。</p><p>　　銀行也可以匹配發(fā)票數(shù)據(jù),以確定采購(gòu)訂單的匹配不當(dāng)。然后適當(dāng)處理這類購(gòu)貨訂單與其相掛鉤的工具類型，匹配可以做在高水平上,只是匹配關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)，或更深入地執(zhí)行。例如,斯威夫特最近推出了他們的商業(yè)服務(wù)的效用(貿(mào)易服務(wù)設(shè)施平臺(tái))提供會(huì)員銀行深刻匹配的服務(wù)時(shí),他們可嵌入在他們的

57、貿(mào)易應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　由于發(fā)票匹配,銀行就跟蹤采購(gòu)訂單的狀況和客戶代表的仍有的余額。這個(gè)信息可以通過(guò)各種渠道提供回到客戶,如前端系統(tǒng)和后臺(tái)的整合。</p><p>　　一般的委托付款貿(mào)易循環(huán)會(huì)造成賣方的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。他們必須準(zhǔn)備和裝運(yùn)他們的訂單,其次是一個(gè)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待付款。這就導(dǎo)致了出口融資的需要。然而,出口信貸的作用有很多不同。其中相結(jié)合的可能是一些銀行提供取決于它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平中,

58、它所扮演的交易角色，和它所支持的程序類型。如上所述,出口/賣方信貸可以延長(zhǎng)在更廣泛的情境和場(chǎng)景。</p><p>　　在委托付款業(yè)務(wù)的整個(gè)生命周期為不同目的提供融資提供融資，出口銀行辦理出口的信用證或出口托收提供運(yùn)前，運(yùn)貨或裝運(yùn)后的融資。</p><p>　　運(yùn)前融資：銀行為制造或購(gòu)買(mǎi)貨物裝船提供經(jīng)費(fèi)。盡管傳統(tǒng)地賣方還是基于信用證進(jìn)行付款，采購(gòu)訂單作為這類融資的基礎(chǔ)獲得了接受。</p

59、><p>　　裝運(yùn)融資：銀行在收到款項(xiàng)以前以遠(yuǎn)期信用證被出示或出口托收說(shuō)明被出口商所收到為其提供融資。</p><p>　　運(yùn)后融資：如果信用證或托收以銀行承兌匯票、延期付款或者商業(yè)承兌匯票在指定時(shí)間支付，銀行可以在這些票據(jù)的到期日之前拓寬融資。</p><p>　　雖然這些融資類型并不是新的,但是連結(jié)購(gòu)貨訂單和發(fā)票數(shù)據(jù)給出口信貸工具提供了一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的基礎(chǔ)，為拓寬融資有

60、一個(gè)更高的發(fā)票金額或更好的利率。</p><p>　　買(mǎi)方銀行可以對(duì)賣方運(yùn)前、貨運(yùn)或運(yùn)后直接融資，創(chuàng)建雙方的地區(qū)和參與人的公開(kāi)。許多銀行在賣方國(guó)家沒(méi)有存在，不能找到和吸引國(guó)(境)外直接出口融資。然而,銀行的存在可以提供融資購(gòu)貨訂單或發(fā)票與開(kāi)戶銀行的往來(lái)賬戶和進(jìn)口信用證相連結(jié)。</p><p>　　供應(yīng)鏈金融創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的情形：買(mǎi)方、賣方和銀行的全部受益。同時(shí)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者享受更低的價(jià)格購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品,

61、提高了他們現(xiàn)金流的可見(jiàn)性,和越來(lái)越多的可靠的供應(yīng)基地,賣方則可以利用買(mǎi)方信貸減少資金成本,獲得更低的成本,并創(chuàng)造更多的可預(yù)測(cè)融資的現(xiàn)金流量。與此同時(shí),貿(mào)易銀行堅(jiān)持的急劇增長(zhǎng)的與他們客戶進(jìn)行的業(yè)務(wù)買(mǎi)賣。通過(guò)擴(kuò)展他們的活動(dòng)范圍以代替他們的客戶點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)的供應(yīng)鏈,提高他們的底線,加強(qiáng)與客戶的關(guān)系。</p><p>　　創(chuàng)新企業(yè)已經(jīng)享受了供應(yīng)鏈金融的好處。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)阿伯丁集團(tuán)公司2007年的研究表明：“最好的公司由于實(shí)施了供應(yīng)

62、鏈金融技術(shù)幾乎6倍的增長(zhǎng)了重要的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。供應(yīng)鏈金融的市場(chǎng)在一個(gè)重要的發(fā)展階段。阿伯丁集團(tuán)在2006年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明,超過(guò)三分之二的公司報(bào)告它們“調(diào)查或應(yīng)用供應(yīng)鏈金融項(xiàng)目以減少點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的支出”。</p><p>　　銀行是處于一個(gè)獨(dú)特的地位，將需求變成有利可圖的事情。同樣的力量銀行客戶被動(dòng)地以改變其運(yùn)作,由區(qū)域性向全球性給銀行提供了應(yīng)用貿(mào)易融資創(chuàng)新的道路的機(jī)會(huì)。創(chuàng)新的銀行已經(jīng)開(kāi)始這個(gè)過(guò)程,以及其他人會(huì)很快跟隨